Working at the Center for Nanoscale Materials (CNM) and the Advanced Photon Source (APS), two DOE Office of Science User Facilities located at Argonne,
Subramanian Sankaranarayanan and Sanket Deshmukh at CNM used the high-performance computing resources at DOES National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center and the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility (ALCF), both
DOE Office of Science User Facilities, to analyze the surface of the nanoparticles. They discovered that the amount of surface covered by the organic molecules
which is the basis for controlling electrons in computers, phones, medical equipment and other electronics.
In turn, this speed could eventually quicken the pace of electronics and computing. Solving the Semiconductor Dilemma To get to faster and smaller computers one day,
Yap says this study is a continuation of past research into making transistors without semiconductors.
which converts digital electrical signals into optical signals at a rate of up to 108 gigabit per second,
Optical technologies offer an enormous potential especially in transmitting data between computer chips, explains Manfred Kohl of the KIT.
In the experiment, the MZM works reliably over the entire spectral range of the broadband optical fiber networks of 1500 1600 nanometers at an electric bandwidth of 70 gigahertz with data flows of up to 108 gigabit per second.
At the present time, some 10 percent of the electricity in Germany is consumed by information and communication technologies, such as computers and smart phones of users,
but also by the servers in large computer centers. As data traffic grows exponentially, new approaches are necessary to increase throughput and, at the same time, curb power consumption.
-and ground-based observatories (see the Gamma ray Burst Online Index at http://www. astro. caltech. edu/grbox/grbox. php).
Professor Hagemeyer said. nce located at the site of the blood clot, thrombin (a molecule at the centre of the clotting process) breaks open the outer layer of the nanocapsule,
"Through a combination of high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy (CRYO EM) and a unique methodology for image analysis, a team of researchers with Berkeley Lab and the University of California (UC) Berkeley has produced an atomic view of microtubules
With CRYO EM and their image analysis methodology, they achieved a resolution of 3. 5 Angstroms, a record for microtubules.
But programming such intrinsic dexterity in a robotic hand is extremely tricky, significantly raising a robot cost.
#Using lasers to tailor the properties of graphene Carbon nanomaterials display extraordinary physical properties, outstanding among any other substance available,
and the traditional technology used for silicon-based processors (solid state) is not suitable for graphene processing (molecular material).
color lightave moved from the research lab into commercial products like high-end TVS, e readers, laptops,
and photonic crystal technology, could lead to brighter and more efficient mobile phone, tablet, and computer displays, as well as enhanced LED lighting.
They then used electrohydrodynamic jet (e-jet) printing technology to precisely print the QD-embedded polymers onto photonic crystal structures.
and more efficient displays. ince screens consume large amounts of energy in devices like laptops, phones,
and tablets, our approach could have a huge impact on energy consumption and battery life, she noted. f you start with polarized light,
See explained. f you put the photonic crystal-enhanced quantum dot into a device like a phone or computer,
because the display would only draw half as much power as conventional displays. To demonstrate the technology,
These catalysts work by binding to carbon dioxide molecules, orienting them in a way that is ideal for chemical reactions.
The structure of the copper tetramer is such that most of its binding sites are open
A number of its binding sites are occupied merely in holding the compound together, which limits how many atoms can catch
"To compensate for a catalyst with fewer binding sites, the current method of reduction creates high-pressure conditions to facilitate stronger bonds with carbon dioxide molecules.
"We're interested in finding new catalytic reactions that will be more efficient than the current catalysts,
Meanwhile, the researchers are interested in searching for other catalysts that might even outperform their copper tetramer.
These catalysts can be varied in size, composition and support material, which results in a list of more than 2, 000 potential combinations, Vajda said.
and then test the catalysts that seem most promising.""We haven't yet found a catalyst better than the copper tetramer,
"For this research, the team used the Center for Nanoscale Materials as well as beamline 12-ID-C of the Advanced Photon Source, both DOE Office of Science User Facilities.
and evaluated the penetration capability by using mouse brains in vitro/in vivo. In addition, as an actual needle application, we demonstrated fluorescenctce particle depth injection into the brain in vivo,
or the development of silicon computing chips that process data communicated by photons of light instead of electricity.
The scientists experimented with silicon structures used in computer chips that power computers, tablets and mobile phones,
#Scientists make tantalum oxide practical for high-density devices Scientists at Rice university have created a solid-state memory technology that allows for high-density storage with a minimum incidence of computer errors.
