Researchers at Johns hopkins university School of medicine, Johns hopkins university Department of Chemical and Biomolecular engineering and Federal University of Rio de janeiro in Brazil conducted a proof-of-concept study that found DNA-loaded nanoparticles could successfully pass through the hard-to-breach mucus barrier
and is the first time that scientists have reported the ability to create biological structures that are programmed readily to assemble
with a flick of a switch and a temperature jump, make a huge range of biological molecules that either assemble
and then go back to explore how biology is already making use of them. This work was funded by the National institutes of health and the National Science Foundation
. professor of developmental and stem cell biology and director of the Eli and Edyth Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research at UCSF. ooking at these early stages in development is the best opportunity to understand our brain evolution.
The gene activity profiles also provided several novel insights into the biology of outer radial glia.
the researchers found. his is a surprising new feature of their biology, Pollen said. hey generate their own stem cell niche.
First, it expands our knowledge of the biological role of Vitamin b12, which was understood already to help convert fat into energy,
said Catherine Drennan, a professor of chemistry and biology at MIT. The findings are detailed this week in the journal Nature.
said Rowena Matthews, a professor emerita of biological chemistry at the University of Michigan, who has read the paper.
Hoffman-Kim lab collaborated with fellow biologists and bioengineers at Brown faculty colleagues Julie Kauer, Jeffrey Morgan
the Wellcome Trust and the Biotechnology and Biological sciences Research Council will be published in the science journal Oncogene on 5 october 2015.
#Scientists Grow Old Brain cells from Patientsskin Cells Researchers from the Salk Institute for Biological Studies have found a way to create aged brain cells from patientsskin samples for the first time.
Limb Girdle Muscular dystrophy is caused by mutations in any of at least 15 different genes and affects 1 in 14,
Individuals with Limb Girdle Muscular dystrophy Type 2c have detrimental mutations in a key protein, gamma sarcoglycan,
a biologist at the IFOM-instem Joint Research Laboratory in India, published the findings in the Oct 15 issue of Nature Communications. ee identified a new component that hasn previously been studied as a factor contributing to fibrosis,
They are very important in medicine most medications available now are small molecules as well as in biology as probes to uncover the inner workings of cells and tissues.
a graduate biologist specializing in neuropsychology, working with her Phd supervisor Axel Mecklinger and co-researcher Emma Bridger, is examining how power naps influence memory performance.
s Alectinib Shrank Tumors in Nearly Half of Patients With Specific Lung cancer Mutation Genentech Investigational Medicine Alectinib Shrank Tumors in Nearly Half of People With Specific Type of Lung cancer--Alectinib showed response rates of up to
Of these, three proteins-LYVE1, REG1A and TFF1-were selected for closer examination, based on biological information and performance in statistical analysis.
said V. Reggie Edgerton, senior author of the research and a UCLA distinguished professor of integrative biology and physiology, neurobiology and neurosurgery.
It a wonderful example of the power that comes from combining advances in basic biological research with technological innovation.
and is director of the laboratory of movement physiology at Russia Pavlov Institute and a researcher in the UCLA department of integrative biology and physiology,
said Stephanie Galanie, a Phd student in chemistry and a member of Smolke team. heye the action heroes of biology.
The team's discovery, featured in the current issue of the Journal of Biological Chemistry, focuses on ERMANI, a protein that prevents the HIV virus from replicating."
MSU associate professor of microbiology and molecular genetics and co-author of the study.""We now know that ERMANI is an essential key,
Zheng's lab was the first to show that HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein biosynthesis can be inhibited specifically by ERMANI,
and is likely to bring dramatic advances in several biological fields s
#Powerful Plastic Microscope Brings Better Diagnostic Care for World's Rural Poor, Rice university Reveals You can learn a lot about the state of someone's immune system just by examining their blood under the microscope.
'mini tumors'in a culture dish,"explains the study's corresponding author Senthil Muthuswamy, Phd, Director of the Cell biology Program in the Cancer Research Institute at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical center
and biology of the cancer tissue in the patient, "says Muthuswamy, who conducted this research while at the University of Toronto.
which we can screen for drugs and mutations, we can begin to understand why some patients respond to a treatment
In essence, Europe has chosen chemistry over biology: It will not be able to reduce fungicide applications by adopting genetically modified blight-resistant potatoes;
Horse poop yields antibiotic-laced mushrooms European biologists have discovered a bacteria-killing compound in common mushrooms that grow in horse dung.
lead author of the study published Monday in the journal BMC Evolutionary biology.""This is the first real big predator,
said that he biological experiments do seem intriguing, and I wouldn dismiss them. source) Today, numerous teleportation breakthroughs have been made.
and potholed roads are numbered after a microbiologist developed a self-healing concrete that mends cracks using bacteria.
