and John Kessler, the Ken and Ruth Davee Professor of Stem Cell biology at the Feinberg School of medicine, the localized electroporation device (LEPD) can be applied to adherent cells,
"Non-destructive manipulation of cells over time and in the correct environment is a key enabling technology highly needed within the biology and medical research communities,
and that incorporation of other factors may improve the ability to select for patients with favorable tumor biology regardless of size who stand to benefit from liver transplantation.
her unknown mutation sparked an international gene hunt. Comparing her genome to others with OMS and Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA),
Together, the team identified mutations in the PNPLA6 gene in families with retinal degeneration. This is the 20th gene associated with LCA and the first associated with OMS.
no one had identified that mutations in this gene can lead to retinal degeneration--until now. To better understand the role of this gene,
They observed that some lipids were elevated in fruit flies with the PNPLA6 mutation, which led them to conclude that PNPLA6 affects phospholipid metabolism.
This novel insight about the role of phospholipid metabolism in photoreceptor biology paves the way for new sight-saving treatments.
They are currently generating animal models of this mutation, which will be essential to study how manipulating phospholipids could generate innovative strategies to treat blindness n
Targeted biological therapy can reduce toxicity and improve outcomes for many cancer patients, when compared to the adverse effects of standard chemotherapeutic drugs.
Complex, 3d micro/nanostructures are ubiquitous in biology, where they provide essential functions in even the most basic forms of life.
Henggui Zhang, Professor of Biological Physics at The University of Manchester and lead author of the study,
Tracy C. Grikscheit MD a principal investigator in The Saban Research Institute of CHLA and its Developmental biology and Regenerative medicine program is also a pediatric surgeon at Children's Hospital Los angeles and an assistant professor of surgery at the Keck School of medicine
Lewis and North eastern biology pro fessor Slava Epstein co-`authored the paper with col leagues from the Uni ver sity of Bonn in Ger many, Novo Bi
Current tests rely on the detection of Ebola genome by the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique which is not suitable for on-site screening.
#Tracking subtle brain mutations systematically Described in the January 7th issue of Neuron, the technique uses"deep,
one of several kinds of so-called somatic mutations that can arise as the brain develops.
The technique picks up somatic mutations that affect just a fraction of the brain's cells, in a"mosaic"pattern.
"showing when during brain development the mutations arise and how they spread through brain tissue as the mutated cells grow,
replicate and migrate, carrying the mutation with them.""There is a lot of genetic diversity from one neuron to the other,
and this work gets at how somatic mutations are distributed in the brain, "says Christopher Walsh, MD, Phd, chief of Genetics and Genomics at Boston Children's and co-senior author on the paper."
"Some mutations may occur on one side of the brain and not the other. Some may be clumped,'affecting just one gyrus fold of the brain,
Somatic brain mutations, affecting just pockets of cells can be harmful, and have been suggested as a possible cause of neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism,
because they suggest that every normal brain may in fact be a mosaic patchwork of focal somatic mutations,
whether somatic mutations may be the cause.""Finally, says Evrony, the findings provide a proof-of-principle for a systematic way of studying how brain cells disperse
which detects somatic retrotransposon mutations in single-cell sequencing data. Mirroring these findings, study published by Walsh's lab in 2014 used single-neuron sequencing to detect copy number variants--another type of mutation affecting the number of copies of chromosomes or chromosome fragments.
The study found that these mutations can occur in both normal and neurologically diseased brains s
#Nanowire clothing could keep people warm without heating everything else To stay warm when temperatures drop outside,
That was the first description of hevin's function in the nervous system said Eroglu an assistant professor of cell biology and neurobiology and a member of the Duke Institute for Brain sciences.
Other authors include Sagar Patel Jonnathan Singh Alvarado Osman Calhan Il Hwan Kim Akiyoshi Uezu and Scott Soderling of Duke's Cell biology Department;
Louis-Jan Pilaz and Debra Silver of Duke's Molecular genetics and Microbiology Department; and Daniel Wilton and Beth Stevens of Boston Children's Hospital Department of Neurology Harvard Medical school.
#Researchers uncover key cancer-promoting gene One of the mysteries in cancer biology is how one protein,
Previous research has shown that CRISPR can generate genomic changes or mutations through these interventions far more efficiently than other gene editing techniques such as TALEN short for transcription activator-like effector nuclease.
