Steel

Alloy (185)
Brass (8)
Metal alloy (14)
Stainless steel (33)
Steel (268)

Synopsis: Materials: Classes of materials: Metal alloys: Steel:

He would stage zero-gravity simulation training by sticking aspiring astronauts into a steel barrel

The high energy X-rays Powell uses in the experiment exit the particle accelerator through a hatch before travelling along a steel pipe,

It is actually a very close up X-ray of the tip of a fuel injector, taken through the injector's steel body.

which are made from steel, can be particularly susceptible to cracks from thermal fatigue and stress corrosion.

and Steel (RFCS) has striven to extend existing combustion modelling capabilities to oxy fuel combustion conditions. This should lead to preparation

#PROMS and EAF-PROMS#The promise of stronger lighter greener steel Steel is synonymous with strength:

researchers have forged a steel that hits all those marks: an ultra-strong alloy with deformation properties can be manufactured with improved energy efficiency, offering a huge industrial potential.

The two EU projects, PROMS and EAF-PROMS, looked at ways of producing novel ultra strong steel grades with high manganese content.

High-strength steel alloys are particularly interesting for carmakers, allowing them to reduce car weights through thinner sheets.

lighter, fuel efficient vehicles mean less overall steel use and ultimately less fuel consumption (by some estimates, up to 0. 2 litres per 100 km) and carbon emissions.

There are other areas where these ultra-strong steels could be used, like high temperature energy production, where they resist oxidation

and corrosion while maintaining ductility. here is a whole range of industrial applications where these high strength steels could be used,

While most steels contain up to 1. 2%manganese (and much smaller amounts of silicon nickel, chromium, aluminium, molybdenum and copper), manganese steel alloys have around 13%manganese.

Spitzer, a process metallurgy professor at the Clausthal University of Technology in the German town of Clausthal-Zellerfeld, says the key challenge was to develop a production process that brought all the elements together. his high strength steel cannot be cast by conventional continuous casting,

on the back of PROMS and EAF-PROMS, the projectsindustrial partner, Salzgitter AG steel group, decided to build the world first line for production of high-manganese steel grades based on the electric arc furnace route.

The hot steel can then be deformed by successive sets of rolls to achieve the desired final size and shape.

and Steel (RFCS) project that greatly enhanced reheating furnace operation, maintenance and product quality by improved diagnostics as well as better monitoring

which was coordinated by European steel producer Tata Steel, had partners in Spain, Germany, Sweden and the United kingdom. In total,

and furnace diagnostic system utilising process databases to furnish statistical and physical models"said project coordinator, Graham Andrews of Tata Steel.

The knowledge acquired in the project can be shared easily with the entire reheating furnace area of the European steel sector."

By combining steel and concrete in prefabricated composite structures with reinforced concrete slabs, the European union (EU)- funded Preco-Beam project found a way to shave months off construction times

"is the way the steel connects to concrete, by a structure known as the composite dowel."

"Previously, connectors were headed studs (a kind of large nail with flattened end) made of steel.""But using headed studs has disadvantages,

"Our technology results in great savings of steel and thus leads to significant cost reduction.

which connects steel and concrete: namely an I-section which can be divided into two steel T-beams by one simple cut."

"Through this new system we can make much slenderer bridges than was previously possible, which require 40 percent less steel,

"Seidl says proudly of the project's achievements.""Prefabricating the parts in a controlled workshop not only improves their quality,

Yet, as European steel became less competitive compared to China's market, an innovative construction solution requiring less steel was needed.

In order to meet this challenge, the Preco-Beam consortium brought together seven partners from France, Poland, Germany, Sweden, Belgium and Luxembourg."

The project has been an important achievement for Europe as well as it may increase the value of EU steel market shares,

#This smartphone case is 3x harder than steel Yale university Posted by Jim Shelton-Yale on September 5 2014a new smartphone case is lightweight thin harder than steel

#Renewable cellulose crystals are as stiff as steel The same tiny cellulose crystals that give trees

which is comparable to steel says Pablo D. Zavattieri a Purdue University assistant professor of civil engineering. his is a material that is showing really amazing propertieshe says. t is abundant renewable and produced as waste in the paper industry. indings

and steel with similar results. hat's amazing is that these layers are ultra thin

and is used commonly in muds for oil drilling, in modern construction, in medical applications and as a binder by iron and steel foundries.

