#3-D-Printed Device Helps Computers Solve Cocktail-party Problem Artificial-intelligence researchers have struggled long to make computers perform a task that is simple for humans:
or complex artificial-intelligence algorithms that try to separate different voices on a recording. But the latest invention, described in this week Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
In their proof-of-concept study, they sent light from the LED through an optical fiber to stimulate neurons in mouse brain slices.
They then developed an algorithm that could use the activity of the CA1 cells to predict the pattern that was coming from CA3.
By using this algorithm, the researchers should be able to stimulate the CA1 cells with a pattern that mimics an appropriate CA3 signal
the researchers developed an algorithm that predicted with high accuracy whether a person would remember a given word.
Better algorithms and more sensitive electrodes might yield finer motor control. And advances in brain-machine interfaces should make implants less invasive.
Users simply add one glass of water and one tablespoon of salt saltwater from the ocean can also be used to power the device.
CITIES have created various open source resources to help people launch further schemes in other neighborhoods. What other forms of waste can also be reused in educational, community-building ways y
The Heattech Mirror visually displays the wearer body temperature rising in the mirror. The smart mirror is connected to a thermal camera
the RFID chip in the alarm tag activates the camera. Then, when the customer tries on the clothing they can see exactly how much their body temperature is being raised by the garment, showing them its effectiveness.
such as a free mobile app where users help find data patterns in cancer research by playing games.
and users simultaneously benefit from learning how to conduct microbiology experiments. Post/Biotics are using the power of an unlimited amount of citizen scientists to increase the research potential of antibiotic discovery.
#Sharp batshit crazy new smartphone isa robot PHOTOS If you ever thought the good olphablet was a bit cumbersome
Earlier today, Japanese electronics maker Sharp revealed a humanoid robot-shaped smartphone that I promise won fit in your skinny jeans. It hard to say if it more phone or robot,
but Robohon (yes, an amalgamation of robot and phone) attracted a whole lot of attention at this afternoon press-only preview event at the annual CEATEC convention just outside Tokyo.
The 19.5-centimeter (7. 7-inch 390 gram (0. 9-pound) Robohon sports a 2-inch touchscreen, a quad-core CPU,
and can connect to 3g, LTE, and wifi networks but who cares! It a freakinrobot that makes phone calls, shoots pictures and videos,
and sends emails! A Sharp spokesperson tells Tech in Asia that the robot has an original operating system that not based on Android (the company consumer smartphones have traditionally been powered by Google OS.
Robohon can sit, stand, walk, dance it can even beam a movie or slideshow on your wall with its built-in projector.
But wait, there more! Robohon also utilizes artificial intelligence that learns your likes, dislikes, daily habits,
and frequently-visited places the more you use it. Its facial and voice recognition functions allow it to tell users apart,
so it will respond differently when talking to your spouse or children. At this point, Robohon feels almost like a miniature version of Softbank Pepper robot
but Sharp spokesperson says that the cute little guy is not yet tied up with any of Japan major telcos.
whether his dad was right by breaking out the Google. Listening in After doing some research online,
The company uses both hardware and software solutions to achieve this. Its system, bearing the catchy name Jamsdefender, combines active noise cancellation, digital volume normalization,
On the software side a method the company calls digital decibel equalizer technology normalizes the volume at a safe level.
The Aegis Pro features four built-in mics that analyze the user surrounding noise and reduce it using an opposite frequency.
The headphones can work wirelessly via bluetooth, but also come with a 3. 5mm audio jack. Aegis says the battery can last for up to 14 hours.
The Aegis Pro can also be paired with your phone, with dedicated buttons allowing you to answer a call,
but the gadget has exceeded so far US$86, 000 and still has 11 more days to go.
The target was quite modest, especially for a hardware campaign, but the team says it had to balance estimated costs with a realistic crowdfunding target that wouldn deter backers by appearing too lofty.
The scientists analyzed the process using computer simulations to determine the best method of injecting the material
It a step towards enabling computers to process information hundreds of times faster than today machines.