"But this is a new way to make ultradense, nonvolatile computer memory, "Tour said. Nonvolatile memories hold their data even
unlike volatile random-access computer memories that lose their contents when the machine is shut down.
This will be a real competitor for the growing memory demands in high-definition video storage and server arrays."
rather than just relying on traditional chemical screens, says Hubbard, an assistant professor of pharmacology in the University of Albertas Faculty of medicine & Dentistry.
Much like how a computer programmer edits computer code, scientists could one day replace a persons broken
Ultimately, Ramos and his colleagues envision deploying HERMES to a disaster site, where the robot would explore the area, guided by a human operator from a remote location.
With computer software, the researchers translated the robots center of pressure to the platforms motors,
This can be used to apply drugs directly to sites on the skin, such as applying anticancer medications to melanomas
and Modulation of the Cellular Architecture of a User-Chosen Cell of Interest Using Cell-Derived,
In addition, it could allow for direct recapitulation of the tension state of a user-chosen cell in a large population of patterned cells.
The ability to fine-tune cytoskeletal architecture, adhesion site dynamics and the distribution of intracellular forces through simple on the fly-fly pattern modifications provides an unprecedented level of control over cytoskeletal mechanics,
In contrast, with the new technique, a cell of interest can be chosen based on simple image analysis of protein expression
and optimization of electronic and optoelectronic devices like solar panels and telecommunication lasers. black phosphorus To truly understand the significance of the team's findings,
#New optical chip lights up the race for quantum computer The microprocessor inside a computer is a single multipurpose chip that has revolutionised people's life,
allowing them to use one machine to surf the web, check emails and keep track of finances.
Now, researchers from the University of Bristol in the UK and Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT) in Japan, have pulled off the same feat for light in the quantum world by developing an optical chip that can process photons in an infinite number
of ways. It's a major step forward in creating a quantum computer to solve problems such as designing new drugs
and performing otherwise intractable mathematics that aren't possible for super computers. The fully reprogrammable chip brings together a multitude of existing quantum experiments
much like they operate any other piece of software on a computer. They no longer need to convince a physicist to devote many months of their life to painstakingly build
because the world's leading quantum photonics group teamed up with Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT), the world's leading telecommunications company.
and engineering expertise in the telecommunications industry. It's a model that we need to encourage
"The University of Bristol's pioneering'Quantum in the Cloud'is the first and only service to make a quantum processor publicly accessible
With magnetic memory elements approaching nano dimensions, this technique promises new approaches in magnetic recording and computing g
as well as superstrong composites--like the ones used in phone cases and body armor. Each new combination of atom-thick layers presents new properties
#A new material for transparent electronics he performance of solar cells, flat panel displays, and other electronics are limited by today's materials.
The development of high-performance transparent conducting oxides (TCOS) is critical to many technologies ranging from flat panel displays to solar cells.
and their small footprint offers large storage capacity all these attributes make them well suited to new data storage applications or high-resolution displays.
or in displays with resolutions that have thus far been hard to attain.""This makes possible displays along the lines of the Kindle reader with a pixel size that is thousand times smaller and a much faster response time,
"the scientist explains s
#New research could help build computers from DNA Scientists have found a way to'switch'the structure of DNA using copper salts
and EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid)- an agent commonly found in shampoo and other household products. It was known previously that the structure of a piece of DNA could be changed using acid,
and in DNA-based computing-where computers are built from DNA rather than silicon. It could also be used for detecting the presence of copper cations,
"A potential application of this finding could be to create logic gates for DNA based computing.
Logic gates are an elementary building block of digital circuits-used in computers and other electronic equipment. They are made traditionally using diodes or transistors
"This research expands how DNA could be used as a switching mechanism for a logic gate in DNA-based computing or in nano-technology
#New technique lowers cost of energy-efficient embedded computer systems (Nanowerk News) Electrical and computer engineers at North carolina State university have developed a new technique for creating less-expensive,
low-power embedded systems-the computing devices found in everything from thermostats to automobiles.""Using our techniques,
we've been able to create prototype systems with power converters that have a combination of energy efficiency
co-author of a paper on the work and an associate professor of electrical and computer engineering at NC State.
An embedded system with common peripherals. To understand the new technique, you have to know a little about embedded systems.