##Copper, Bronze, Steel, Silver & Gold.**Refine our high-pressure extruder design. We currently have a reliable extrusion trace at around 0. 5mm

Today steel pipes will soon be replaced with tomorrow air pipes, and we will forget what life was like

A key example was steel minimills such as Nucor. Originally, they could only produce the lowest quality steel

and weren seen as a serious threat to the big integrated mills. Nevertheless, as the technology improved

#New 3d printed materials lighter than water and as strong as steel A Nanoscribe 3d printer can print models of the Empire state building in a space the width of a human hair using precision lasers.

believe such 3d printers may help craft a new generation of materials lighter than water and strong as steel.

it would floatand as strong as some steel alloys. See video of their experimentation at the bottom.

Researchers have figured out how to use ordinary kitchen blenders to create thin sheets of graphene, a marvelous high-tech material that is just one atom thick but 100 times stronger than steel.

or increase the column spacing and they'll know immediately how much more or less steel and concrete might be needed and its impact on cost.

I am in awe of a system that can not only quantify steel and concrete costs but that now can also produce real data on social value pollution health and yes even happiness a

says Alistair Steel, executive director of the Brussels-based industry group Euro Chlor. Traditionally, chlorine production has used a mercury electrode in the electrolysis of sodium chloride,

and steel wires that hangs from an uncrewed spacecraft. The net is fitted with sensors that look for light reflecting from small pieces of debris

Then they shot the ice with a steel pellet travelling at about 7 kilometres a second to simulate the comet smacking into a planet

In that process, steel sheets are fed into one side of a machine, where theye continuously rolled into a spiral,

and Dan Ainge 2 Keystone system allows the steel rolls to be tapered and made of varying thickness,

and uses steel to make the whole tower, instead of concrete. his makes it much more cost-effective to build much taller towers,

Theye built using very thick steel walls at the base (requiring more than 100 tons of excess steel),

or pieced together with many steel elements using thousands of bolts. f you were to design a 500-foot tower to get strong winds,

industrial-sized machine and the trapezoid-shaped sheets of steel needed to feed into the system.

and weld even through a half-inch of steel at greater efficiencies than today s industrial lasers.

Graphene is remarkably strong for its low weight-about 100 times stronger than steel -and it conducts heat and electricity with great efficiency.

and it's extremely strong its tensile strength is even stronger than steel Hunt said. Air doesn't damage it.

graphene is a 2d sheet of carbon just one atom Thick with a'honeycomb'structure the'wonder material'is 100 times stronger than steel, highly conductive and flexible.

The team observed what happens when a wedge-shaped piece of steel slides over a flat piece of aluminum or copper.

Fortunately researchers have pinpointed now the breaking mechanism of several monolayer materials hundreds of times stronger than steel with exotic properties that could revolutionize everything from armor to electronics.

while the Eiffel Tower achieves similar strength using a lattice of steel beams and struts that is mostly open air, gaining its strength from the geometric arrangement of those elements.

but we make steel space frames the size of city blocks. We're doing a live build at a festival in Phoenix on October 4th and an installation at a local art museum soon.

and to dangle creepily from ceilings is five times stronger than an equal-sized thread of steel would be.

The Livewire has a lightweight aluminum frame rather than the classic tubular-steel version, and a 74-horsepower electric motor.

and steel cables instead of tendons. 3d printed plastic parts work like bones and a rubber coating acts as the skin.

Secondly, if this water gets to the steel reinforcements--in concrete we have all these steel rebars

steel, cement and other industries producing most of the country greenhouse gas emissions. The program is meant to complement the Obama administration Clean Power Plan,

#Tough-as-Steel Glass Breaks Mold Glass is notoriously breakable. Just ask any twelve-year-boy carrying a bat and searching for his baseball.

They say theye created glass that nearly as strong as steel. Making the material seems surprisingly simple.

The result was a transparent glass nearly as strong as steel and iron. e will establish a way to mass-produce the new material shortly,

Initially working with Lew Meixler on a federal Cooperative Research and development Agreement in the Plasma Surface Laboratory, she solved the problem by treating the metal (steel or titanium) with a plasma.

"is actually stronger than steel.""The F/A-18 Hornet became the U s. Navy and Marine corps'first strike fighter in 1978;

It is stronger than steel yet many times lighter more conductive than copper and more flexible than rubber.

it has the highest strength of any isolated material (200x stronger than steel), is very light and flexible, an efficient conductor of heat and electricity,

which combine two metals that normally don fuse easily such as stainless steel and titanium or copper and steel.

and her idea that the carbon and hydrogen in waste plastics might be a useful resource for the manufacture of steel.

