but had a much stronger photocurrent enough to shut down neural activity. his exemplifies how the genomic diversity of the natural world can yield powerful reagents that can be of use in biology and neuroscience,
says Garret Stuber, an assistant professor of psychiatry and cell biology and physiology at the University of North carolina at Chapel hill. n animals with larger brains,
The new approach, described May 18 in Nature Methods, could also help neuroscientists learn more about the biological basis of brain disorders. e don really know
and the Center for RNA Therapeutics and Biology e
#Chemotherapy timing is key to success MIT researchers have devised a novel cancer treatment that destroys tumor cells by first disarming their defenses,
a professor of systems biology at the Technical University of Denmark who was not part of the research team. he latter is vital,
and a member of MIT departments of biological engineering and of biology, Center for Environmental Health Sciences,
The researchers also anticipate that it could help scientists learn more about tumor biology. As opposed to just studying the genetic profile of tumor cells this could also reveal how they re interacting with the stroma that surrounds the tumor.
The researchers are now working on sensors that could be used to monitor other biological properties such as ph. We hope this is the first of many types of solid-state contrast agents where the material responds to its chemical environment in such a way that we can detect it by MRI Cima says.
(and wearing) bionic leg prostheses that he says emulate nature mimicking the functions and power of biological knees ankles and calves.
Initially developed by Herr s research group Biom s prosthesis dubbed the Biom T2 System simulates a biological ankle
#Erasing a genetic mutation Using a new gene-editing system based on bacterial proteins MIT researchers have cured mice of a rare liver disorder caused by a single genetic mutation.
and others that are caused by single mutations. Scientists have developed other gene-editing systems based on DNA-slicing enzymes also known as nucleases
Disease correctionfor this study the researchers designed three GUIDE RNA strands that target different DNA sequences near the mutation that causes type I tyrosinemia in a gene that codes for an enzyme called FAH.
which respond to their environment produce complex biological molecules and span multiple length scales with the benefits of nonliving materials
I think this is really fantastic work that represents a great integration of synthetic biology and materials engineering says Lingchong You an associate professor of biomedical engineering at Duke university who was not part of the research team.
Based on Lu graduate school research at MIT, the assay uses biological particles called bacteriophages, or phages,
or polymerase chain reactions (PCR, which copies DNA) may be efficient in one area, but lacking in the other two.
and for other means across other industries. hages are the most abundant biological particle On earth.
With the assay, Lu says Sample6 hopes to bring synthetic biology, and specifically phages, to microbial detection across many fields.
We want ultimately to democratize the use of synthetic biology in the real world he says i
Theye also used as biological probes to image cancer and to study processes inside cells,
Pentelute envisions that the technology could have an impact on synthetic biology comparable to rapid synthesis of short strands of DNA and RNA.
Strano and the paper lead author, postdoc and plant biologist Juan Pablo Giraldo, envision turning plants into self-powered, photonic devices such as detectors for explosives or chemical weapons.
Giraldo says. his is a marvelous demonstration of how nanotechnology can be coupled with synthetic biology to modify
Giraldo says. t an opportunity for people from plant biology and the chemical engineering nanotechnology community to work together in an area that has a large potential.
That decoupling of the two parameters he says is something that biologists had observed in real fish.
Video Melanie Gonick All of our algorithms and control theory are designed pretty much with the idea that we ve got rigid systems with defined joints says Barry Trimmer a biology professor at Tufts University who specializes in biomimetic soft robots.
MIT cancer biologists have discovered now that certain proteins in this structure, known as the extracellular matrix, help cancer cells make their escape.
Microbiologists have taken rarely into account fluid flow as an ecological parameter whereas physicists have started just recently to pay attention to microbes he says adding:
or it could be that you re interrogating a biological sample and too much light could damage it.
but other biological systems are the same. There could also be remote-sensing applications where you may want to look at something
#Biologists ID new cancer weakness About half of all cancer patients have a mutation in a gene called p53
A new study from MIT biologists has found that tumor cells with mutated p53 can be made much more vulnerable to chemotherapy by blocking another gene called MK2.
and potentially useful approach for others to use says Titia de Lange a professor of cell biology
and an author of a paper describing the findings in the Oct 31 online edition of the journal Biology & Chemistry.
because they can interact with so many different biomolecules Radford says. By targeting specific cellular organelles with the same therapeutic molecules we can learn a lot about how the cells respond to a given compound
Mutations in the gene for calcineurin have previously been found in some schizophrenia patients. Ten years ago MIT researchers led by Susumu Tonegawa the Picower Professor of Biology
and Neuroscience created mice lacking the gene for calcineurin in the forebrain; these mice displayed several behavioral symptoms of schizophrenia including impaired short-term memory attention deficits and abnormal social behavior.