Computers currently shuttle information around using electricity traveling down nanoscale metal wires. Although inexpensive and easy to miniaturize,
Small enough to serve in existing and future computer architectures this technology may also enable electrically tunable and switchable thin optical components.
At a maximum voltagelose to the voltages used in today computer chipshe gap narrows, slowing the plasmons.
This web of biomolecules that supports and controls gene activity is known as the epigenome. The researchers say having the ability to steer the epigenome will help them explore the roles that particular promoters
so that we can alter the DNA packaging at that specific site, said Reddy. Gersbach and Reddy put their artificial epigenetic agent to the test by targeting a few well-studied gene promoters and enhancers.
which was isolated originally by Johannes Scheid in the Nussenzweig laboratory, targets the CD4 binding site of the HIV envelope,
and the CD4 receptor is the primary site of attachment of HIV to host cells,
or suppress infection in mouse and nonhuman primate models of HIV. But these animal models are very rough approximations of human infections,
and being hooked up to a battery about the size of a small laptop computer whenever they want to go out and about.
#Graphics in reverse Most recent advances in artificial intelligence such as mobile apps that convert speech to text are the result of machine learning, in
which computers are turned loose on huge data sets to look for patterns. To make machine-learning applications easier to build,
computer scientists have begun developing so-called probabilistic programming languages, which let researchers mix and match machine-learning techniques that have worked well in other contexts.
In 2013, the U s. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, an incubator of cutting-edge technology, launched a four-year program to fund probabilistic-programming research.
At the Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition conference in June MIT researchers will demonstrate that on some standard computer-vision tasks,
short programs less than 50 lines long written in a probabilistic programming language are competitive with conventional systems with thousands of lines of code. his is the first time that wee introducing probabilistic programming in the vision area,
says Tejas Kulkarni, an MIT graduate student in brain and cognitive sciences and first author on the new paper. he whole hope is to write very flexible models, both generative and discriminative models,
By the standards of conventional computer programs those odelscan seem absurdly vague. One of the tasks that the researchers investigate,
It requires a little work to translate that description into the syntax of the probabilistic programming language,
and Pushmeet Kohli of Microsoft Research Cambridge. For their experiments, they created a probabilistic programming language they call Picture,
which is an extension of Julia, another language developed at MIT. What old is new The new work,
Even though their computers were painfully slow by today standards, the artificial intelligence pioneers saw that graphics programs would soon be able to synthesize realistic images by calculating the way in
which light reflected off of virtual objects. This is, essentially how Pixar makes movies. Some researchers,
Calculating the color value of the pixels in a single frame of oy Storyis a huge computation, but it deterministic:
what probabilistic programming languages are designed to do. Kulkarni and his colleagues considered four different problems in computer vision,
each of which involves inferring the three-dimensional shape of an object from 2-D information. On some tasks, their simple programs actually outperformed prior systems.
Learning to learn In a probabilistic programming language the heavy lifting is done by the inference algorithm the algorithm that continuously readjusts probabilities on the basis of new pieces of training data.
In that respect, Kulkarni and his colleagues had the advantage of decades of machine-learning research. Built into Picture are several different inference algorithms that have fared well on computer-vision tasks.
Time permitting, it can try all of them out on any given problem, to see which works best.
so that its inference algorithms can themselves benefit from machine learning, modifying themselves as they go to emphasize strategies that seem to lead to good results. sing learning to improve inference will be task-specific,
but probabilistic programming may alleviate rewriting code across different problems, he says. he code can be generic
if the learning machinery is powerful enough to learn different strategies for different tasks. icture provides a general framework that aims to solve nearly all tasks in computer vision,
says Jianxiong Xiao, an assistant professor of computer science at Princeton university, who was involved not in the work. t goes beyond image classification the most popular task in computer vision
and tries to answer one of the most fundamental questions in computer vision: What is the right representation of visual scenes?
It is the beginning of modern revisit for inverse-graphics reasoning. e
#The Brazilian deforestation puzzle Brazil rate of deforestation went down dramatically over the last ten years.