Together with technology partner One Steel Veena's team perfected the technique of'polymer injection'for electric arc furnaces.

The technology has also been licensed to steel makers in South korea, Thailand and the UK enabling high quality steel products to be produced more economically and with less energy,

while at the same time reducing the environmental problems of waste tyre disposal s

#Deep-sea fish found to be warm-blooded Calling someone a cold fish may not hold any more after scientists today revealed a deep-sea fish that is warm-blooded.

At another TCL plant in Hefei, near Shanghai, steel refrigerator frames are bent into shape before being plucked by a blue Yasakawa robot arm that stacks them in neat rows for further assembly.

Water penetrates the steel in the concrete which starts to rust and becomes brittle. Using a type of bacteria that is typically found near active volcanoes,

#Super-slick material makes steel better, stronger, cleaner Steel is ubiquitous in our daily lives.

We cook in stainless steel skillets, ride steel subway cars over steel rails to our offices in steel-framed building.

Steel screws hold together broken bones, steel braces straighten crooked teeth, steel scalpels remove tumors.

Most of the goods we consume are delivered by ships and trucks mostly built of steel.

While various grades of steel have been developed over the past 50 years, steel surfaces have remained largely unchanged--and unimproved.

The steel of today is as prone as ever to the corrosive effects of water and salt and abrasive materials such as sand.

Steel surgical tools can still carry microorganisms that cause deadly infections. Now researchers at the Harvard John A. Paulson School of engineering and Applied sciences (SEAS) have demonstrated a way to make steel stronger, safer and more durable.

Their new surface coating, made from rough nanoporous tungsten oxide, is the most durable antifouling and anti-corrosive material to date,

capable of repelling any kind of liquid even after sustaining intense structural abuse. The new material joins the portfolio of other nonstick,

antifouling materials developed in the lab of Joanna Aizenberg, the Amy Smith Berylson Professor of Materials science and core faculty member of the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard university.

Aizenberg's team developed Slippery Liquid-Infused Porous Surfaces in 2011 and since then has demonstrated a broad range of applications for the super-slick coating, known as SLIPS.

The new SLIPS-enhanced steel is described in Nature Communications.""Our slippery steel is orders of magnitude more durable than any antifouling material that has been developed before,

"said Aizenberg.""So far, these two concepts-mechanical durability and antifouling-were at odds with each other.

The biggest challenge in the development of this surface was to figure out how to structure steel to ensure its antifouling capability without mechanical degradation.

The team solved this by using an electrochemical technique to grow an ultrathin film of hundreds of thousands of small and rough tungsten-oxide islands directly onto a steel surface."

"Electrochemical deposition is already a widely used technique in steel manufacturing, said Aizenberg.""I don't want to create another line that would cost millions

and show anti-biofouling behavior but the tungsten oxide actually made the steel stronger than steel without the coating.

Medical steel devices are one of the material's most promising applications, said Philseok Kim,

#This new high-power diamond laser can cut steel Although lasers based on diamond have been around around for several years,

The ability to slice through steel has always been the benchmark for cutting power. With 380 Watts@1240nm, the new laser has enough oomph to handle the job.

The new diamond lasers make use of something known as Raman conversion to shift light to wavelengths that are long enough to be absorbed efficiently by steel.

Reliance Games has developed several games based on well-known IP like Hunger Games and Real Steel. The robot battle game eal Steel World Robot Boxingis likely the best known Reliance Games app it has 7. 5 Million downloads,

while the cluster of three Real Steel tie-in apps has garnered 47 Million downloads. The Real Steel franchise has shown broad global appeal

with country tallies standing at US (10m+),Russia (4. 8m+),Thailand (2. 7m+),Mexico (2m+),Brazil (1. 9m+),S. Korea (1. 6m

+),China (1. 2m+.+This is one reason why many game developers are now pursuing IP licenses a reasonably successful movie

Real Steel is a 2011 movie that grossed $300 Million. Earlier this March, eal Steel Champions a new spin-off app by Reliance Games, hit Top 5 of US ipad download chart.

Licensed app franchises can have surprisingly long life spans, aiding app discovery years after the popularity of the original IP has peaked.

In the case of Real Steel, we focused on the robot combat and not the journey of the Hugh Jackman Character.