However, in recent years neuroscientists have shown in animal models that it is possible to reverse the debilitating effects of these gene mutations.
whether different gene mutations disrupt common physiological processes. If this were the case, a treatment developed for one genetic cause of autism
Current research indicates that well over 100 distinct gene mutations can manifest as intellectual disability and autism.
Fang says, of biomolecules placed on the hybrid material surface. Sheng Shen, an assistant professor of mechanical engineering at Carnegie mellon University who was involved not in this research,
and other biological components. n the biological domain, there are various molecules and atoms in contact with one another, sliding along like biomolecular motors,
as a result of friction or lack of friction, Gangloff says. o this intuition for how to arrange atoms so as to minimize
from the nanoscale to the macroscale. he applications and related impact of their novel method propels a huge variety of research fields investigating effects relevant from raft tectonics down to biological systems
While this can be achieved through biological conversion (using bacteria to convert the nitrate to nitrogen gas),
and induce negative biological effects. However until this study their effect on the development of atherosclerosis has been largely unknown.
This reality leads to increased human exposure and interaction of silica-based nanoparticles with biological systems.
and Chemical Biology and Professor Walter Kolch in Systems Biology Ireland synthesised nanorods with a long iron segment coated with polyethylene glycol
and biological materials said Kong a graduate student in mechanical and aerospace engineering. Kong the lead author of the Oct 31 article describing the current work in the journal Nano Letters said that the contact lens project on the other hand involved the printing of active electronics using diverse materials.
or biological cells or to create antennas or photonic components. For this work we focused on creating nanostructures using photosensitive polymers
The research team received funding for their study from the Israel Ministry of Science and Technology the European Research Council and the Biotechnology and Biological sciences Research Council.
#A gut reaction Queen's university biologist Virginia Walker and Queen's SARC Awarded Postdoctoral Fellow Pranab Das have shown nanosilver
and surface biology of the body's own platelets they are able to accelerate natural healing processes
Xin Zhang research associate in the Division of Biology; and Jianzhen Zhang visiting scientist from Shanxi University in China developed the technology:
of 2 nm creating a powerful and versatile nanoscale imaging tool with exciting promise and potential for the materials and biological sciences.
Even in its present form the techniques demonstrated here can revolutionize nanoscale imaging in realms far beyond materials science including electronics and biology.
Froeter devised a way to mount the microtubes on glass slides, the standard for biological cultures.
You get a different biology chemistry and physics than you do with bigger things. And that's really attractive to scientists.
whereas others can be made in the lab sometimes from complex biological molecules. No says Graham.
You can attach biomolecules like proteins or DNA to them and make them change properties
or even individual cells and they are able to navigate through complex biological fluids. In the 1966 movie Fantastic Voyage a submarine complete with crew is shrunk in size
However because the researchers have in the long term set their sights on using the device in biological media they tested their swimmer directly in appropriate model fluids.
The scientists who have published their work in Nature Communications want to put their micro-swimmers to the test in specific biological fluids.
and other biological systems.""The results of this study were reported in Nano Letters in a paper titled"Graphene nanopore with a Self-Integrated Optical Antenna. e
This interfacial layer is critical to our understanding of a diverse set of phenomena from biology to materials science.
Moreover graphene is nontoxic to biological systems an improvement over previous research into transparent electrical contacts that are much thicker rigid difficult to manufacture and reliant on potentially toxic metal alloys.
The technique known as density gradient ultracentrifugation is a decades-old process used to separate biomolecules.
and designed said Peng Yin senior author of the paper Wyss core faculty member and Assistant professor of Systems Biology at Harvard Medical school.
a field that uses biology to develop new tools for science, technology and medicine. The new study, published in print today in the journal Nano Letters,
demonstrates how stable'lipid membranes'the thin'skin'that surrounds all biological cells can be applied to synthetic surfaces.