However when using these genome editing tools for replacing portions of the genes such as the disease-causing mutations in JAK2
It can be designed to target only the mutation-containing gene without affecting the healthy gene in patients where only one copy of a gene is affected.
Reported in the January 2015 issue of Nature Cell biology, their surprising new findings identify two transcription factors--the glucocorticoid receptor (GR)
and that involve previously unsuspected biological pathways. Perhaps most importantly, we found that these pathways work completely in the nucleus of the cell by regulating the expression of key target genes,
and this type of intergenerational event almost certainly develops in the nucleus."Epigenomic modifications refer to changes in the structure of DNA that are distinct from mutations
This interaction by SCFA and T-cells surprised co-investigators Fengchun Ye, assistant professor of biological sciences at the Case Western Reserve University School of dental medicine,
and Jonathan Karn, director of the Center for Aids Research and professor and chair of the Department of Molecular biology and Microbiology at Case Western Reserve's medical school.
but also following patient responses to therapy said Mitchell the paper's corresponding author and professor of Pathology Microbiology and Immunology.
Robust mutation panels vastly improve monitoring since cancer cells are constantly deleting chromosomal DNA and liquid biopsies with only one or two mutations will allow cancer cell escape variants to go undetected he said.
Since the entire genome was surveyed the researchers were able to identify a non-coding region of the genome as a hotspot which may be generating previously unrecognized chromosomal control elements in prostate cancer.
When light is shined into living biological tissue breathing and blood flow changes the optical interference or speckle pattern
To overcome this obstacle the team used a fast-responding photorefractive crystal that is sensitive to light at the 790-nanometer wavelength making it suitable to focus light deep into biological tissue.
The improved speed allowed Wang to achieve the first optical focusing of diffuse light inside a scattering medium containing living biological tissue.
Developing preemptive strategies while the drugs are still in the design phase will give scientists a head start on the next line of compounds that will be effective despite the germ's resistance mutations.
Until now scientists trying to predict the genetic changes that would enable a bacterium to evade a particular drug have had to look up possible mutations from libraries of resistance mutations that have been observed previously.
With a new drug there is always the possibility that the organism will develop different mutations that had never been seen before.
Will they be the same old mutations we've seen before or might the bacteria do new things instead?
From a ranked list of possible mutations the researchers zeroed in on four tiny differences known as single nucleotide polymorphisms
Though none of the mutations they identified had been reported previously experiments with live bacteria in the lab showed their predictions were right.
When the scientists treated MRSA with the new drugs and sequenced the bacteria that survived more than half of the surviving colonies carried the predicted mutation that conferred the greatest resistance--a tiny change that reduced the drugs'effectiveness by 58-fold.
The fact that we actually found the new predicted mutations in bacteria is very exciting Donald said.
The researchers are now using their algorithm to predict resistance mutations to other drugs designed to combat pathogens like E coli and Enterococcus.
We might even be able to coax a pathogen into developing mutations that enable it to evade one drug
Their computational approach could be especially useful for forecasting drug resistance mutations in other diseases such as cancer HIV
and more affordable way to examine biomolecular behavior opening the door for scientists in virtually any laboratory worldwide to join the quest for creating better drugs.
Biomolecular interaction analysis a cornerstone of biomedical research is accomplished traditionally using equipment that can cost hundreds of thousands of dollars said Wyss Associate Faculty member Wesley P. Wong Ph d. senior author
and report how molecules behave enabling biological measurements to be made by almost anyone using only common and inexpensive laboratory reagents.
Wong who is also Assistant professor at Harvard Medical school in the Departments of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology and Pediatrics and Investigator at the Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine at Boston Children's Hospital calls the new
and measure the ratio of open DNA nanoswitches vs. their closed counterparts through gel electrophoresis a simple lab procedure already in use in most laboratories that uses electrical currents to push DNA strands
which is a staggering comparison to the cost of conventional equipment used to test biomolecular interactions.
Wesley and his team are committed to making an impact on the way biomolecular research is done at a fundamental level as is evidenced by their efforts to make this technology accessible to labs everywhere said Wyss Institute Founding Director Donald Ingber M d. Ph d. who is also the Judah Folkman
Professor of Vascular Biology at Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical school and a Professor of Bioengineering at Harvard SEAS.