For one thing, they require a power source. And to maximize energy efficiency the system should be designed to operate using the best voltage possible.
One part consists of"power stage"hardware that controls the storage and flow of power.
"which allows the converter to respond to changes in the embedded system's demand for power
The controller can be designed a specifically circuit or a separate processor which runs special control software.
Having a dynamic responsive power converter is also important because it allows the embedded system to be more energy efficient;
the system can go to sleep, then operate quickly, then shut back down -and the power converter can adjust the flow of power accordingly."
and incorporated the power converter software into the embedded system processor. These methods guarantee that the other software on the embedded system's processor will not disturb the power converter's correct operation,
"Dean explains.""This eliminates the need for a separate processor or controller circuit on the power converter itself,
which in turn makes the overall system less expensive.""It also makes the embedded system smaller, lighter and more flexible."
"Because the embedded system software and power converter software are using a shared processor on a single chip,
it gives developers more coordinated control over both the system's functions and related demands those functions may make on the power converter,
"The paper,"Using Real-time System Design Methods to Integrate SMPS Control Software with Application Software"(pdf),
#Turning clothing into information displays Researchers from Holst Centre (set up by TNO and imec), imec and CMST,
imec associated lab at Ghent University, have demonstrated the world first stretchable and conformable thin-film transistor (TFT) driven LED display laminated into textiles.
This paves the way to wearable displays in clothing providing users with feedback. Wearable devices such as healthcare monitors and activity trackers are now a part of everyday life for many people.
Today wearables are separate devices that users must remember to wear. The next step forward will be to integrate these devices into our clothing.
Doing so will make wearable devices less obtrusive and more comfortable encouraging people to use them more regularly and,
hence, increasing the quality of data collected. A key step towards realizing wearable devices in clothing is creating displays that can be integrated into textiles to allow interaction with the wearer. earable devices allow people to monitor their fitness
and health so they can live full and active lives for longer. But to maximize the benefits wearables can offer,
they need to be able to provide feedback on what users are doing as well as measuring it.
The conformable display is very thin and mechanically stretchable. A fine-grain version of the proven meander interconnect technology was developed by the CMST lab at Ghent University
and Holst Centre to link standard (rigid) LEDS into a flexible and stretchable display. The LED displays are fabricated on a polyimide substrate
and encapsulated in rubber, allowing the displays to be laminated in to textiles that can be washed.
Importantly, the technology uses fabrication steps that are known to the manufacturing industry enabling rapid industrialization.
Following an initial demonstration at the Society for Information Display Display Week in San jose, USA earlier this year, Holst Centre has presented the next generation of the display at the International Meeting on Information Display
These second-generation displays offer higher pitch and increased, average brightness. The presentation will feature a 32x32 pixel demonstrator with a resolution of 13 pixels per inch (ppi) and average brightness above 200 candelas per square meter (cd/m2.
"could lead to ultracompact optical systems such as advanced microscopes, displays, sensors, and cameras that can be mass-produced using the same photolithography techniques used to manufacture computer microchips."
"Currently, optical systems are made one component at a time, and the components are assembled often manually, "says Andrei Faraon (BS'04), an assistant professor of applied physics and materials science,
Manipulating the polarization of light is essential for the operation of advanced microscopes, cameras, and displays;
the control of polarization also enables simple gadgets such as 3-D glasses and polarized sunglasses."
As well as offering new opportunities for industry, it will stimulate the search for even better basic catalysts
Catalysts come in multiple forms including: acids, solid metal nanoparticles, and large protein molecules or enzymes in human bodies.
Ninety percent of industrially important chemicals are made using catalysts. It is a major field in applied science;
and Xin decided to use existing data to train computer algorithms to make predictions of new materials,
a field called machine learning. This approach captures complex, nonlinear interactions of molecules on metal surfaces through artificial neural networks,
an extremely useful chemical in industry for making plastics. his study opens a new way for designing metal-based catalysts with complexities, for example, geometry and composition, promoters and poisons, defects,
the lab assembled three-dimensional computer models of illared graphene nanostructures, akin to the boron nitride structures modeled in a previous study to analyze heat transfer between layers. his time we were interested in a comprehensive understanding of the elastic and inelastic properties
such as ejector pins for iphones, watch springs for expensive hand-wound watches, trial medical implants,
#Inexpensive new carbon-based catalysts can be tuned fine Researchers at MIT and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory have developed a new type of catalyst that can be tuned to promote desired chemical reactions,
Catalysts enhance the rate of a chemical reaction but are consumed not in the process. As a result, the repeated action of very small amounts of a catalyst can have large and long-lasting effects.