Importantly, the new technique can use these lipid membranes to'draw'akin to using them like a biological ink with a resolution of 6 nanometres (6 billionths of a meter),
and promises the ability to position functional biological molecules such as those involved in taste, smell,
"explained Professor Evans. Aside from biological applications, this area of research could revolutionise renewable energy production. Working in collaboration with researchers at the University of Sheffield,
the researchers will be able to arbitrarily swap out the biological units and replace them with synthetic components to create a new generation of solar cells.
"This is part of the emerging field of synthetic biology, whereby engineering principles are being applied to biological parts
whether it is for energy capture, or to create artificial noses for the early detection of disease
#New absorber will lead to better biosensors Biological sensors or biosensors are like technological canaries in the coalmine.
By converting a biological response into an optical or electrical signal they can alert us to dangers in our external and internal environments.
to computer logic architectures that replicate the versatility and response time of a biological neural network.""While more investigation needs to be done,
silicon nanoparticles may one day serve as easily detectable"tags"for tracking nanosized substances in biological, environmental or other dynamic systems s
Because the toxicity of carbon nanotubes in biological applications remains an open question Pasquali said the fewer one uses the better.
#Single unlabelled biomolecules can be detected through light Being able to track individual biomolecules and observe them at work is every biochemist's dream.
Their optical biosensor for single unlabelled molecules could also be a breakthrough in the development of biochips:
Our understanding of fundamental life processes was made first possible by knowledge of how individual biomolecules interact with each other.
In cells, nanomachines such as ribosomes and DNA polymerases stitch individual molecules together to form complex biological structures such as proteins and DNA molecules, the repositories of genetic information.
and it can interfere with the function of the biological nanomachines. Although light can be used to detect unlabelled biomolecules,
the approach cannot be used to detect single DNA molecules, as the interaction of light waves with the molecule is too weak.
The gain in signal is then sufficient to detect single biomolecules, such as DNA fragments. The Erlangen-based researchers did precisely that.
The researchers also needed a platform on which biological components, like br, could survive and connect with the titanium dioxide catalyst:
merged with biology, can create new sources of clean energy. Her team's discovery may provide future consumers a biologically-inspired alternative to gasoline."
Saraf, a professor of chemical and biomolecular engineering said he envisions a stethoscope-like device that a doctor would press across a patient's chest to image the buried palpable structure.
and the current in the channel is modulated by the binding between embedded receptor molecules and the charged target biomolecules to
Moreover the channel length of Mos2 FET biosensor can be scaled down to the dimensions similar to those of small biomolecules such as DNA
which can lead to high sensitivity even for detection of single quanta of these biomolecular species she added.
But a novel protein nanoparticle developed by Peter Burkhard, a professor in the Department of Molecular & Cell biology, in collaboration with David Lanar
an expert in structural biology affiliated with UCONN's Institute of Materials science.""With RTS, S, only about 14 percent of the vaccine's protein is from the malaria parasite.
Halas said the squid skin research team which includes marine biologists Roger Hanlon of the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole Mass
In addition this research has the potential to inform the creation of living microbial circuits forming the foundation of hybrid biological-synthetic electronic devices.
Researchers use gold substrate to allow for electron cryomicroscopy on difficult proteins More information: Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 nanowires are outer membrane and periplasmic extensions of the extracellular electron transport components PNAS www. pnas. org/cgi/doi/10.1073
Probing such delicate biological samples with light allows us to watch these dancing molecules for hours without changing
The Group published in the last issue of Advanced Functional Materials an article describing a flexible biological field-effect transistor (Biofet) for use in biosensing.
and behave like smart, soft biological material, and integrate it with cells and cellular networks at the whole-tissue level.
ultraflexible electronics into the brain and allow them to become fully integrated with the existing biological web of neurons.
and Chemical Biology at Rutgers University adding that the research is really a nice piece of work.
the team used an advanced version of a polarised light microscope based at the Marine Biological Laboratory, USA,
Strategic Energy resources Ltd and an expert in polarized light imaging, Dr. Rudolf Oldenbourg from the Marine Biological Laboratory, USA,
and in environmental and biological sciences. Future studies using these techniques at NSLS-II -which will produce x-rays 10,000 times brighter than those at NSLS-will have even greater resolution
"Halas, the Stanley C. Moore Professor in Electrical and Computer engineering and a professor of biomedical engineering, chemistry, physics and astronomy at Rice, said the potential applications for SECARS include chemical and biological sensing as well as metamaterials research.
if the biomolecules are close to the hot spots Therefore, the molecules have to be trapped to be detected.