Zhou chose a probe that specifically binds to the Pin1 enzyme active site very tightly,
an approach that is not commonly used for this kind of screen. nitially, the screening results appeared to not have positive hits,
#Computer-Designed Rocker Protein Worlds First To Biomimic Ion Transport For the first time, scientists recreated the biological function of substrate transportation across the cell membranes by computationally designing a transporter protein.
Simulations on the Stampede supercomputer of the Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) bridged the gap between the drawing board
The molecular dynamics simulations were about a microsecond of aggregate simulation time with classical force fields using the NAMD software program.
The computer allocation was made through XSEDE, the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment, a single virtual system funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) that scientists use to interactively share computing resources,
000 cores of the Stampede supercomputer. Grabe was cautious about the potential application of this research,
Think of it as a Google-like database of molecules. A battery scientist looking for a new electrolyte would specify the desired parameters and properties
uses high-throughput computer screening to calculate the properties not only of these three components but also their interactions with each other. f we can come up with an electrolyte that has a higher electrochemical window for multivalent batteries,
Using the supercomputers at Berkeley Lab National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), the researchers can screen hundreds of molecules per day.
and significantly increased survival in a mouse model of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. Bergers noted that the discovery potentially gives physicians a way to determine how effective anti-VEGF therapy might be in individual patients
says Chris Chang, an expert in catalysts for carbon-neutral energy conversions. n our system, nanowires harvest solar energy and deliver electrons to bacteria,
the researchers reproduced the hyperexcitability of epileptic neurons in mouse brains in vitro. They then injected GABA,
With a panel of 40 markers Montgomery and her colleagues have already been able to discern distinctions between NK cells derived from the two patient groups.
light photo-catalysts and ferroelectric materials in electronics. nalogous to the best metallic conductors such as copper or silver where the current is transported by electron, in d-Bismuth oxide
and already are being used in a variety of manufacturing applications, from watch parts to phone casings.
#Gamers feel the glove from Rice engineers Rice university engineering students are working to make virtual reality a little more real with their invention of a glove that allows a user to feel
and others to feel the environments they inhabit through the likes of three-dimensional heads-ups displays. The prototype glove introduced at the George R. Brown School of engineering Design Showcase
so you can hook this up to a video game and when you reach out and grab a virtual object,
and Marcia Oalley, professor of mechanical engineering and computer science. The project won the eople Choiceaward at Rice recent Engineering Design Showcase.
and is wireless to allow the player a full range of motion without having to worry about cables.
but they say programmers should find it fairly simple to implement the glove protocols into their games and other projects.
arms, legs and limbs the maximum weight that is perceptible to users and we came up with 660 grams on the forearm and much less than that on the back of the hand or on the fingers,
and that exactly what wee doing, he said. he user will hardly know it there
the authors describe developing a new site for islet transplantation under the skin, which they believe will offer less risk and far greater health benefits for patients.
but Shapiro quickly realized the liver wasn the ideal site for transplantation. hen we put islets in the liver,
we need a better, safer site to implant experimental cells. The skin offers a remarkable opportunity,
sites underneath the skin first proved inhospitable for the cells due to a lack of blood vessels needed for the islets to grow
If we put the cells into a site that been prepared by what we call our evicelessapproach,
then we can get the cells to engraft highly efficiently. his is a promising new procedure of transplanting cells into a site with the body that until now has failed historically,
if successful, could safely open the door to allow for assessment of emerging stem cell treatments. t opens up the possibility of being able to transplant stem cells into patients in a site that can be removed,
and might one day lead to microprocessors that are 100 times smaller than the ones in today computers.
one can fit more circuits on the same chip to produce a device with greater computing power.
The team used mouse models of asthma and human airway tissue from asthmatic and non-asthmatic people to reach their findings.
#Transparent Armor based on Spinel Could Also Ruggedize Your Smart Phone Imagine a glass window that tough like armor,
like the smart phone, as examples. The military in particular may want to use spinel as transparent armor for vehicles and face shields.
and a lot of his success with spinel comes from that heritage of insisting on purity and quality. n optical fiber very long:
The work was led by Professor John Sader at the University of Melbourne School of Mathematics and Statistics and Professor Michael Roukes of the California Institute of technology.
Prof Sader said. his technology is built on a new mathematical algorithm that we developed, called inertial imaging.
