or macromolecules promises intriguing potential for many areas of biology, chemistry, and nanoscience. Spectroscopic measurements on large ensembles of nanoparticles suffer from the fact that individual differences in size, shape,
from the characterization of nanomaterials and biological nanosystems to spectroscopy of quantum emitters. e
#Nanostructure design enables pixels to produce two different colors depending on polarization of incident light Through precise structural control,
and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology at Illinois."The complexity and systems nature of the process have been largely underappreciated,
More broadly, by using the ABE fermentation as an example, the work further sheds light on systems biology toward an integrated and quantitative understanding of complex microbial physiology
#RNASEH1 mutations impair mtdna replication, cause adult-onset mitochondrial encephalomyopathy Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology offers an incredible opportunity for the rapid and relatively low-cost characterization of individual genomes,
This technology has led to the identification for the first time of pathological mutations in the RNASEH1 gene in six subjects from three unrelated families.
The identification of a new mitochondrial disease gene not only provides valuable basic information about the biological function
A biological element? Arrayclark Johnson, a professor of geoscience at the University of Wisconsin-Madison,
Biologists say this process"is really deep in the tree of life, but we've had little evidence from the rock record until now,
that early biological molecules may have been based iron.""NASA has made the search for life in space a major focus and sponsors the UW-Madison Astrobiology Institute,
"In my introductory geochemistry textbook from 1980, there is no mention of biology, and so every diagram showing
and conducted in collaboration with the Institute of Molecular and Cell biology of A*STAR. Up to 150 million people globally suffer from chronic hepatitis C infections according to the World health organization."
The Food safety and Technology Research Centre under the Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology of The Hong kong Polytechnic University (Polyu) has developed a new method for rapid authentication of edible oils and screening
the UNC School of medicine Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Department of Genetics. e found that AIM2 inhibits tumorigenesis in multiple animal models of colorectal cancer by restricting the pro-survival signaling molecule, Akt,
"explains Yingfu Li, a professor in the Departments of Biochemistry and Biomedical sciences, Chemistry and Chemical Biology."
"Cell death due to mutations in CEP63 is the main cause of the brain defects. When we prevent cell death by removing p53 from developing embryos,
and research to improve a couple's chances of having a biological child of their own. This discovery can potentially increase those chances."
"Cheng and doctoral students Jilong Li and Jie Hou partnered with members of the MU Center for Botanical Interaction Studies, the Division of Biological sciences, the Department of chemistry, the Department of Biochemistry,
The team achieved three advances in the development of semiconductor and biological materials. One advance was the demonstration, by strictly chemical means, of three-dimensional lithography.
The testing showed that the synthetic silicon spicules displayed stronger interactions with collagen fibers--a skin-like stand-in for biological tissue--than did currently available silicon structures.
Their work, published online July 8 by the journal Science Translational Medicine, could pave the way for gene therapy in people with hearing loss caused by genetic mutations."
and is a good model for recessive TMC1 mutations in humans: Children with two mutant copies of TMC1 have profound hearing loss from a very young age, usually by around 2 years.
The other type of mouse, called Beethoven, has a specific TMC1 mutation--a change in a single amino acid
In this form, less common than the recessive form, a single copy of the mutation causes children to gradually go deaf beginning around the age of 10 to 15 years.
"Mice with TMC1 mutations will just sit there, but with gene therapy, they jump as high as a normal mouse,
a mutation in the TMC1 gene is sufficient to cause deafness. However, Holt's study also showed that gene therapy with TMC2 could compensate for loss of a functional TMC1 gene,
The latest publication in the Journal of Biological Chemistry now was nominated as one of the best 50 out of this year's 6
associate professor and senior Cancer Research UK Fellow at the division of biomedical cell biology at Warwick Medical school.
"As a cell biologist you dream of finding a new structure in cells but it's so unlikely.
It was observed by a team of researchers including Gilles Hickson, an assistant professor at the University of Montreal's Department of Pathology and Cell biology and researcher at the CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, his assistant Silvana Jananji, in collaboration with Nelio
and Sergey Lekomtsev, a postdoc, working in the group led by Buzz Baum of the MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell biology at University college London.