As in nature, evolution in robots takes place through'mutation, 'where components of one gene are modified
while mutation and crossover were introduced in the less successful children. The researchers found that design variations emerged
'One of the big questions in biology is how intelligence came about-we're using robotics to explore this mystery,
These adaptations allow biological organisms to survive in a wide variety of different environments-allowing animals to make the move from living in the water to living on land, for instance.
'But what we do have are a lot of enabling technologies that will help us import some aspects of biology to the engineering world.'
It uses microarrays of electrodes that can be implanted into the brains of volunteers to pick up tiny electrical pulses from the neurons.
However most geneticists believe the procedure is not ready to be carried out on human embryos-after the Chinese research led to unwanted mutations in DNA.
but even among those there were numerous mutations which were intended not by the scientists. Many experts said the ultimate failure of the procedure underlines the case for caution with the technique.
#A new gene-editing breakthrough A FEW years ago, molecular biologists made a breakthrough. By borrowing an antiviral mechanism called CRISPR-Cas9 from bacteria,
Meredith Perry, who began tinkering with wireless charging as a paleobiology undergrad at the University of Pennsylvania,
and then it must be degraded--the components are recycled then basically,"added Marth, also director of UCSB's Center for Nanomedicine and a professor in the campus's Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental biology."
The new work has broad implications for basic research into biological function at the cellular level as well as providing an efficient platform for new drug design
compared with biological molecules, which are often thousands of Daltons. A Dalton is roughly equal to the mass of a single nucleon--either a proton or neutron.
while yielding new insights into foundational issues in cellular biology.""We're very excited by this technology
He added that because many ALPS cases result from underlying gene mutations, future studies could also test
whether sirolimus can treat other ALPS-like disorders with mutations in similar genes.""More research remains to be done,
Loss-of-function mutations in the gene that codes for the TREX1 protein are linked to AGS and SLE in humans.
About 60 percent of children and adults with T-cell leukemia harbor a Notch mutation. But drugs designed to block Notch have caused serious side effects such as severe diarrhea or skin cancers.
They published their findings on Sept. 30 in Genome Biology. If your genome was a library
"This technology has amazing potential to transform how we study RNA biology and the type of information we can obtain,
similarly-treated group of patients provides the statistical power necessary to study the disease in all its genetic diversity-to draw connections between certain mutations and the aggressiveness of the disease,
and to chart the emergence of new mutations and their role in helping the disease advance,
"The growing sample size allows us to start engaging deeply with the complex interplay between different mutations found in any individual tumor,
which these mutations are acquired to allow the malignancy to thrive and overcome therapy.""Wu and her team collected tumor and normal tissue samples from 538 patients with CLL, 278 of
and demonstrate specific mutations affect patients'response to therapy. These discoveries will form the basis for precision medicine of CLL and other tumor types
The combination-pairing a drug targeted against mutations in the BRAF gene with a second drug that targets another important signaling pathway-was discovered through one of the largest screens of cancer drug combinations conducted to date.
Findings from the study conducted at the MGH Cutaneous Biology Research center and Center for Molecular Therapeutics have been published in the open-access journal PLOS ONE."
Since around half the cases of malignant melanoma are driven by mutation in the BRAF gene, the team focused on combinations that might address intrinsic resistance to the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib.
-which means that mutations and expression changes in each line's genes have been documented-we should be able to identify in advance patients who will benefit from specific combinations.
whose mutation leads to the aggressive growth of a common and deadly type of lung cancer in humans.
"Sometimes there are hundreds of mutations in the genes of a patient's tumors, but you don't know
"Two gene mutations in particular are known to spur the growth of human tumors: KRAS and p53. Though both genes have been studied heavily,
"With a mutation in KRAS, a tumor forms in 300 days. But without Epha2, the KRAS mutation leads to tumors in half the time, 120 to 150 days,"says Verma,
who is also an American Cancer Society Professor of Molecular biology.""This molecule Epha2 is having a huge effect on restraining cancer growth
and uncovered a number of related genetic mutations, though the role of these mutations has not been understood well in lung cancer (especially adenocarcinoma,
which makes up almost a quarter of all lung cancers). From the Cancer Genome Atlas data, the Salk team found that genetic alterations of Epha2 were detected in 54 out of 230 patients with adenocarcinoma.
