and organs outside the body to support basic biological research, drug discovery and chemical toxicity testing.
Conventional biological products including collagen sponges require extensive chemical and physical processing to improve their mechanical strength
A challenge is that this processing method causes adverse cell reactions by altering the biological properties of the collagen.
Research into the nature of this process is of significant importance in biology and medical science.
Although research in molecular and cellular biology has gradually shed light on the proteins that form and control the contractile ring, there are many aspects of its self-organizational structure that remain a mystery.
The details of this research were published in the online English science magazine Nature Cell biology on March 23 3
#New technology could speed up lifesaving drug discoveries A team of researchers from our University has developed a revolutionary new biochip device that will lead to a faster
appear in the current issue of ACS Chemical Biology.""These are reported the first small-molecule Hur inhibitors that competitively disrupt Hur-RNA binding
and involved the collaboration of chemists, cancer biologists, computer modeling experts, biochemists and biophysicists at KUOTABLY the labs of Xu, Jeffrey Aubé in the Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Jon Tunge in the Department of chemistry.
The International space station is an international science laboratory in low Earth orbit where astronauts conduct scientific research in biology, human biology, astronomy, meteorology and other fields in a gravity-free environment.
"Rasmussen holds a Phd in chemistry, specialty polymer chemistry, from Virginia Tech and a master's degree in biology, specialty biophysics, from Purdue University.
The study, funded by the Engineering and Physical sciences Research Council and the Biotechnology and Biological sciences Research Council, is published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
"Dr Nicola Stanley-Wall, of the University of Dundee's Division of Molecular Microbiology, said:"
when biologists and physicists work together on a problem of mutual interest.""Explore further: Antibiotics give rise to new communities of harmful bacteria More information:
In a research paper published in the Journal of Cell biology, Alessandro Vindigni, Ph d.,professor in the Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology at Saint louis University
Improper repair of DNA lesions can lead to mutations, abnormal chromosome structures, or loss of genetic information that in turn can cause premature aging, cancer, and genetic abnormalities.
because they often carry mutations in DNA repair genes essential for the repair of these collisions.
"In addition to the paper published in the Journal of Cell biology, the journal also published a discussion that explains Vindigni's work:
Vindigni's group also contributed to a second paper that was published as back-to-back in the same issue of the Journal of Cell biology on the role of a key homologous recombination factor in the formation of reversed replication forks:
"Our technology is now also being adopted widely by many other scientists for a multitude of different applications in many different areas of cells biology in both academic and industrial research.
developed by Albert Einstein College of Medicine biologist Robert Singer, uses fluorescent probes made of DNA
"Single-molecule FISH has made enormous contributions to our understanding of cell biology, "says Zhuang. But what if scientists could simultaneously image not just 30,
The ability to image hundreds to thousands of different RNA species in individual cells allows many interesting biological questions to be addressed.
the researchers unveil how one of a battery of chemical warfare agents used by the immune system to fight off infection can itself create DNA mutations that lead to cancer.
DNA sequencing of a developing gastrointestinal tumor revealed two types of mutation: cytosine (C) bases changing to thymine (T) bases,
the 5clc instead paired with an adenine base around 5 percent of the time a medically relevant mutation frequency, according to Essigmann.
and causes the same kind of mutations seen within cells, Fedeles says. hat gave us confidence that this phenomenon would in fact happen in human cells containing high levels of 5clc.
the C-to-T mutation characteristic of 5clc is extremely common, and is present in more than 50 percent of mutagenic ignatures,
or patterns of DNA mutations, associated with cancerous tumors. e believe that in the context of inflammation-induced damage of DNA,
many of these C-to-T mutations may be caused by 5clc, possibly in correlation with other types of mutations as part of these mutational signatures,
genetic, and structural biology approaches, the researchers have found that 5-chlorocytosine is intrinsically miscoding during DNA replication
and it could give rise to significant frequencies of C-to-T mutation, a type of mutation that is frequently observed in human cancers,
Wang says. Studies of tissue samples of patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease have found significant levels of 5clc,
the researchers predict that accumulation of the lesions would increase the mutation rate of a cell up to 30-fold,
an associate professor of chemical and biomolecular engineering at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore, who was involved not in this work. o me,
a Yale postdoctoral researcher in applied physics. xamples include more sensitive biological and chemical sensors, lasers with higher output power,
that was wrapped around a three-dimensional object about the size of a few biological cells and arbitrarily shaped with multiple bumps and dents.
that was wrapped around a three-dimensional object about the size of a few biological cells and arbitrarily shaped with multiple bumps and dents.
or right handed determines their biological activity. For instance, there is the famous case of thalidomide, which in one chirality alleviates morning sickness in pregnant women and in the other causes birth defects.
looking for disease-causing mutations. But with more than 8000 possible genetic diseases, such tests eren really relevant to clinical care, he tells IEEE Spectrum.