This is what makes fruit flies such a powerful system for helping us to understand human biology.""When chromosomes are segregated,
who has devoted the last 15 years of his research life to cell biology. In fact, all cancers are unchecked characterised by cell division,
"says Karen Knudsen, Ph d.,Director of the Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University, the Hilary Koprowski Professor and Chair of Cancer Biology, Professor of Urology, Radiation Oncology,
The tumor undergoes a number of changes to its DNA--mutations--that make the cells more mobile
and the Air force Office of Scientific research and was carried out in Caltech's Center for Physical Biology,
#Liquid biopsy identifies mutations in colorectal cancer undetected in tissue biopsy The results of the trial were twofold:
liquid biopsy effectively unmasked different tumor-related mutations. More specifically, in a subgroup of 41 patients who had received previously anti-EGFR therapy,
it was revealed that they had acquired KRAS mutations during the course of their disease. Such accurate information is difficult to obtain using tissue biopsy
Moreover, the study concludes that regorafenib is effective in patients with KRAS and PIK3CA mutations."
and the results show the former (BEAMING technology) obtain more data on tumor mutation throughout the course of the disease,
which mutations had been identified. Arraytumor genotype plays an important role in drug resistance in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer,
Liquid biopsy, also known as a blood-based biomarker test, is a fast, simple method for detecting RAS (KRAS and NAS) mutation status in tumors
Further, it also provides mutation status results in a matter of days, helping to determine the most specific,
The results have just been published in EMBO Molecular Systems Biology. According to the World health organization (WHO), lung diseases are the third most common cause of death worldwide:
is one of the the largest genetics study to date to link a specific genetic mutation and information processing speed."
Our team has identified a genetic mutation that may help unravel this puzzle.""The effort was conducted through the Cohorts for Heart and Aging research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) consortium, in
#Novel glycoengineering technology gives qualitative leap for biologics drug research Researchers from the University of Copenhagen have discovered a way of improving biotech drugs.
and structural biology, are playing key roles in high-impact scientific discoveries.""Data analysis Helps Fill in Missing Piece Qingping Xu,
and transport proteins are amazing machines present in biological membranes, "said Manish Kumar, assistant professor of chemical engineering, Penn State."
It's very different from the current view of how beta amyloid interacts with biological copper."
and research applications of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test, with results coming in minutes instead of an hour or more.
It has added the benefit of being inert to biological systems, so it can be used in biomedical applications.
and published in Global Change Biology, quantifies the reductions in climate pollution from the degradation and clearcutting of forests.
but may also provide valuable insights into the underlying mechanics of biological surface patterning. Once the material is printed,
a neurobiological Oz crewing our bodies and minds from behind the scenes with unique biology and unique pathologies.
With these new findings, e now have an opportunity to investigate how gene mutations that cause
Professor of Biological Chemistry in the Faculty of Biological sciences at Leeds, who led the study,
Professor Reidun Twarock, of the Departments of Mathematics and Biology at York, said: he Enigma machine metaphor is apt.
Hidde Ploegh an MIT professor of biology and member of the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research is also a senior author of the paper.
and biomolecular engineering at the Georgia Institute of technology who was involved not in the research. t very well-controlled
and for biological applications because of its toxicity to organisms and cells. Read de Alaniz Hawker, and postdoctoral researcher Brett Fors, now with Cornell University, led the study that was inspired initially by a photoreactive Iridium catalyst.
#Defying textbook science study finds new role for proteins Open any introductory biology textbook and one of the first things youl learn is that our DNA spells out the instructions for making proteins,
which another protein specifies which amino acids are added. his surprising discovery reflects how incomplete our understanding of biology is,
Fang says, of biomolecules placed on the hybrid material surface. Sheng Shen, an assistant professor of mechanical engineering at Carnegie mellon University who was involved not in this research,
#Lawrence Livermore technology could help detect diseases in commercial swine industry Agricultural officials who seek to detect diseases affecting the commercial swine industry may gain a new ally a biological detection system developed by Lawrence Livermore
Currently, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays represent one technology widely used for pathogen detection but typically only a handful of microorganisms can be identified in a single test.
said LLNL biologist Crystal Jaing, who oversees LLNL microbial detection array collaborations. PCR test cannot.
it becomes feasible to look at microarrays as everyday tools for use in the diagnostic laboratory. he beauty of the LLMDA is that it lets you identify unknown diseases that the researcher isn looking for,
Clostridium and Staphylococcus. he use of the microarray technology could help the U s. detect the emergence of foreign animal diseases at their outset to prevent major disease outbreaks,
Cockayne syndrome is caused by mutations in either of two genes involved in the repair of DNA damage induced by ultraviolet (UV) rays.