The size of these nanoparticles their dynamic character and the fact that the reactions take place under normal biological conditions (at ambient temperature
and plays important roles in natural environments, particularly inside biological nanochannels. Professor Lei Jiang and his group from State Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, set out to study this unified bionic frontier.
Jiang expatiated the confined water that exists in one-dimensional micro/nano composite structures in detail, particularly inside biological nanochannels.
biological ion channels played key roles for high efficient energy conversion in organisms due to its nanoscale effect and ion selectivity.
cheaper chips and computers inspired by biological brains in that they could perform many tasks at the same time.
and will thus make the detailed study of representative volumes of biological tissue and materials science specimens possible in future.
where they enable three-dimensional imaging for a vast array of applicationsranging from biological tissue, technical devices such as catalysts, fossils to antique works of art.
especially with sensitive objects such as biological materials,"explains Holler.""This effect is reduced vastly through cooling,
In biological materials it could locate the attachment of chemical agents or particles that are bound to a cell and aid in the study of protein dynamics.
In biological applications we expect it to provide an order of magnitude improvement in the ability to investigate processes such as protein dynamics.
"We look to Nature for inspiration to build man-made molecular systems that mimic the sophisticated nanoscale machineries developed in living biological systems,
which is used for as a key cofactor for biosynthesis. Remaking this enzyme pair in the test tube
When University of Illinois Associate professor of Chemical and Biomolecular engineering Hyunjoon Kong graduate student Cartney Smith and colleagues set out to improve MR imaging (MRI) they turned current contrast agent technology on its head
Kong is also a member of the Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering research theme at the Institute for Genomic Biology.
Kong Smith and colleagues tackled these challenges by using interactions between naturally occurring biomolecules as a guide.
10.1021/la500412r) Kong and Smith developed a process for chemically cross-linking the components of the nanoparticle that prolonged the life of the nanoparticles in biological conditions.
and analyzing changes in their physical properties said Rimer Ernest J. and Barbara M. Henley Assistant professor of Chemical and Biomolecular engineering at UH.
and precisely controlled micromirrors to shine light on a selected area of a solution containing photosensitive biopolymers and cells.
He talks about something I am paraphrasing (more deadly than nuclear chemical or biological war.
#Women's Breasts Age Way Faster Than The Rest Of Their Bodies A new technique for identifying the precise biological age of human tissue reveals that not all tissues grow old at the same rate.
Horvath developed a way to determine the biological age of different tissues in the body by looking at DNA methylation a chemical alteration of genes that#has been suggested by#previous studies to be a potential biomarker for a cell's age.
For the most part his method accurately tied the biological age (the age predicted from the person's DNA) to the chronological age of the donor.
#The study is online in Genome Biology o
#Mega-Canyon Discovered Beneath Greenland Ice Sheet A previously unknown canyon has been discovered in Greenland hidden beneath the ice.
A team of biologists has found how to make a material that insects aren't able to walk on.
In addition the biologists found plants'surface chemistry didn't matter to insect foot traction just plants'cuticle structure.
Breitbart's approach has spawned a new branch of biology called metagenomics which researchers use to sample
But now that cell biologists can see these subtle events they can begin to study why the events happen.
Many animals in biology are repelled by noxious animals â##prey that provide a signal that somehow says'Don't eat
It's unlikely that this clone could develop into a human say the scientists a team of biologists from the U s. and Thailand.
Mitalipov is a biologist who studies cells and development at the Oregon Health and Science University.
So is a biological system with the future potential to develop into a person itself an actual person or not?
Study of embryonic stem cells will further our understanding of developmental biology which will lead to a better understanding of embryogenesis potentially leading to currently unavailable treatments for debilitating congenital disorders
Mutations in the X chromosome cause a person to perceive more or less color which is why men more commonly have congenital colorblindness than women
(if their one X chromosome has a mutation). But the theory stood that if a woman received two mutated X chromosomes she could have four cones instead of the usual three.
I have a mutation Antico said. The more she helps scientists understand tetrachromacy she figures the better they will be able to help people like her daughter.