Biomedical researchers all over the world can start using this new method right away to investigate how biological compounds interact with their targets using commonly-available supplies at very low cost t
and further groups from Freiburg and Hungary has refuted a long-held assumption in biology: The scientists have shown that it is not only possible to extend the functions of organelles--organs of the cell
The biosynthesis of proteins can be controlled by a blueprint in the form of plasmid DNA.
This is a fundamentally new approach for biology, biotechnology, and medicine,"says Schiller. With the help of chemical reactions that were previously impossible in the cell,
He heads a research group at the Center for Systems Biology (ZBSA) of the University of Freiburg that combines chemical biology, organic synthesis, synthetic biology,
and the Cluster of Excellence BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies of the University of Freiburg
which now contains detailed information on 12,122 species and 2, 440 experts on biological invasions in Europe.
when assessing the health, economic and ecological hazards,"estimates the biologist Dr. Stefan Klotz of the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research.
"It was planned originally to limit the list of species to be combated actively to 50,"reports Professor of Biology Ingolf Kühn from the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research."
Mr. Goldstein originally came to the Feinstein Institute as a molecular biologist working with cells chemicals and drugs.
if a complete treatment can be achieved said John March professor of biological and environmental engineering at Cornell University and the paper's senior author.
This method is a new tool for cell biologists and neuroscientists to use to address questions ranging from fundamental mechanisms in cell biology to the underlying causes of mental illness to the discovery of novel therapeutics.
The results are published in the January 26th issue of Nature Methods. Proteins control essentially all biological processes in a cell
and while they may sometimes act alone proteins most often interact with other proteins to carry out their normal biological functions.
and engineering them to be biosensors that change their color in response to specific biological events Campbell has provided a tool for researchers to immediately pinpoint a major change at the cellular level minimizing the need for extensive biosensor optimization and providing
It will be immediately relevant to many areas of fundamental cell biology research and practical applications such as drug discovery.
Dr. Melanie Mormile professor of biological sciences at Missouri S&t and her team discovered the bacterium Halanaerobium hydrogeninformans in Soap Lake Washington.
In her first single-author article Mormile's findings were featured in the Nov 19 edition of Frontiers in Microbiology.
and Joint Curators'Professor of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology at the University of Missouri-Columbia and her former lab members Matthew Begemann and Dwayne Elias. A pending patent application submitted along with Elias;
#How cancer turns good cells to the dark side A new computational study by researchers at the Rice-based Center for Theoretical Biological Physics shows how cancer cells take advantage of the system by
The first clues biologists had to notch-delta signaling came a century ago in studies of the wing formation of fruit flies.
This finding opens up new avenues for research in this disease by giving new clues about the biological mechanisms involved.
Given the likelihood that thousands of variants are involved large scale international efforts such as in this study are an important step in unravelling this genetic and biological complexity so as to develop new and better treatments.
By working together in large collaborative projects we can tackle these types of problems and further our understanding of the biology of the brain.
Until now, a melanoma's rampant growth was attributed mainly to genetic causes, such as mutations in certain genes.
malignant metastatic formation of melanoma, was previously put down to the high mutation rate that is characteristic of melanoma,
researchers from the Keck School of medicine of the University of Southern California (USC) led a global consortium of 190 institutions to identify eight common genetic mutations that appear to age the brain an average of three years.
if the genetic mutations are implicated in disease. The ENIGMA researchers screened millions of"spelling differences"in the genetic code to see which ones affected the size of key parts of the brain in magnetic resonance images (MRIS) from 30,717 individuals.
People who carry one of those eight mutations had, on average, smaller brain regions than brains without a mutation but of comparable age;
Calcium carbonate platelets('bricks')alternate with soft biopolymer layers('mortar'.'While the solid platelets serve as the load bearing
Understanding this biology is necessary to move toward better treatment and prevention options for stress-related psychiatric and medical conditions
and drug resistance than many current drugs says Douglas Robinson Ph d. a professor of cell biology in the Institute for Basic Biomedical sciences at Johns hopkins university School of medicine.
However they used a biological technology for this purpose that they developed and published in Nature Protocols three years ago.
and clinicians led to the discovery of a human genetic disorder with severe consequences that is linked to a mutation in the human NGLY1 gene.
In a big step towards understanding the effects of this mutation research by scientists at the RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research center in Japan implicates the enzyme ENGASE as the factor responsible for deficient protein degradation that occurs in the absence
People with the NGLY1 mutation have many severe symptoms from delayed development and epilepsy to abnormal liver function
if the abnormal aggregation of this type of glycoprotein is somehow related to them it is tempting to speculate that inhibition of ENGASE activity may serve as a therapeutic target for patients carrying mutations in the NGLY1 gene.