Many interesting and important structures in biological cells and computer chips have features smaller than that.
From several pictures under different illuminations, a single high-resolution image is constructed in the computer. So far, scientists have selected carefully the clearest glass optics for such imaging.
Multiple low resolution images of the object are combined then in the computer which leads to a clear image. he resolution improvement looks like the fog has clearedsays Hasan Yilmaz,
STAMP splits an ultra-short pulse of light into a barrage of different coloured flashes that hit the imaged object in rapid-fire succession.
These separate colour flashes are analysed and form a moving picture of what the object looked like over the time it took the dispersed light pulse to travel through the STAMP.#
STAMP splits images into a barrage of different coloured flashes, achieving several frames per shot.
OS e
#Against the Stream Scientists have created microbe-sized beads that can utilize energy in the environment to self-propel upstream by purely physical means.
you will see flashes of light every time the wheel is at the perfect spot for sunlight to hit it.
The speed of the Ferris wheel determines the frequency of the flashes you see, he said. he Argonne team work is incredibly exciting
These include newly planned light source facilities such as the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade. uch small sources
Electronics transmit data to your smartphone The sensors are made from a soft and very stretchy elastomer silicone film that is easy to integrate into textiles.
and the controller transmits it wirelessly to a smartphone or tablet, which then informs the diabetes patient that it is time to change foot position
Now a new programming approach developed by MIT engineers gives robots more ognitivecapabilities enabling humans to specify high-level goals,
or reconfigure the hardware to recover from a failure, on the fly. In March, the team tested the autonomous mission-planning system during a research cruise off the western coast of Australia.
#Smartphone video microscope automates detection of parasites in blood A research team led by UC Berkeley engineers has developed a new smartphone microscope that uses video to automatically detect
This next generation of UC Berkeley Cellscope technology could help revive efforts to eradicate debilitating filarial diseases in Africa by providing critical information to health providers in the field. e previously showed that mobile phones can be used for microscopy,
but this is the first device that combines the imaging technology with hardware and software automation to create a complete diagnostic solution,
said Daniel Fletcher, an associate chair and professor of bioengineering, whose UC Berkeley lab pioneered the Cellscope. he video Cellscope provides accurate,
Next generation Cellscope uses video, automation For this latest generation of the mobile phone microscope, named Cellscope Loa, the researchers paired a smartphone with a 3d printed plastic base where the sample of blood
microcontrollers, gears, circuitry and a USB port. Control of the device is automated through an app the researchers developed for this purpose.
With a single touch of the screen by the healthcare worker, the phone communicates wirelessly via Bluetooth to controllers in the base to process
and an algorithm automatically analyzes the telltale rigglingmotion of the worms in video captured by the phone.
The worm count is displayed then on the screen. Fletcher said previous field tests revealed that automation helped reduce the rate of human error.
starting from the time the sample is inserted to the display of the results. Pricking a finger
The short processing time allows health workers to quickly determine on site whether it is safe to administer IVM. he availability of a point-of-care test prior to drug treatment is a major advance in the control of these debilitating diseases,
Policy and Management. he research offering a phone-based app is ingenious, practical and highly needed.
and accumulate at the tumor site. Afterwards the radioactively labeled probes (blue) selectively bind to them by specific base pairing.
and gave this pytime to accumulate at the tumor site. They then administered the PNA counterpart,
paving the way for high-density storage to move from hard disks onto integrated circuits. This image taken from a computer simulation shows nanomagnets tilted at various angles,
with the white regions indicating greater angles of tilt. Researchers have found that even a small tilt of 2 degrees will facilitate magnetic switching.
in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, will lead to computers that turn on in an instant,
an associate professor of electrical engineering and computer sciences, has found that tilting magnets slightly makes them easy to switch without an external magnetic field.
we want to be able to manufacture a computer chip that includes memory so that it is close to the computational action,
which is why magnets have not yet been integrated onto computer chips. Instead, there are separate systems for long-term magnetic memory.
These include a computer hard disk drive where data are stored and the various kinds of random-access memory,
or RAM, on the integrated circuits of the central processing unit, or CPU, where calculations and logic operations are performed.