"Oddly, among human lung cancer patients with Epha2 mutations, around 8 percent of patients actually have high Epha2 expression.
Yardena Samuels and her team in the Institute's Molecular Cell biology Department were specifically searching for tumor suppressor genes in their database,
Thus studying these genes is crucial in cancer biology.""The identification of targetable alterations in melanoma is need an urgent.
An in depth understanding of the functional effects of mutations in these genes is the first step toward revealing the underlying mechanism of melanoma growth,
Indeed, the melanoma genome sequences contained mutations in known tumor suppressor genes, but there was also a new gene that stood out in the team's search, named RASA2.
When they restored the production of the protein in melanoma cells that harbored RASA2 mutations,
However, loss or mutations in tumor suppressor genes like RASA2 also contribute to melanoma development;
MD, chairman of the Department of Stem Cell biology and Regenerative medicine at Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute.
and turnover,"said senior author Jamey Marth, director of UCSB's Center for Nanomedicine and a professor in the campus's Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental biology."
Aiden, who is also a senior investigator at Rice's Center for Theoretical Biological Physics,
and showing that the mutations changed the folding pattern exactly as expected. Rao likened the result to a new form of genome surgery:
or biological implant, engineers strive to make the material strong and defect-free. However, methods conventionally used to control the amount of defects in a material,
the researchers used multidisciplinary experimental approaches, ranging from structural to cellular biology.""It all started with an intuition we published in the journal Biochemistry in 2012,
"On that occasion, we hypothesized that the pathological genetic mutations present in the prion protein could affect copper coordination".
Then, drawing on the consolidated expertise in molecular and cellular biology available at the SISSA Laboratory of Prion Biology coordinated by Legname,
biological fluids containing bacteria and blood. Not only did the material repel all the liquid and show anti-biofouling behavior but the tungsten oxide actually made the steel stronger than steel without the coating.
Another avenue for application is functional 3d printing and microarray devices, especially in printing highly viscous and sticky biological and polymeric materials where friction and contamination are major obstacles.
U s. Navy spends tens of millions of dollars each year dealing with the ramifications of biofouling on hulls.
which maintains the biological activity of its predecessor as an effective anti-tumor drug, but which can also be synthesized
and is likely to bring dramatic advances in several biological fields s
#Umbrella-shaped diamond nanostructures make efficient photon collectors Standard umbrellas come out when the sky turns dark,
or work involving biological observations. Individual nitrogen vacancy centers could essentially function as the basic units of quantum computers.
In terms of applications, the team's nanostructures may find use in highly sensitive magnetic sensors for making biological observations or within the computational science realm for quantum computing and cryptographic communications.
"said Ellington, professor in the Department of Molecular Biosciences and member of the UT Center for Systems and Synthetic biology."
which does not damage the delicate biological molecules or living cells that were bioprinted. As a next step, the group is working towards incorporating real heart cells into these 3-D printed tissue structures,
#Making life more resistant to stress A recent paper in Current Biology suggests that plants can be engineered against climate change, even drought.
whether the interaction of THZ radiation with biological organisms is safe. A theoretical study published by MIT in 2009 suggested that THZ waves may interfere with DNA via nonlinear instabilities,
Until sufficient experimental biological data is gathered, one cannot be entirely certain as to the mechanisms involved,
Hydrogels are useful in biology because theye much like us made mostly of hydro. Theye intrinsically safe for use with biology,
and biomedical engineers are even looking into using them as a bio-safe internal optical network.
which allows biological systems to survive in a large variety of environments, said co-author Luzius Brodbeck. hrough evolutionary adaptation some animals changed their morphologies to live on land instead of under water,
The key for a meaningful design optimization is to build variations of physical machines through the course of the evolutionary process.
These techs include things like 3d printing, artificial intelligence, synthetic biology, infinite computing, networks, sensors, nanotechnology, and virtual realitynd is essentially a list of the most disruptive technologies ever invented.