By finding a way to make this material tunable in the same ways as molecular catalysts
In addition to their possible uses in fuel cells, such new catalysts could also be useful for enhancing chemical reactions,
and metamaterials offers tantalizing future prospects for technologies such as high resolution optical microscopes and superfast optical computers.
invisibility cloaks could prove useful for 3d displays s
#Physicists discover spiral vortex patterns from electron waves In their new study("Electron Vortices in Photoionization by Circularly Polarized Attosecond Pulses),
and printer right at the hospital to create custom nerve guides right on site to restore nerve function."
During the last decades these computers have become more and more powerful by integrating ever smaller components on silicon chips.
the realized circuits currently still have limited computing power. ut with this research we have delivered proof of principle:
such as with face recognition. This is very difficult for a regular computer, while humans and possibly also our circuits can do this much better."
"Another important advantage may be that this type of circuitry uses much less energy, both in the production,
#New frontiers in 3d printing Three dimensional printing is revolutionizing the production of new devices and structures, including soft robots,
for the first time, allow for the simultaneous control of composition and geometry during printing. Lewis is a Core Faculty member at the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard university and the Hansjörg Wyss Professor of Biologically Inspired Engineering at the Harvard John A. Paulson School of engineering and Applied sciences (SEAS.
The goal of integrating different material and structural properties within printed objects has demanded the invention of new, flexible printing platforms.
These structures may find potential application in flexible electronics, wearable devices, and soft robotics. They also printed reactive materials,
This is a crucial step in creating a new generation of foldable electronics-think a flat-screen television that can be rolled up for easy portability-and implantable medical devices.
The researchers used mouse embryonic fibroblast cells to determine biocompatibility; that, along with the fact that the stretchability of gold nanomesh on a slippery substrate resembles the bioenvironment of tissue
and re-scan it repeating the process until the desired spatial resolution is achieved before combining the data from each scan using a computer algorithm.
This is an important step on the way towards optical computers. Phase change materials that change their optical properties depending on the arrangement of the atoms allow for the storage of several bits in a single cell.
With optical elements, computers can work more rapidly and more efficiently. Optical fibers have long since been used for the transmission of data with light.
But on a computer, data are processed still and stored electronically. Electronic exchange of data between processors and the memory limits the speed of modern computers.
To overcome this so-called Von neumann bottleneck, it is not sufficient to optically connect memory and processor,
as the optical signals have to be converted into electric signals again. Scientists, hence, look for methods to carry out calculations and data storage in a purely optical manner.
and recently moved to the University of Münster. he memory is compatible not only with conventional optical fiber data transmission,
but also with latest processors, Professor Harish Bhaskaran of Oxford university adds. The new memory can store data for decades even
Permanent all-optical on-chip memories might considerably increase future performance of computers and reduce their energy consumption.
a computer then reconstructs the path those photons must have taken, which generates an image of the target material--all without the lens that's required in conventional microscopy."
"The computer does the imaging part--forget about the lens, "explained Michael Zürch, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany and lead researcher."
"The computer emulates the lens.""Without a lens, the quality of the images primarily depends on the radiation source.
#Pioneering research develops new way to capture light-for the computers of tomorrow The key breakthrough will allow large quantities of data to be stored directly on an integrated optical chip,
While optical fibre cables and with them data transfer by means of light have long since become part of our everyday life,
data on a computer are processed still and stored electronically. The team of scientists from Germany and England have made a key breakthrough by capturing light on an integrated chip,
Our technology might also eventually be used to reproduce in computers the neural-type processing that is carried out by the human brain.
and our approach can define a new speed limit for future processors, by delivering extremely fast on-chip optical data storage In addition,
they can be arranged within the gel in practically any design that can be created on a computer.
he newly demonstrated laser nano-patterning method in graphene oxides holds the key to fast processing and programming of high capacity information for big data sectors.