It is shorter than any insulin that has been described in any animal said senior author Baldomero M. Olivera a distinguished professor of biology at the University of Utah.
or biomolecules also display strong absorption lines at this boundary between near and mid-wavelength infrared.
and controlled for thereby allowing relevant biological signals to be identified more easily. We've defined how factors such as cell-cycle stage measurement noise
so you can reveal the underlying biology explains Oliver Stegle Research Group Leader at EMBL-EBI.
Unfortunately in biology that's right where things get interesting says Boyden who is a member of MIT's Media Lab and Mcgovern Institute for Brain Research.
And the cast itself is swollen unimpeded by the original biological structure Tillberg says. The MIT team imaged this cast with commercially available confocal microscopes commonly used for fluorescent imaging
There are lots of biological questions where you have to understand a large structure Boyden says. Especially for the brain you have to be able to image a large volume of tissue
helps explain the biologic basis of these diseases and suggests targets for drug treatments and gene therapy, said Daiger, the report's senior author and holder of the Thomas Stull Matney Ph d. Endowed Professorship in Environmental and Genetic sciences at UTHEALTH School of Public health."
"The challenge now is to block the activity of these mutations and clinical trials are underway to do just that,
This means that only one parent needs the mutation in order to pass the disease to a child.
"The story of the HK1 mutation is itself interesting. What we found is a mutation present in families from Louisiana, Canada and Sicily.
Our evidence suggests the mutation arose in a common ancestor who lived centuries ago, "Daiger said."
"The mutation spread in Europe and North america, and may be common among Acadians in Louisiana. This is called a founder mutation
#Ancient'genomic parasites'spurred evolution of pregnancy in mammals An international team of scientists has identified large-scale genetic changes that marked the evolution of pregnancy in mammals.
They found thousands of genes that evolved to be expressed in the uterus in early mammals,
"Lynch and his colleagues note their findings represent a novel explanation for how entirely new biological structures
if you sequence someone's genome you can tell what diseases they're going have 50 years later said Mark Davis Phd professor of microbiology and immunology and director of Stanford's Institute for Immunity Transplantation and Infection.
Holden Maecker Phd associate professor of microbiology and immunology and director of Stanford's Human Immune Monitoring Center;
Information about Stanford's Department of Microbiology and Immunology which also supported the work is available at http://microimmuno. stanford. edu
the study is directed by Erwin Wagner head of the BBVA Foundation-CNIO Cancer cell Biology Program.
The high penetration of X-rays is favoured for three-dimensional tomographic imaging of objects such as biological cells
Mutations or imbalances in the noncoding RNA repertoire within the body can therefore cause a variety of diseases such as cancer.
hyperactive mutations of which are often found in acute myeloid leukemia. Dr. Hirano and his collaborators at the School of medicine in Juntendo University showed that CCDC26 transcript levels are high in the nuclear fraction of human myeloid leukemia cell lines.
#Intelligent bacteria for detecting disease Another step forward has just been taken in the area of synthetic biology.
This is where biological systems come into play. Living cells are real nanomachines that can detect and process many signals
Jérôme Bonnet's team in Montpellier's Centre for Structural Biochemistry (CBS) had the idea of using concepts from synthetic biology derived from electronics to construct genetic systems making it possible to"programme"living cells like a computer.
Several clock gene mutations have been identified in people with disorders that involve the timing of the biological clock,
'said Chien Ho, the alumni rofessor of biological sciences at Carnegie mellon.''When the drugs collect in those organs,
shape and orientation, said the paper's senior author, Michael Levin, Ph d.,Vannevar bush professor of biology and director of the Tufts Center for Regenerative and Developmental biology."
and developmental biology, said the paper's first author, Daniel Lobo, Ph d, . postdoctoral fellow in the Levin lab. To address this challenge,
Tufts biologists devloped an algorithm that used evolutionary computation to produce regulatory networks able to"evolve"to accurately predict the results of published research on planarian regeneration.
and bring an unusual perspective to the field of developmental biology. Levin majored in computer science and biology at Tufts before earning his Ph d. in genetics.