Essentially, even though exponential technologies put the power of the gods (especially if wee talking AI or synthetic biology) into the hands of mere mortals,
Imagine a diabetics biochip detecting blood glucose levels within personalized parameters, and then initiating appropriate, immediate,
Imagine a diabetics biochip detecting blood glucose levels within personalized parameters, and then initiating appropriate, immediate,
He is aiming to improve the acoustic imaging method for potential use in biological research or medicine
Those with mutations in polycystic kidney disease genes formed balloon-like, fluid-filled sacks, called cysts, from kidney tubules.
The organoids with mutations in podocalyxin, a gene linked to glomerulonephritis, lost connections between filtering cells. utation of a single gene results in changes kidney structures associated with human disease,
Genetically matched kidney organoids without disease-linked mutations showed no signs of either disease, Freedman says.
RISPR can be used to correct gene mutations, explained Freedman. ur findings suggest that gene correction using CRISPR may be a promising therapeutic strategy.
and Alexander Mankin, director of the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy Center for Biomolecular Sciences.
or producing designer therapeuticsnd, eventually perhaps even non-biological polymers. No one has developed ever something of this nature. e felt like there was a smallery smallhance Ribo-T could work,
Jewett says. ur new protein-making factory holds promise to expand the genetic code in a unique and transformative way, providing exciting opportunities for synthetic biology and biomolecular engineering,
The artemisinin experiments proved that yeast biosynthesis was involved possible, but adding only six genes. The Stanford team had to engineer 23 genes into yeast to create their cellular assembly line for hydrocodone. his is complicated the most chemical synthesis ever engineered in yeast,
a Phd student in chemistry and a member of Smolke team. heye the action heroes of biology. o get the yeast assembly line going,
. Friedman, M d.,Ph d.,at Rockefeller University and the TSRI groups of Ian A. Wilson and Patrick R. Griffin, appears in Chemistry and Biology.
and he suspected that improving the technique's spatial resolution would go a long way toward increasing its use by biologists.
The ability to precisely tune enzymatic reactions with small biomolecules holds enormous potential for industrial manufacturing, analytical science,
"The findings from this study were published recently in Nature Chemical Biology through an article entitled onobody-mediated alteration of enzyme specificity."
#Protein Based Sensors Expand Synthetic biology Repertoire Engineering proteins to detect specific DNA, RNA, or peptide sequences may not be a new idea,
but a new approach taken by synthetic biology engineers at the Massachusetts institute of technology (MIT) is as interesting as it is elegant.
and lung cancers,"explained co-author Nhan Tran, Ph d.,associate professor in TGEN's Cancer and Cell biology Division."
"There is some irony that a disease as destructive as malaria might be exploited to treat another dreaded disease,"stated lead author Ali Salanti, Ph d.,professor of immunology and microbiology in the Centre for Medical Parasitology, at the University
"says Dr. Roy Curtiss, one of the study's researchers and Professor of Microbiology at Arizona State university.
The research was published in the journal American Society for Microbiology y
#"Google maps for the Body"zooms in from whole organs down to individual cells The algorithms used for zooming in
Biological applications are also possible.""Such water-rich, soft actuators would also find applications as components of artificial internal organs
while exhibiting some very unique biological aspects. The way snakes move across surfaces is pretty incredible,
The results of this research were presented recently at the 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society in Milan
was funded by Cancer Research UK, the Wellcome Trust and the Biotechnology and Biological sciences Research Council h
partly because of the complexity of the biology underlying thought processes and partly because studying a living brain is very difficult.
However, recent studies have begun to make some headway in understanding the biology of mental health conditions by looking at the gene mutations carried by people diagnosed with such problems.
Origins Of Genetic disease Gene mutations are present in all the cells in the body and can be examined by taking a blood sample.
But despite knowing about hundreds of mutations associated with schizophrenia, we are relatively in the dark about
Many different mutations can give rise to the same apparent condition. On the other hand, no single gene mutation necessarily gives rise to a discernible mental health problem.
One gene we do have some certainty about is known as isrupted in schizophrenia gene 1 (DISC1.
the probability of inheritance from a mutation carried by one parent alone is relatively low.
In contrast, DISC1 mutations are highly penetrant, meaning that carrying the mutation is highly likely to give rise to the characteristic problem.
This makes DISC1 a very useful experimental tool, because if a laboratory animal such as a mouse carries the mutation,
it is highly likely to exhibit the functional problem and to give rise to offspring with the same problem.
instead and we only need a single mutation rather than the several gene mutations that normally give rise to the condition.