These scans check for mutations at each of the 3. 2 billion locations on the human genome.
the researchers had a file listing all the mutations in a sick baby genome. After that, Kingsmore team used in-house software to search through the mutations for those associated with a disease that matched the baby symptoms.
These programs an almost make an instant diagnosis, says Kingsmore, noting that Children Mercy is going to make its software packages available as freeware by the end of the year.
But if a certain disease-associated mutation isn found, doctors needn give justin-case treatments.
Its algorithms are tailor-made to identify genetic mutations, and while these identification processes are ticking along the data is constantly being compressed
Screen Shot 2015-05-04 at 7. 24.34 AM Liquidity tech has been verified third-party by Biovir Laboratories, a microbiological testing facility, that it meets the EPA standard of 99.9999
Like biological evolution, the robots mother could look out for the best traits in her children,
Lead author James Timmons, from King's college London, UK, said that the discovery provides the first robust molecular'signature'of biological age in humans
The study is published in the open-access journal Genome Biology y
#Researchers identify many molecular machines critical for species development A new study shows a common molecular tool kit shared by organisms across the tree of life
In a roundtable discussion on his recent breakthroughs and the future of synthetic photosynthesis, Peidong Yang, a professor at the University of California, Berkeley said his hybrid inorganic/biological systems give researchers new tools
and their metabolism in animals,"said Joseph Falkinham, a professor of microbiology in the College of Science and an affiliate of the Virginia Tech Centre for Drug Discovery.
In a first, an Indian American researcher from Salk Institute for Biological Studies in California has developed a new way to selectively activate brain,
wrapped around a 3d object about the size of a few biological cells and arbitrarily shaped with multiple bumps and dents.
The current gold standard for Ebola virus detection relies on a method called polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify the virus's genetic material for detection.
nontarget biomolecules were washed off, and the bound targets were released then by heating, labelled with fluorescent markers,
The next step for the professor was to introduce living matter. e live in a special time, alongside the latest advances in computational design, materials engineering, synthetic biology, and additive manufacturing
it is clear that the incorporation of synthetic biology in 3d printed products for wearable microbiomes will enable the transition from designs that are inspired By nature,
a fisheries research biologist at the National Marine Fisheries Service in California. The opah Lampris guttatus has a global range that includes the southern waters of Australia and swims at depths between 10 and 450 metres.
#Geometrically Encoded Magnetic Sensors (GEMS) for High-resolution Remote Biological Sensing To date, most efforts to image highly localized biochemical conditions such as abnormal ph
not appreciably weakened by intervening biological materials.""As a result, they can get strong, distinctive signals from very small dimensions at substantial depths or in other locations impossible to probe with optically based sensors.
And some potential applications of the sensors may not be biological at all. But a long-term goal is to improve our techniques to the point at
The 0. 5 to 2 m diameter GEMS in the experiments are already small enough for many in vitro and other possible non-biological applications,
the team adapted two more techniques from nature's biomolecular toolkit: the way proteins use shape complementarity to simplify docking with other molecules,
Chemists, physicists, biologists, materials scientists and engineers team up to focus on these essential questions: Which material properties are new,
where multiphoton microscopy for biological applications was pioneered. hese alumni embody the ebb Groupstyle of mixing physics,
engineering and biology together to achieve their goal, says Warren R. Zipfel, associate professor of biomedical engineering and a former Webb research associate. or decades,
if you loved playing with lasers and optics and applying them to biological questions. Zipfel still has the world first two-photon microscope in a case near his office,
combining advanced techniques from physics and biology to allow scientists to examine the finest structures of the brain in real time. ee very proud of the work these alumni are doing,
and Extract Biomolecules from Fluid Mixtures Employing an ingenious microfluidic design that combines chemical and mechanical properties,
and extracting biomolecules from fluid mixtures. The approach requires fewer steps, uses less energy, and achieves better performance than several techniques currently in use
and extracting biomolecules from fluid mixtures. Illustration courtesy of Peter Mallen, Harvard Medical school. The biomolecule sorting technique was developed in the laboratory of Joanna Aizenberg, Amy Smith Berylson Professor of Materials science at Harvard School of engineering and Applied sciences (SEAS) and Professor in the Department of chemistry and Chemical Biology.