Lobo earned a Ph d. in the field before joining the Levin lab. The paper represents a successful application of the growing field of"robot science
which is still the gold standard in the health care industry for making a definitive diagnosis. Also routinely used today is a newer method for rapidly identifying bacteria based on a DNA-analysis technique called quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr),
The researchers analyzed microarray data of samples from German patients and from an IPF cohort of the Lung Tissue Research Consortium in the U s. The analysis revealed elevated levels of the protein FKBP10
"says co-senior study investigator and NYU Langone cell biologist Susan Schwab, Phd. Schwab, an assistant professor at NYU Langone and its Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, says similar laboratory test plans are underway for more potent CXCR4 antagonists, most likely in combination with established chemotherapy regimens.
She notes that anti-CXCR4 drugs are already in preliminary testing for treating certain forms of myeloid leukemia,
Co-senior study investigator and cancer biologist Iannis Aifantis, Phd, says the study offers the first evidence that"drugs targeting
"The ability to precisely control droplets using fluidic computation could have a number of applications in high-throughput biology and chemistry,
#Stem cell discovery paves way for targeted treatment for osteoarthritis Researchers in the Departments of Biology and Physics at York,
said Ek Han Tan, a postdoctoral researcher in the UC Davis Department of Plant Biology and first author on the paper.
and biological systems at the atomic level with high efficiency is a current roadblock to solving many of today's greatest scientific challenges in energy,
"explained Professor Andreas Diefenbach of the Department of Medical microbiology and Hygiene of the Mainz University Medical center.
inspired by biological chromatophores, which creates patterns that change and morph over time and mimic biological patterning.
Arraythe researchers have shown the artificial skin, made from electroactive dielectric elastomer, a soft, compliant smart material, can effectively copy the action of biological chromatophores.
Chromatophores are pigmented small cells embedded on cephalopods skin which can expand and contract and that work together to change skin colour and texture.
"said Lee Kerkhof, a professor of marine and coastal sciences in the School of Environmental and Biological sciences."
"Biology is a way to solve this contamination problem, especially in situations like this where the radionuclides are diluted highly
we begin to understand more about the biology of the disease itself. This study tells us more about the biology of ovarian cancer from the early development stage than most research has.'
'Ovarian cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer in American women and seventh most common cancer in women throughout the world (World health organization.
enabling in-situ measurements in various security and health relevant fields including biology, medicine, food control, and pharmacy.
and will lead to new candidates for biological and medical applications, and new production routes for enzymes of industrial use."
and ink-jet printing of biomolecules has been proposed previously by scientists. However, the heat-sensitive nature of these unstable compounds means printed materials rapidly lose functionality,
"We believe we have identified a mechanism that seizes the cancer's biological engine and could potentially stop it in its tracks."
Cancer researchers had known that mutations in AIM2 were frequently found in patients with colorectal cancers.
And a study by other researchers had found that more than half of small bowel tumors had AIM2 mutations.
especially in those who have mutations in the AIM2 gene, by simply giving them'good'microbiota.''
But scientists have suspected also these small cruciforms--a structure of DNA itself--to be linked to mutations that can elevate cancer risk.
and under in a reference database of mutations in human cancer that are somatic, meaning not inherited.
built by the short inverted repeats, mark the spots for chromosome breaks, mutations, and potentially initiate cancer development.'
According to Paul Okano, program director at the Division of Cancer Biology of the National Cancer Institute,
'The focus of Dr. Vasquez'research on the mechanisms of alternate DNA structure-induced mutations, DNA breaks,
'COSMIC is maintained a database by the Sanger Institute in the U k. of mutations found in human somatic, or noninheritable cancer.'
'Our next steps are to go forward with a mouse model that can detect mutations and translocations in the mouse genome using human sequences from these cancer breakpoints,
'The research was supported by Cancer Research UK, the Wellcome Trust and the Biotechnology and Biological sciences Research Council UK K
a biological feature used to measure the presence or progress of a disease. To take the test,
"explained Herr, a Phd in the Department of Cell biology.""You want to know which molecules are located precisely where,
and material science students present this novel approach for the reproducible biosynthesis of extracellular, water-soluble QDS in the July 1 issue of the journal Green Chemistry.
"While biosynthesis of structural materials is established relatively well, harnessing nature to create functional inorganic materials will provide a pathway to a future environmentally friendly biomanufacturing based economy.
"says lead investigator Agneta Richter-Dahlfors, professor of cellular microbiology.""The sensing component of the artificial neuron senses a change in chemical signals in one dish,
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011