A large portion of the energy used in computing is spent on transferring data from one type of memory to another.
Doing that quickly takes more energy and generates more heat. In past research, Salahuddin and his colleagues found that directing electrical current through the rare metal tantalum creates polarity in magnets without an external magnetic field.
Researchers used PNNL Institutional Computing resources to develop and validate the tool, making it possible to process a year worth of historical grid data within a few days.
High-performance computing also made it possible to evaluate the tool performance across multiple forecasting periods,
However, the tool also runs on standard computer workstations commonly used by the electric industry.
and color of optical materials used in computer screens along with other consumer products. The work is centered on enhancing the arrangement of colloidsmall particles suspended within a fluid medium.
That means language users have a global preference for more locally grouped dependent words, whenever possible. eople want words that are related to each other in a sentence to be close together,
one from Charles University in Prague, one from Google, one from the Universal Dependencies Consortium (a new group of computational linguists),
a graduate researcher at the Wyss Institute who is pursuing his Ph d. in Engineering sciences from Harvard university. f we compared this to controlling a computer,
Working at the Center for Nanoscale Materials (CNM) and the Advanced Photon Source (APS), two DOE Office of Science User Facilities located at Argonne,
Subramanian Sankaranarayanan and Sanket Deshmukh at CNM used the high-performance computing resources at DOE National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center and the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility (ALCF
), both DOE Office of Science User Facilities, to analyze the surface of the nanoparticles. They discovered that the amount of surface covered by the organic molecules
which causes the Earth auroral displays the planet magnetic field interacting with the solar wind. hat we see on this object appears to be the same phenomenon wee seen on Jupiter, for example,
The variation in this return signal over time is interpreted by a computer to which the reader is wired,
you could use these to measure dissolved oxygen or ph from a lot of different sites all over a pond or a lake,
a research group led by Harold kipgarner, a professor in the departments of biological science, computer science, and basic science at Virginia Tech Carilion Medical school, analyzed an often ignored part of the human genome repetitive DNA sequences referred to as microsatellites.
Researchers with the institute Medical Informatics Systems division say cancer types can be found or predicted from specific markers within these repetitive sequences, known as cancer-associated microsatellite loci, or CAML.
However, these molecules can also cause collateral damage to healthy tissue around the infection site:
or site of damage in the structure of DNA, called 5-chlorocytosine (5clc) in the inflamed tissues of mice infected with the pathogen Helicobacter hepaticus.
the researchers first placed the 5clc lesion at a specific site within the genome of a bacterial virus. They then replicated the virus within the cell.
when triggered by infection, fires hypochlorous acid at the site, damaging cytosines in the DNA of the surrounding healthy tissue.
#Animal-eye view of the world revealed with new visual software New camera technology that reveals the world through the eyes of animals has been developed by University of Exeter researchers.
The software, which converts digital photos to animal vision, can be used to analyse colours and patterns and is particularly useful for the study of animal
The software has already been used by the Sensory Ecology group in a wide range of studies,
iewing the world through the eyes of another animal has now become much easier thanks to our new software. igital cameras are powerful tools for measuring colours
Our software allows us to calibrate images and convert them to animal vision, so that we can measure how the scene might look to humans
and nonhumans alike. e hope that other scientists will use this open access software to help with their digital image analysis. ntil now,
there has been no user friendly software programme that enables researchers to calibrate their images, incorporate multiple layers visible and UV channels-,convert to animal colour spaces,
including the sometimes complex programming and calculations involved. This freely available open source software now offers a user friendly solution.
Colour vision varies substantially across the animal kingdom, and can even vary within a given species. Most humans
one photograph taken through a visible-pass filter can be combined by the software with a second taken through an ultraviolet-pass filter.
The software can then generate functions to show the image through an animal eyes. The researchers have provided specific data on camera settings for commonly studied animals, such as humans, blue tits, peafowl, honey bees, ferrets and some fish.
reptiles and insects in their colourful sexual displays to attract mates. Source: University of Exete i
and using these to repair their damaged peripheral nerves but this approach has several disadvantages
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