Aizenberg is also co-director of the Kavli Institute for Bionano Science and Technology and a core faculty member at Harvard Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, leading the Adaptive Materials Technologies platform there.
Modulating the ph levels of the solutions in those environments triggers the aptamers to atchor eleasethe target biomolecule.
Their research suggests that the technique could be applicable to other biomolecules, or used to determine chemical purity
Conventional biomolecule sorting systems rely on external electric fields infrared radiation, and magnetic fields, and often require chemical modifications of the biomolecules of interest.
That means setups can be used only once or require a series of sequential steps. In contrast, said Ankita Shastri, a graduate student in Chemistry and Chemical Biology at Harvard and a member of Aizenberg group,
the new catch-transport -and-release system s more efficientequiring minimal steps and less energy,
and effectivechieving recovery of almost all of the target biomolecule through its continuous reusability. The authors say that the system could provide a means of removing contaminants from waternd even be tailored to enable energy-efficient desalination of seawater.
Biologists and physicists have been working together to take a step forward in chromatin fibre observations and studies. y using the STORM technique, a new super-resolution microscopy method,
The outcome of this study has shown the successful collaboration between biologists and physicists from two of the leading research institutes of their respective fields in Europe,
Much of this is due to fundamental differences in biology between species, the researchers explained. For instance, the ion channels through which heart cells conduct electrical currents can vary in both number
Aizenberg, who is also Professor of Chemistry and Chemical Biology in Harvard's Faculty of arts and Sciences and Co-Director of the Kavli Institute for Bionano Science and Technology
who is also the Judah Folkman Professor of Vascular Biology at Harvard Medical school and Boston Children's Hospital and Professor of Bioengineering at Harvard SEAS."
or diagnose substances at a molecular level. ur system can do chemistry, biology, biochemistry, molecular biology, clinical diagnosis,
in order to do chemical and biological sensing. The method produces measurements much more reliably. t Optokey wee able to mass produce this nanoplasmonic resonator on a wafer scale,
and began exploring their use in biology. That led to further investigations into nanomaterials. One accomplishment was a so-called molecular ruler made of gold nanoparticles tethered to DNA strands,
an associate professor of chemical and biomolecular engineering at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore, who was involved not in this work. o me,
It enables unaltered optical measurements of extremely small, dynamic changes in biological, chemical or physical processes.
which will enable analysis of synthetic and biological materials while examining the surface physical and chemical properties both on and beneath the surface.
Passian said. t allows researchers to study the surface and subsurface of synthetic and biological samples,
and nanoparticles to naturally occurring plant cells, biological polymers and tissues. The first application in which this microscope was deployed in the DOE Bioenergy Science Center was for analyzing plant cell walls,
The cell wall of a plant is layered a nanostructure made up of biopolymers such as cellulose. Researchers are looking to convert these biopolymers to free the functional sugars and discharge energy.
An instrument constructed previously at ORNL was capable of imaging poplar cell wall structures from which exceptional topological data could be procured,
As an alternative and complementary technique, structural biologists often gather diffraction patterns from particles in solution. However, in these so called small-and wide-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) experiments
from several different biological specimens. This will allow the researchers the opportunity to test and,
high throughput fashion, says Zwart. he full deployment of FXS as a new tool in the arsenal of the structural biologist will take some time,
Drndic and her colleagues have experimented with applying the technique to other biological molecules and nanoscale structures.
they set out to test their pores on even trickier biological molecules. here are many proteins that are much smaller and harder to manipulate than a strand of DNA that we like to study,
and he suspected that improving the technique's spatial resolution would go a long way toward increasing its use by biologists.
They are also eager to work with biologists to continue to explore potential applications and refine their techniques'usability.
materials and biology present a formidable challenge using any imaging modality. Notable demonstrations aside, current X-ray, electron and optical microscopies are simply too cumbersome and slow to routinely image functioning systems in real space and time, severely limiting progress.