#Snake skin-inspired steel could lead to better hard drives and more When it comes to human phobias,

With a fiber laser, they milled scales into a steel bolt of 8 mm in diameter.

With that in mind, researchers at KIT milled scales into a steel bolt 8 mm in diameter using a fiber laser.

Both designs were tested on lubricated (steel) and unlubricated (sapphire) contacts. For lubricated conditions, the untextured surface generated the least amount of friction

even with hard materials like steel and sapphire, it shows that scale-like texturing has potential application for dry-contact devices and/or environments that benefit from low friction and high wear resistance c

and the limited visibility that comes with being wrapped in a mobile fortress of ceramic and steel.

They can also be made stronger and lighter than steel, and resistant to temperature changes too. For example, the Defense department has approached the company with interest in the development of new armor that is both bulletproof and light enough to wear.

#New ultra-strong, lightweight aluminum-steel alloy invented that rivals titanium Old-fashioned steel has been one of the most reliable and ubiquitous building materials for centuries,

so it might seem a bit outmoded to talk of a steel breakthrough. But researchers at Pohang University of Science and Technology in South korea may have made steel cool again, not to mention stronger and lighter, reports Popular Mechanics.

The researchers have devised a method for creating an aluminum-steel alloy that is more flexible, lightweight and stronger than any kind of steel ever made before.

This isn't the first time anyone has thought to add aluminum to the steel mix. Back in the 1970's

Soviet scientists recognized that by blending steel and aluminum they could forge an ultra-strong, lightweight metal,

but these advantages were always superseded by one major drawback: it was incredibly brittle. When significant force was applied,

it always broke rather than bent. The problem was that when you fuse aluminum and iron atoms together,

which are what make the aluminum-steel alloys so brittle. No one had ever found a way around this problem, until now.

if the B2 crystals could be dispersed properly throughout the steel, the surrounding alloy could insulate them from splintering."

I might be able to disperse them in the steel, "explained Kim. It's not as simple as it sounds.

and thinly rolling their steel in repeated attempts to control when and where B2 crystals were formed.

The result of all this work is a viable aluminum-steel alloy that is 13 percent less dense compared to normal steel,

and it could make aluminum-steel alloy the building material of the future.""Because of its lightness, our steel may find many applications in automotive

and aircraft manufacturing,"said Kim m

#How to save soldiers'lives with fizz One of the biggest challenges for medics on the battlefield is treating blood loss,

It is stronger than steel yet many times lighter more conductive than copper and more flexible than rubber.

Research paves the way for alloys that are 3x stronger than steel yet bend like gum Abstract:

Additionally, ZDDP does not work as well on the lightweight engine materials eyed as potential replacements for steels."

and quickly wear down due to very high local stresses through direct steel-on-steel contacts. The resulting debris can further increase the friction between the surfaces

"The film that grows is not as stiff as the steel. When you push on a stiff surface,

It is stronger than steel yet many times lighter more conductive than copper and more flexible than rubber.

#Super-slick material makes steel better, stronger, cleaner Steel is ubiquitous in our daily lives.

We cook in stainless steel skillets, ride steel subway cars over steel rails to our offices in steel-framed building.

Steel screws hold together broken bones, steel braces straighten crooked teeth, steel scalpels remove tumors.

Most of the goods we consume are delivered by ships and trucks mostly built of steel.

While various grades of steel have been developed over the past 50 years, steel surfaces have remained largely unchanged--and unimproved.

The steel of today is as prone as ever to the corrosive effects of water and salt and abrasive materials such as sand.

Steel surgical tools can still carry microorganisms that cause deadly infections. Now researchers at the Harvard John A. Paulson School of engineering and Applied sciences (SEAS) have demonstrated a way to make steel stronger, safer and more durable.

Their new surface coating, made from rough nanoporous tungsten oxide, is the most durable antifouling and anti-corrosive material to date,

capable of repelling any kind of liquid even after sustaining intense structural abuse. The new material joins the portfolio of other nonstick,

antifouling materials developed in the lab of Joanna Aizenberg, the Amy Smith Berylson Professor of Materials science and core faculty member of the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard university.

Aizenberg's team developed Slippery Liquid-Infused Porous Surfaces in 2011 and since then has demonstrated a broad range of applications for the super-slick coating, known as SLIPS.

The new SLIPS-enhanced steel is described in Nature Communications("Extremely durable biofouling-resistant metallic surfaces based on electrodeposited nanoporous tungstite films on steel"."