He holds the Canada Research Chair in Human Stem Cell biology and is a professor in the Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical sciences of the Michael G. Degroote School of medicine.
the process involved the successful testing of biological samples for levels of Trypsin and Collagenase,
which also included Martha Grover from Georgia Tech School of Chemical & Biomolecular engineering, has used so far the solvent to assemble three structures,
#DNA mutations get harder to hide Rice university researchers have developed a method to detect rare DNA mutations with an approach hundreds of times more powerful than current methods.
The ability to accurately find mutations that are biomarkers for disease will help clinicians determine treatment paths for patients,
It may also help identify rare mutations and subtypes of infectious diseases as well as drug-resistant strains.
but mutations can leave the body vulnerable to disease, or even be the root cause.
The ability to accurately find rare single-nucleotide mutations is becoming increasingly important as scientists drill down into genomes to find biomarkers for early cancer detection. ee trying to solve the needle-in-a-haystack problem,
how do you detect a very rare mutation in a large pile of healthy DNA molecules?
The needle youe looking for might be a cancer-mutation DNA or bacterial-pathogen DNA,
and leave the probes to seek out mutations in the target DNA. Zhang and Wang carried this hybridization technique a step further as they determined the optimal conditions the window for each experiment, based on simulations.
especially if youe doing a multiplexed assay that checks for a few hundred different target mutations. he real benefit is still being able to do more specific detection,
basically being able to detect mutations at a much earlier phase when there not as much cancer DNA floating around,
because many people have felt that this A-form of DNA is only found in the laboratory under very non-biological conditions,
it appears to be a general mechanism in biology for protecting DNA. gelman and his colleagues were able to crack the mystery only because of the remarkable power of U. Va. new Titan Krios electron microscope.
the massive microscope is insulated within many tons of concrete to provide the stability needed to examine biological samples in previously impossible detail.
because their infection defences are compromised by genetic errors. UK trial leader Professor Kevin Harrington, Professor of Biological Cancer Therapies at The Institute of Cancer Research, London,
and we also compared multipotent stem cells derived from fallopian tubes and fallopian tube mucosa according to their biological characteristics and therapeutic potential for treatment of autologous reproductive tract injury.
published in Current Biology, could help scientists design therapies to manipulate the cell repair process
The results suggest that adaptive immune signalling pathways important in distinguishing self from non-self in vertebrates appear to have evolved from a more ancient response designed to distinguished amaged selffrom ealthy Self will Wood, Professor of Developmental biology
In cell biology their role is to reduce the effectiveness of two immune checkpoint proteins responsible for telling the immune system to turn off
and will stimulate future research on the biology of memory and its clinical restoration. d
. Ph d. e anticipate that the techniques developed by NHGRI researchers will accelerate understanding the biological function of specific genes
Hearing is one of the other interests of Dr. Burgess lab.)This produced mutations in 82 of the 83 genes.
In screening embryos by fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (a technology that allows researchers to produce millions of copies of a specific DNA sequence)
mutations were passed on to the next generation in 28 percent of cases. The transmission rate was higher for some genes than for others,
but in most cases, screening offspring from parent fish should be enough to spot most mutations, the researchers reported.
Lieber. his opens up a completely new frontier where we can explore the interface between electronic structures and biology.
which biology works. he idea of merging the biological with the electronic is not a new one for Lieber.
a process common to delivery of many species in biology and medicine you could go to the doctor
#Decades of research yield natural dairy thickener with probiotic potential Microbiologists at Oregon State university have discovered
beginning in the early 1990s when a novel polymer with an ability to rapidly thicken milk was discovered by an OSU microbiologist.
an OSU microbiologist. e discovered that this bacterium had a brand-new, never-before reported grouping of genes that code for a unique polymer that naturally thickens milk.
creating microfluidic channels to control the movement of liquids inside a chemical or biological detector,
of Chemistry journal Integrative biology. ee taking the first steps toward mimicking the body in a dish,
Phd student in the Department of Biological sciences and lead author on the study. hus, there is active interest in how best to manage the species to ensure their long-term survival.