DISC1 mutations have also been linked to autism and Asperger syndrome, suggesting that the developmental effects of DISC1 could also be important for understanding these mental health conditions.
The interaction between gene mutations and brain development may have made it difficult to understand how the long list of risk factors can cause problems in the adult brain.
Sreekanth Chalasani of the Salk Institute for Biological Studies and lead author said, n contrast to light,
about the size of a few biological cells, the cloak reflected incoming red light differently at various locations, depending on how pronounced their features
If confirmed, the research could one day allow infertile men to have their own biological children.
These are drawn from 79 biological, behavioural, environmental and occupational factors. The list is similar in the UK, with smoking, high blood pressure,
Of metabolic (biological), environmental, or behavioural (lifestyle) factors affecting health, it is lifestyle factors that carry the most weight.
and then around the end of life They also share both biological and environmental risks.
researchers could also begin to look for drug-resistant mutations, and mutations in regions that would indicate
whether a vaccine would or would not be as effective. It may also help researchers understand why some people carry around viruses asymptomatically. e found on average that people carried about 5. 5 different viral genera that could cause disease in certain people,
#Human heart can now be 3d printed using biological materials All 3d printed innovations have something in common:
Biological materials are often soft and fragile in isolation, which proved a challenge for the scientists behind the study.
These soft materials were not mere plastic copies of biological material: collagens, muscle fibers, miniature brain structures,
and branching artery patterns made of biological matter have all been produced using the technique. Most impressively, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of human coronary arteries and 3d images of embryonic human hearts,
who have produced complex biological structures with an unprecedented degree of precision. The team next step is to inject heart cells into these 3d printed biological tissue structures
essentially filling in the printed caffoldingwith its biological oncrete This research has obvious implications for medical science.
Let just take one example: the heart. Human heart tissue has lost its ability to repair
molecular biologist James Paulson at the Scripps Research Institute in the US told this publication. he authors exploit Siglec function by attaching sialic acids to nanoparticles that exploit the function of Siglecs and control inflammation,
Like biological evolution, the robots mother could look out for the best traits in her children,
according to the researchers. ne of the big questions in biology is how intelligence came about wee using robotics to explore this mystery,
said Iida. ut what we do have are a lot of enabling technologies that will help us import some aspects of biology to the engineering world. m
But the dawn of wearable technology has led to the creation of devices capable of building up workerspersonalised biological profiles,
Dr John Coates, a fellow in neuroscience and finance at the University of Cambridge who specialises in the biology of risk taking and stress, said he is now getting bout one call a weekfrom financial institutions,
when they are n the zoneas well as analysing the wearer current biological signals, the technology could also predict what their physical state might be days ahead of a crucial meeting.
That going to happen in the work world. roducts offering biological monitoring are already on the market.
and can wrap around a three-dimensional object about the size of a few biological cells. he surface of the skin cloak was engineered meta to reroute reflected light waves
and increase interest in developing biologic drugs, Holroyd told Laboratory Equipment. hat is an area where there is limited competition even
The government is encouraging companies to invest in biologics, and they are even being given longer market exclusivity.
and traits seen across individuals reflects a complex dance between environment and biology. Understanding the precise nature of these causal influences will help lead to the design of better interventions to help move the brain and behavior toward the positive end of the spectrum i
Those with mutations in polycystic kidney disease genes formed balloon-like, fluid-filled sacks, called cysts, from kidney tubules.
The organoids with mutations in podocalyxin, a gene linked to glomerulonephritis, lost connections between filtering cells. utation of a single gene results in changes kidney structures associated with human disease,
Genetically matched kidney organoids without disease-linked mutations showed no signs of either disease, Freedman says.
RISPR can be used to correct gene mutations, explained Freedman. ur findings suggest that gene correction using CRISPR may be a promising therapeutic strategy.
which includes microbiologist and Canada Research Chair Michael Gänzle and cereal scientist Thava Vasanthan, used subcritical fluid technology to extract phenolic compounds from the potato biomass.
who did this research while a Ph d. student in Palsson's Systems Biology Research Group.
microbiologists and infectious disease specialists led by Eric A. Franzosa of Harvard's School of Public health and the Massachusetts institute of technology's Broad Institute.
For research that collects such biological samples, hiding the identities of donors may not be enough to keep investigators from inferring matches between"before"and"after,"
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