A silkworm that makes spider proteins could be a gentle little biological silk factory spinning out a super-strong product.
Subsequent research found tensegrities all throughout biology#for instance the human spine relies on both the vertebrae and the muscles tendons and ligaments that surround and support the bones.
The fact that it is biological and flexible means that it may be better than existing materials for integrating into the human body,
#life sciences genomics and synthetic biology;##regenerative medicine;##agri-science;##advanced materials and nanotechnology;##energy and its storage.
a professor of chemistry and chemical biology at Harvard university who was involved not in this work. The research, he says, ombines the work of a leader in theory (Lloyd) and a leader in experiment (Belcher) in a truly multidisciplinary and exciting combination that spans biology to physics to potentially, future technology.?
ccess to controllable excitonic systems is shared a goal by many researchers in the field, Aspuru-Guzik adds. his work provides fundamental understanding that can allow for the development of devices with an increased control of exciton flow. his article is published in collaboration with MIT.
#Biologist creates'self-healing'concrete No matter how carefully it is mixed or reinforced, all concrete eventually cracks,
Jonkers, a microbiologist, began working on it in 2006, when a concrete technologist asked him if it would be possible to use bacteria to make self-healing concrete.
Now Jonkers hopes his concrete could be the start of a new age of biological buildings."
"says Maximina Yun, a regenerative biology researcher at University college London. But she adds:""there are still a few challenges to overcome."
"Yun's work on limb regeneration has focused on the biology of salamanders, which regrow their own limbs readily when needed."
Through her expertise on the biology of salamanders, Yun hopes to one day apply this knowledge to humans.
program manager of the DARPA biological technologies office, in a presentation he gave on Thursday at the Wait, What?
Engineers and biologists from several nations teamed up to build different parts, but for various reasons the robo-pus (octo-bot?)
and the new study is a step in the right direction toward a commercial device. hat has made all of this happen is an interest in biology on the part of engineers,
By using biological materials, we can bring down costs and expend less energy in the manufacturing process.
Drinkwater and his colleagues will pair with biologists and doctors to demonstrate applications that until now,
the researchers unveil how one of a battery of chemical warfare agents used by the immune system to fight off infection can itself create DNA mutations that lead to cancer.
DNA sequencing of a developing gastrointestinal tumor revealed two types of mutation: cytosine (C) bases changing to thymine (T) bases,
the 5clc instead paired with an adenine base around 5 percent of the time a medically relevant mutation frequency, according to Essigmann.
and causes the same kind of mutations seen within cells, Fedeles says. hat gave us confidence that this phenomenon would in fact happen in human cells containing high levels of 5clc.
the C-to-T mutation characteristic of 5clc is extremely common, and is present in more than 50 percent of mutagenic ignatures,
or patterns of DNA mutations, associated with cancerous tumors. e believe that in the context of inflammation-induced damage of DNA,
many of these C-to-T mutations may be caused by 5clc, possibly in correlation with other types of mutations as part of these mutational signatures,
genetic, and structural biology approaches, the researchers have found that 5-chlorocytosine is intrinsically miscoding during DNA replication
and it could give rise to significant frequencies of C-to-T mutation, a type of mutation that is frequently observed in human cancers,
Wang says. Studies of tissue samples of patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease have found significant levels of 5clc,
the researchers predict that accumulation of the lesions would increase the mutation rate of a cell up to 30-fold,
who points to many illustrations in biology and chemistry. e propose that you can use processes of self-assembly for large-scale applications like manufacturing
Mechanical tests on several mutations suggested that natural collagen could be optimized for stiffness and stability.
such as collagen mutations, is currently quite challenging, especially in the chemistry lab. Massively parallel simulation has opened new pathways for materials discovery,
a microbiologist at the Institut pasteur in Paris. hages tend to infect only a very limited number of bacterial strains,
what synthetic biology approaches will bring to medicine in the near future. A targeted strike In this study,
and John van der Oost at Wageningen University, describe the unexpected biological features of this new system
and their natural biological function was described initially in 2010 and 2011. The application of the CRISPR-Cas9 system for mammalian genome editing was reported first in 2013, by Zhang and separately by George Church at Harvard university.
leaving lunt endsthat often undergo mutations as they are rejoined. With the Cpf1 complex the cuts in the two strands are offset, leaving short overhangs on the exposed ends.
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