Scown says. y strategically piecing together biological and thermochemical processes, biorefineries can also operate without any fossil-derived inputs. o
and paint the cells without affecting their biological function. owever, we were surprised and delighted to discover that we could deliver the necessary quantity to the cells to supplement their oxygen requirements.
they are limited mainly to the analysis of lower molecular weight biomolecules. These include metabolites, fatty acids and lipids.
a member of ORNL Organic and Biological Mass Spectrometry Group and lead author of the paper.
and Maria Barna, Phd, assistant professor of developmental biology and genetics at Stanford, co-senior authors of the new study. he dogma in every textbook was that
In lab-dish experiments, mutations in certain genes known as oncogenes, such as Ras and Myc, reliably ransformnormal mouse cells into cancer-like cells the cells overproliferate,
When the scientists used a tool called short-hairpin RNAS to sharply reduce eif4e levels in human lung cancer cells carrying a Ras mutation,
These results were consistent with those seen in eif4e-deficient mice carrying Ras mutations which had reduced a sharply propensity to develop lung cancer compared to mice with a full complement of eif4e.
Most cancer drug development is aimed at specifically targeting faulty proteins caused by mutations in oncogenes such as Ras and Myc,
the implications for human biology are indirect at best. owever, mouse brains have long been accepted as excellent basic research models for the human brain,
The new study, published in the journal Nature Chemical Biology, has found that this rare xtrabase,
The research was supported by Cancer Research UK, the Wellcome Trust and the Biotechnology and Biological sciences Research Council UK e
and biologists at UC San diego have succeeded in designing and synthesizing an artificial cell membrane capable of sustaining continual growth, just like a living cell.
when supplied with simpler chemical building blocks, said Devaraj. ynthetic cell membranes that can grow like real membranes will be an important new tool for synthetic biology and origin of life studies.
The researchers used synthetic biology techniques to develop a platform of particles called phagemids. These particles infect bacteria with small DNA molecules known as plasmids,
The paper demonstrates that using synthetic biology to modify a gene in a phage to make it more toxic to a pathogen can lead to more effective antimicrobial particles than classical approaches,
says Alfonso Jaramillo, a professor of synthetic biology at the University of Warwick in the U k.,
& Biology and will be published in the July 23 issue of the journal print edition. Caltech graduate student Ariel Furst (Phd 5) and her adviser, Jacqueline K. Barton, the Arthur and Marian Hanisch Memorial professor of chemistry, are the paper authors. urrently,
and has demonstrated that it can be used not only to locate DNA mutations but also to detect the presence of proteins such as DNMT1 that bind to DNA.
or ibuprofen reduces the risk of bowel cancer by more than half for people with the genetic mutation causing Lynch syndrome.
At least 1 in 1000 people in the population have the genetic mutation that causes Lynch syndrome.
and the new findings suggest that parasite calcineurin should be a focus for the development of new antimalarial drugs. ur study has great biological and medical significance, particularly in light of the huge disease burden of malaria,
The research team at Harvard Chan School used cutting edge genetic and cell biological methods to provide definitive evidence of the essentiality and function of calcineurin in parasite invasion.
calcineurin underlies a very basic aspect of parasite biology. p
#What your clothes may say about you Moving closer to the possibility of aterials that computeand wearing your computer on your sleeve,
From a biological point of view, there no other way to achieve this. After all, the material for example that of a fallen pinecone is already dead.
which the pores roughly model the cells in the biological material. What they found is fascinating.
Burrus/NISTTHE technology was designed to track the machinery of biological cells, down to the tiniest bits of DNA, a single ase pairof nucleotides among the 3 billion of these chemical units in human genes.
But the instrument could be useful well beyond biology, biochemistry and biophysics, perhaps in manufacturing.
The instrument must be stable to within about one-tenth of a nanometer (1 angstrom to biologists, equivalent to the diameter of a hydrogen atom.
and is already being used for basic biological studies. The invention of gene nock-outsarned the 2007 Nobel prize for its utility in determining
for human biology and the model organisms that are so important for biology, like fruit flies and zebra fish,
and to acquire new mutations, said TSRI Research Assistant Marnie Fusco, first author of the new study. he cross-reactive antibodies could be used as diagnostics for newly emerging strains.?
Furthermore, pulmonary fibrosis is one of the most frequent illnesses among people with mutations in genes involved in telomere maintenance.
who is the leading researcher and the head of the Laboratory of Regulation of Transcription and Replication at the Biological Faculty of the Lomonosov Moscow State university.
The damage of the DNA, if not repaired, leads to accumulation of mutations, cell death, and to the development of various diseases, including neurodegenerative, e g.