#Nanoporous Gold Sponge Detects Pathogens Faster This novel technique enables sensitive DNA detection in compound biological samples e g.,
assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering at UC Davis and the paperssenior author. hat happens is the debris in biological samples,
in a mixture containing other biomolecules, thus beating most of the currently used detectors. This novel technique enables sensitive DNA detection in compound biological samples e g.,
, serum from whole blood. Their findings have been published in two recent papers in Analytical Chemistry. According to UC Davis researchers, these sponge-like nanoporous gold hold the potential for enabling new devices to detect agents responsible for causing disease in both plants
assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering at UC Davis and the paperssenior author. hat happens is the debris in biological samples,
By combining nanoscience and biology, researchers led by scientists at University of California, Berkeley, have taken a big step in that direction.
In a roundtable discussion on his recent breakthroughs and the future of synthetic photosynthesis, Yang said his hybrid inorganic/biological systems give researchers new tools to study photosynthesis
such as disposable cutlery, to natural biopolymers like DNA and proteins-fundamental to human life. Using insecticides is one of the few ways farmers currently have to treat their groves for greening, also known as Huanglongbing or HLB.
One of the most critical biological and medical tools available today, it lies at the core of genome analysis. Reading the exact make-up of genes,
scientists can detect mutations, or even identify different organisms. A powerful DNA sequencing method uses tiny
They are also found in the biological world, where examples include mother-of-pearl and the iridescent wing-scales of certain butterflies,
and how these features enable the development of efficient biological DNA-nanomachines. Moreover, these DNA NANOSTRUCTURES provide new applications in molecular medicine,
The current gold standard for Ebola virus detection relies on a method called polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify the virus's genetic material for detection.
nontarget biomolecules are washed off, and the bound targets are released then by heating, labeled with fluorescent markers,
what has been an essential mystery in biology and is published on 25 september in the prestigious journal, Science.
and other standard techniques in structural biology to unlock its transport secrets. The Lithgow lab, working with colleagues from Nagoya, Kyoto and Tokyo, ramped up scale of the technology making literally hundreds of re-coded TOM 40 complexes, each one with a novel additional 21st amino acid.
Having shown the technology works-Professor Lithgow believes other labs working on diverse processes in human cell biology will mimic these experiments to determine how their chosen nanomachines operate.
what has been a major unknown in biology, and other cellular mysteries are now ripe for the picking"he said.
Alexander Rohrbach conducts research at the Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK) and is an associate member of the Cluster of Excellence BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies of the University of Freiburg g
Dassarma, Phd, a professor of microbiology and immunology at the school,"GVNPS offer a designer platform for vaccines
. who is a pioneer in the converging fields of synthetic biology, metabolic engineering, and genetics. Church is the Robert Winthrop Professor of Genetics at Harvard Medical school and Professor of Health Sciences and Technology at Harvard and MIT.
Made of a biological component-such as a fluorescent protein -and a'detector'that responds to the presence of a specific chemical,
. who is also the Judah Folkman Professor of Vascular Biology at Harvard Medical school and Boston Children's Hospital,
They presented their findings Aug 26 at the 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society in Milan, Italy.
An advantage of this system is that magnetic fields are able to pass freely through biological tissues,
Floating on top of the film was made a membrane of molecules resembling those found in the membranes of biological cells.
"said the study's first author Stuart Ibsen, from the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in California.
The new genome editing technique, in which a beneficial, naturally-occurring genetic mutation is introduced into cells,
"Mutations affecting adult haemoglobin are among the most common of all human genetic mutations, with about five per cent of the world's population carrying a defective adult haemoglobin gene.
The researchers based their new approach on the fact that a small number of people with damaged adult haemoglobin have an additional, beneficial mutation in the foetal haemoglobin gene."
"This good mutation keeps their foetal haemoglobin gene switched on for the whole of their lives,
The researchers introduced this single-letter mutation into human red blood cells using genome-editing proteins known as TALENS,
"Through a combination of high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy (CRYO EM) and a unique methodology for image analysis, a team of researchers with Berkeley Lab and the University of California (UC) Berkeley has produced an atomic view of microtubules
and structural biology at UC Berkeley and investigator with the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, is a leading authority on the structure and dynamics of microtubules.
In this latest study, she and her group used CRYO EM in which protein samples are flash-frozen at liquid nitrogen temperatures to preserve their natural structure,
With CRYO EM and their image analysis methodology, they achieved a resolution of 3. 5 Angstroms, a record for microtubules.