""Our slippery steel is orders of magnitude more durable than any antifouling material that has been developed before,

The biggest challenge in the development of this surface was to figure out how to structure steel to ensure its antifouling capability without mechanical degradation.

The team solved this by using an electrochemical technique to grow an ultrathin film of hundreds of thousands of small and rough tungsten-oxide islands directly onto a steel surface."

"Electrochemical deposition is already a widely used technique in steel manufacturing, said Aizenberg.""I don't want to create another line that would cost millions

and show anti-biofouling behavior but the tungsten oxide actually made the steel stronger than steel without the coating.

Medical steel devices are one of the material's most promising applications, said Philseok Kim,

including power generation, iron and steel, and chemicals. Regional cap-and-trade programs already exist in China.

and focussed on a steel pipeline carrying a eat transfer solution (HTF) that is warmed to 393c as it snakes along the trough before coiling into a heat engine.

take down scaffolding and wrap rockwool insulation around steel pipelines. They bustle past in yellow and orange bibs,

and safety protection as a frame made out of steel, "said Brad Balzer, the lead designer on the project.

By using carbon fiber instead of steel or aluminum for the body, the entire vehicle only weighs 1400 pounds (635kg),

#Scientists figure out how to make flexible materials 3 times stronger than steel Australian scientists have published an'instruction manual'that makes it a whole lot easier and cheaper to create metallic glass-a type of flexible

but when it cools it's three times stronger than steel. Researchers have been dabbling with the creation of metallic glass-or amorphous metal-for decades,

Initially working with Lew Meixler on a federal Cooperative Research and development Agreement in the Plasma Surface Laboratory, she solved the problem by treating the metal (steel or titanium) with a plasma.

Graphene, roughly 200 times stronger than steel by weight, is a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb pattern.

Graphene, roughly 200 times stronger than steel by weight, is a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb pattern.

including brain tissue from surgical steel. Cleaning instruments between patients is critical to avoid transmission of agents leading to conditions such as Creutzfeldt-jakob disease.

such as extraordinary strength (it is about 200 times stronger than steel by weight), almost transparent nature and conductivity of heat and electricity with great efficiency.

and make steel? In the new study, the researchers have shown how to alter the behaviour of nonmagnetic materials by removing some electrons using an interface coated with a thin layer of the carbon molecule C60,

and antifouling Researchers from the Harvard John A. Paulson School of engineering and Applied sciences (SEAS) have developed a new coating for steel,

The coating is applied using an electrochemical technique that deposits an ultrathin film of tungsten oxide islands on to the steel.

and the steel retains both its durability and its antifouling properties. During testing, the team scratched the material with stainless steel tweezers, screwdrivers, diamond-tipped scribers

with the tungsten oxide actually making the steel stronger than steel without the coating. It is claimed the material could have a wide range of applications,

An important material used in their construction is electrical steel. Researchers have found a way to improve the performance of electrical steel

and manufacture it more efficiently using an optimized laser process. Transformers convert the standard voltage from the wall outlet into the lower voltages required by electronic devices.

To minimize the energy loss associated with this process special types of iron-silicon alloy known as electrical steel are used to make the core.

which in turn alters the magnetic structure of the steel. This results in a lower heat development and thus reduces the material's hysteresis loss says Dr. Andreas Wetzig who heads the laser ablation

While the steel sheet measuring around one meter in width moves forward at a rate of more than 100 meters per minute a focused laser beam travels at very high speed (approximately 200 meters per second) from side to side

In a further effort to reduce hysteresis loss in electrical steel the researchers have started recently working with a new type of solid-state laser:

that of expanding the applications of their technology to electrical steel for engine components. However unlike transformer steel these materials do not have oriented a grain structure

and therefore possess different magnetic properties. This means that we cannot transfer our process one-to-one without modification explains Wetzig.

The benefits of laser processing in the case of non-grain-oriented electrical steel vary according to the working point of the specific engine or motor.

#Analyzing gold and steel--rapidly, precisely Optical emission spectrometers are used widely in the steel industry but the instruments currently employed are relatively large and bulky.

But goldsmiths are not the only users of these instruments the tools are more frequently found in steel foundries

and car factories where they help engineers to determine the characteristics of steel materials analyze their chemical composition

In order to analyze a piece of steel for example it has to generate sparks at regular intervals.

which it is possible to derive information on the composition of the steel sample. Experts refer to this result as a space-resolved measurement.

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