Now a team from Harvard Medical school, using electron cryomicroscopy (imaging frozen specimens to reduce damage from electron radiation),
HMS professor of microbiology and immunobiology and senior author of the paper. think if you were trying to develop a viral-specific target to block the replication of one of these viruses,
Advances in electron cryomicroscopy encouraged them to try again. A team from Whelan lab, working with a group led by Stephen Harrison, Giovanni Armenise Harvard Professor of Basic Biomedical science at HMS and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) investigator
They can shed new light on the fundamental processes occurring in the nanoscale biological pores that funnel essential ingredients into cells. e also developed some key data processing methods
and to investigate other nanofluidic systems such as boron nitride nanotubes and biological channels. ource: University of Sydne a
Researchers have developed a new approach for better integrating medical devices with biological systems. The researchers, led by Bozhi Tian,
The team achieved three advances in the development of semiconductor and biological materials. One advance was the demonstration, by strictly chemical means, of three-dimensional lithography.
The testing showed that the synthetic silicon spicules displayed stronger interactions with collagen fibers skin-like stand-in for biological tissuehan did currently available silicon structures.
Their work, published online July 8 by the journal Science Translational Medicine, could pave the way for gene therapy in people with hearing loss caused by genetic mutations. ur gene therapy protocol is not yet ready for clinical trialse need to tweak it a bit moreut in the not-too-distant
and is a good model for recessive TMC1 mutations in humans: Children with two mutant copies of TMC1 have profound hearing loss from a very young age, usually by around 2 years.
The other type of mouse, called Beethoven, has a specific TMC1 mutation change in a single amino acidnd is a good model for the dominant form of TMC1-related deafness.
In this form, less common than the recessive form, a single copy of the mutation causes children to gradually go deaf beginning around the age of 10 to 15 years.
loud tones. ice with TMC1 mutations will just sit there, but with gene therapy, they jump as high as a normal mouse,
a mutation in the TMC1 gene is sufficient to cause deafness. However, Holt study also showed that gene therapy with TMC2 could compensate for loss of a functional TMC1 gene,
Tom Ellis, group leader of the Centre for Synthetic biology at Imperial College London, who was involved not in the research,
says the paper takes many of the best tools that have been developed for synthetic biology applications with E coli
said Dr. Wen H. Shen, the study lead investigator and an assistant professor of cell biology in radiation oncology at Weill Cornell. ased on our research,
70 percent of prostate cancers have PTEN mutation or deletion. Because of this, researchers are testing PTEN to see if it a marker of aggressive cancer
or harbor mutations in the gene are known to have poorer outcomes than patients with active PTEN,
and in particular, to benefit this subgroup of cancer patients carrying PTEN mutations. ource: Cornell Universit u
INVISTA Professor of Chemical and Biomolecular engineering at NC State and the paper corresponding author. e show here an inexpensive and environmentally responsible method to make effective antimicrobials with biomaterial cores. he researchers used the nanoparticles
which are critical to the development of heart tissue. his spatial differentiation happens in biology naturally,
and biology research because it can reveal how molecules stick together. It widely utilized in an eclectic collection of fields spanning anthropology, fuel science, physiology and meteorology.
an electrical engineer whose work often concerns the semiconductor industry. ut wee also excited for the huge number of people who can now use this technique in chemistry and biology.
as measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. CONCLUSIONS: Bone marrow-derived MSC sheets improved cardiac function and attenuated LV remodeling in ICM without major complications,
which is surprising as lipids have important roles in biology, but these roles are difficult to identify The researchers have identified a connection between the formation of a membrane pore by the virus and a cellular repair mechanism.
The latest breakthrough comes from Lu collaboration with Kai Tan at the University of Iowa, a systems biologist and associate professor of internal medicine.
and that are so short that the biomolecule structure is imaged before it is destroyed. This capability allowed the team to create the three-dimensional image of the arrestin-rhodopsin complex at an atomic level a much higher resolution than is possible with conventional X-ray technologyfemtosecond X-ray pulses are almost unfathomably brief.
said that the research is a significant step forward in bringing the power of CRISPR/Cas9 editing to human biology
(or nock in specific new sequences to correct mutations in T cells. As will be reported online in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences during the week of July 27
#Scientists create functional liver cells from stem cells Major implications for liver biology and drug discovery The liver plays a critical role in human metabolism.
can detect the toxic effect of over a dozen drugs with greater than 97%accuracy. he implications for liver biology
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