With low-cost fabrication, long-term stability and a wide palette of colors, they have become a building blocks of the display technology,
improving the image quality of TV-SETS, tablets, and mobile phones. Exciting quantum dot applications are also emerging in the fields of green energy, optical sensing,
the IBM research lab Zurich (Switzerland) and the University of Milano-Bicocca (Italy) demonstrated a radically new approach to manipulate the light emission of quantum dots.
Unlike most 3-D printing, this technique does not require photoinitiators, compounds that promote photoreactivity
"If we can use SPRNT to screen for drugs that specifically disrupt the functioning of these proteins,
Using mouse models, the researchers tested their sunblock against direct ultraviolet rays and their ability to cause sunburn.
potentially outperforming traditional monitoring tools such as cardiac event monitors. The researchers published a paper on their patent-pending process in Advanced Materials.
which is similar in scope to 3-D printing but different in that material is removed instead of added.
"We are trying to add more types of sensors including blood pressure and oxygen saturation monitors to the low-cost patch
They are expected also to be used for precise color matching in light-emitting devices and displays,
These attributes should lead to new LEDS and display devices not only with precisely matched colors--better color accuracy and brightness--but also with improved performance lifetime and improved ease of manufacturing."
"QDS are already in use in display devices (e g. Amazon Kindle and a new Samsung TV
#Physicists succeed in direct detection of vacuum fluctuations What are the properties of the vacuum, the absolute nothingness?
when the intensity of light and radio waves completely disappears. These findings are of fundamental importance for the development of quantum physics
representing the quantum ground state of light and radio waves. However, until now direct experimental proof of this basic phenomenon has been considered impossible.
Media interested in attending the event should register on the Fio website media center: Media Center r
physicists at the University of Düsseldorf have developed model computer simulations to further investigate torque coupling at the nanoscale.
Because we use essentially the same device technology as existing computer chips, we believe it will be much easier to manufacture a full-scale processor chip than for any of the leading designs,
which rely on more exotic technologies.""This makes the building of a quantum computer much more feasible,
since it is based on the same manufacturing technology as today's computer industry, "he added. The advance represents the final physical component needed to realise the promise of super-powerful silicon quantum computers,
which harness the science of the very small-the strange behaviour of subatomic particles-to solve computing challenges that are beyond the reach of even today's fastest supercomputers.
In classical computers, data is rendered as binary bits, which are always in one of two states:
A qubit operation exploits this quantum weirdness by allowing many computations to be performed in parallel (a two-qubit system performs the operation on 4 values, a three-qubit system on 8, and so on."
"The silicon chip in your smartphone or tablet already has around one billion transistors on it, with each transistor less than 100 billionths of a metre in size,"said Dr Menno Veldhorst,
We then store the binary code of 0 or 1 on the'spin'of the electron,
"He said that a key next step for the project is to identify the right industry partners to work with to manufacture the full-scale quantum processor chip.
Such a full-scale quantum processor would have major applications in the finance, security and healthcare sectors, allowing the identification
leading to a local resistance change of the material. e were able to understand this effect by performing extensive numerical computer simulations of the electronic properties
ranging from cell phones to laptop computers and electric cars. But there may soon be a new type of battery based on materials that are far more abundant and less costly.
"Electrical energy storage in batteries is essential not only for consumer products such as cell phones and computers,
so that the signal of the nanoswitch may be read using a mobile phone. This will make our approach really available to anyone!
using computer programs that simulate the activity of place and grid cells in the brain. Crucial to the computational algorithm is the strength of the feedback mechanism between the grid cells and place cells,
and the calibration of the visual signals is integral to the map building process of the computer algorithm.
The algorithm was tested in a robot (see image) that explored a 35 meter x 35 meter indoor office environment.
The robot was able to detect loops in the path through the office space and,
The computer navigation system assists the robot in situations where it is lost in a new environment,
These microscopic widgets could be customized into incredibly sensitive chemical detectors or long-lasting catalysts, to name a few possible applications.
What more, they discovered it by combining computer simulations with x-ray scattering and imaging methods to determine, for the first time,
a DOE Office of Science user facility located at Berkeley Lab. He led the research with co-corresponding author Ranjan Mannige,
They used the high-performance computing resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC),
another DOE Office of Science user facility located at Berkeley Lab. Peptoid nanosheets were discovered by Zuckermann group five years ago.
also a DOE Office of Science user facility located at Berkeley Lab, were compared with molecular dynamics simulations conducted at NERSC.
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