Beyond their importance to our understanding of basic cell biology, microtubules are a major target for anticancer drugs, such as Taxol,
years in advance has been developed in research published in the open access journal Genome Biology. The study aimed to define a set of genes associated with'healthy ageing'in 65 year olds.
but there has been no reliable test for underlying'biological age'."'"Our discovery provides the first robust molecular'signature'of biological age in humans
and should be able to transform the way that'age'is used to make medical decisions.
who is also the Judah Folkman Professor of Vascular Biology at Harvard Medical school and Boston Children's Hospital and Professor of Bioengineering at the Harvard John A. Paulson School of engineering and Applied sciences s
--and in a study published online in Nature Chemical Biology on September 7, researchers at The Rockefeller University uncover new aspects of it."
a postdoctoral fellow in the Laboratory of Chemistry and Cell biology, led by Tarun Kapoor.""We now know how key proteins get where they need to be to facilitate the process.""
""This is also a nice example of how innovative chemical approaches can help decipher fundamental biological mechanisms,
the only difference being a small number of mutations responsible for causing the cells to become cancerous.
To overcome this, the scientists used a technique called'mutation tracking'a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test
which is personalised to the mutations of an individual patient's cancer DNA. The test screened the blood for DNA with these mutations.
Any DNA in the blood with these mutations must have been released by cancer cells remaining after the initial round of treatment.
As well as being used to predict relapse, the test will allow scientists to track further mutations that develop in cancers over time,
the researchers say. This knowledge could help personalise treatment, as it would allow the tailoring of treatment to the genetic make-up of an individual's cancer.
The disease is known to be caused by mutations in the ACVR1 gene, which codes for a receptor protein that controls bone
The mutations make this protein much more active than usual, resulting in the formation of extra bones.
Speaking at Bioprocess International conference in Boston on Tuesday, Rao described the team breakthrough in large molecule manufacturing as eyond revolutionary my head is still spinning.?
Speaking at Bioprocess International conference in Boston on Tuesday, Rao described the team breakthrough in large molecule manufacturing as eyond revolutionary my head is still spinning. elcome to Betty Crocker bioprocessing
"This memristor-based technology relies on a completely different way inspired by biological brain to carry on computation."
which integrats the ultrafast laser with molecular biology and cell biology. Professor Lu has applied the tool to understand the molecular mechanisms that cause cancer at the very moment
"With the novel femtomedicine approach we can go back to the very beginning to find out what causes DNA damage in the first place, then mutation, and then cancer."
and other cells interact in the body is somewhat difficult in the lab. Biologists generally culture one cell type in plastic plates,
In a study published in Integrative biology, MIT researchers used Kamm's microfluidics technology to screen several drugs that aim to prevent tumors from breaking up
Previously, scientists believed that allosteric regulation of glucokinase depended on strict structural transitions of the biomolecule.
"said Chase Beisel, co-senior author of the paper and an assistant professor in the department of chemical and biomolecular engineering at NC State."
According to study senior investigator and NYU Langone microbiologist Victor Torres, Phd, the newly discovered competing or ntagonisticrelationship between the two bacterial toxins helps explain how community-acquired MRSA is far more widespread and less deadly than hospital
His team next plans to analyze the biological mechanisms by which LUK-PV and LUK-ED target, attach
Ball said. he discovery raises new questions about STAT3 biology and points the way to future anticancer approaches, including combination therapies of coiled-coil STAT3 inhibitors in tandem with other agents,
As a synthetic biologist, Jewett uses cell-free systems to create new therapies, chemicals and novel materials to impact public health
and the environment. his work addresses the broader question of how can we repurpose the protein synthesis machinery of the cell for synthetic biology,
Jewett said. ere we are finding new ways to leverage this machinery to understand fundamental biological questions, specifically protein phosphorylation.
and engineered biological artsinto a lug-and-playprotein expression platform that is cell-free. Cell-free systems activate complex biological systems without using living intact cells.
Crude cell lysates, or extracts, are employed instead. Specifically, the researchers prepared cell lysates of genomically recoded bacteria that incorporate amino acids not found in nature.
t essential that we continue to research basic biology to further understand how cells become cancerous.
and counteracts the effects of the mutation. Other studies have indicated that sickle-cell patients with elevated levels of fetal hemoglobin have a milder form of the disease.
rather than fix the hemoglobin mutation, but to do so in very precise ways that are only possible
Although fixing the sickle mutation itself would seem the most straightforward approach, it turns out that blood stem cells,
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