#Disappearance of coral reefs, drastically altered marine food web on the horizonif history's closest analog is any indication the look of the oceans will change drastically in the future as the coming greenhouse world alters marine food webs
Scripps Institution of Oceanography UC San diego paleobiologist Richard Norris and colleagues show that the ancient greenhouse world had few large reefs a poorly oxygenated ocean tropical surface waters
Aspects of this greenhouse ocean could reappear in the future if greenhouse gases continue to rise at current accelerating rates.
The researchers base their projections on what is known about the greenhouse world of 50 million years ago
when levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere were much higher than those that have been present during human history.
Their review article appears in an Aug 2 special edition of the journal Science titled Natural Systems in Changing Climates.
At its current pace Earth could recreate the CO2 content of the atmosphere in the greenhouse world in just 80 years.
In the greenhouse world fossils indicate that CO2 concentrations reached 800-1000 parts per million.
The'rainforests-of-the-sea'reefs were replaced by the'gravel parking lots'of the greenhouse world said Norris The greenhouse world was marked also by differences in the ocean food web with large parts of the tropical and subtropical ocean ecosystems supported by minute
The tiny algae of the greenhouse world were just too small to support big animals said Norris. It's like trying to keep lions happy on mice instead of antelope;
Within the greenhouse world there were rapid warming events that resemble our projected future. One well-studied event is known as the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) 56 million years ago
For example the researchers note that with continued emissions of greenhouse gases at the high end of the scenarios annual temperatures over North america Europe
By the end of the century should the current emissions of greenhouse gases remain unchecked temperatures over the northern hemisphere will tip 5-6 degrees C warmer than today's averages.
because humans have emitted already greenhouse gases into the atmosphere and the atmosphere and oceans have already been heated.
and even rarer in its native Sumatra where the deforestation of equatorial rainforests has wreaked havoc on its habitat said UCSB biology greenhouse manager Danica Taber.
Hundreds of visitors to UCSB's greenhouse can now tick off on their bucket list seeing
Staff at the UCSB biology greenhouse had the foresight to contact the U s. Botanic Garden in Washington D c. to secure pollen from its plant (nicknamed Mortimer in social media that bloomed July 21.
While Chanel was in heat last night greenhouse staff applied the pollen donated to the female flowers.
And there are other teaching opportunities such as showing conservation students how we can go about keeping endangered species from going extinct by reproducing them in greenhouses such as ours here at UCSB.
The UCSB greenhouse will be open this evening from 5 p m. to 8 p m. Please check Chanel's Facebook page (https://www. facebook. com/Chanelthetitanarum) for updates on visiting hours.
From there Titan arum signs will guide visitors from Lot 18 to the greenhouse. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by University of California-Santa barbara. Note:
#Planetary runaway greenhouse more easily triggered, research showsit might be easier than previously thought for a planet to overheat into the scorchingly uninhabitable runaway greenhouse stage according to new research by astronomers at the University of Washington and the University of Victoria published July 28 in the journal Nature Geoscience.
In the runaway greenhouse stage a planet absorbs more solar energy than it can give off to retain equilibrium.
As a result the world overheats boiling its oceans and filling its atmosphere with steam
One estimate of the inner edge of a star's habitable zone is where the runaway greenhouse process begins.
Revisiting this classic planetary science scenario with new computer modeling the astronomers found a lower thermal radiation threshold for the runaway greenhouse process meaning that stage may be easier to initiate than had been thought previously.
The habitable zone becomes much narrower in the sense that you can no longer get as close to the star as we thought before going into a runaway greenhouse said Tyler Robinson a UW astronomy postdoctoral researcher and second author on the paper.
These worlds on the very edge got'pushed in'from our perspective--they are now beyond the runaway greenhouse threshold Robinson said.
The findings apply to planet Earth As well as the sun increases in brightness over time Earth too will move into the runaway greenhouse stage--but not for a billion and a half years or so.
and preceding cooling trends to ocean circulation changes induced by global greenhouse gas emissions and aerosols predominantly generated in the Northern hemisphere from human activity.
whether this rapid warming was partly a response to greenhouse gases overcoming the cooling effect of aerosols that peaked globally in the 1980s due to the introduction of clean air legislation across United states and Europe.
To test this the researchers examined more than 40 state-of-the-art climate simulations that included historical changes to greenhouse gases and aerosols over the twentieth century.
Together with a greenhouse gas-induced southward shift the Indian subtropical ocean gyres towards the Antarctic these processes delay the Indian ocean warming in the models Dr Cai said.
For many years aerosols have masked the direct surface warming induced by greenhouse gases in many Northern hemisphere regions
however in the Southern subtropical Indian ocean both aerosols and greenhouse gases have conspired historically to produce a net oceanic cooling
or increasing greenhouse gases remains difficult but as human-generated air pollution is phased all together out this will undoubtedly reveal the full impact of greenhouse gases.
The research has been supported by the CSIRO Wealth from Oceans National Research Flagship The Australian Climate Change Science Program and the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Climate System Science.
The release of this carbon from fires adds to the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere potentially leading to additional climate warming he said.
and greenhouse gas emissions sharply with off-the-shelf equipment and proven energy management practices. Most big data centers the global backbone of the Internet could slash their greenhouse gas emissions by 88 percent by switching to efficient off-the-shelf equipment and improving energy management according to new research.
The carbon emissions generated by a search on Google or a post on Facebook are related mostly to three things:
And the Internet overall is reducing greenhouse gas emissions because it distributes goods digitally that once were delivered physically like books music publications and mail.
After IT equipment the second major way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions associated with data centers is to improve the efficiency of the buildings that support them.
Of the potential 88 percent reduction in greenhouse gas emissions though IT device efficiency accounts for about 80 percent and facility energy management for only about 8 percent.
and imported bumblebees are essential for pollination of greenhouse crops such as tomatoes. They are used also to enhance pollination of other food crops such as strawberries
#Trade-offs between food security and climate change mitigation exploredimproving crop yields using sustainable methods could cut greenhouse gas emissions by as much as 12%per calorie produced according to a new study published in the journal Environmental
Agriculture and land use change contributed about 1/3 of total human greenhouse gas emissions in the past decade through crop cultivation animal production and deforestation.
and greenhouse gas emissions. The study found that increasing livestock yields was more effective at reducing greenhouse gas emissions than increasing yields from crops that people eat.
Overall closing yield gaps by 50%for crops and 25%for livestock would lead to a 12%savings in greenhouse gas emission per calorie produced.
However says Valin Increasing livestock yield is not as beneficial to food security as can be increase crop yield just
and livestock greenhouse gas emissions and the trade-offs and co-benefits of different pathways of crop yield improvement.
and associated environmental impacts including greenhouse gas emissions responsible for climate change and reduced recreation for people.
Recasting the CAP as a Payment for Ecosystem Services mechanism would reward farmers for delivering a bundle of key of ecosystem services including climate change mitigation by the reduction of emission of greenhouse gases water regulation recreation and biodiversity conservation.
With the evidence at hand it is imperative that there is a U-turn in land use policies that allow to maximize the economic benefits of landscapes by reducing greenhouse gas emissions reducing water pollution enhanced recreation and urban greenspace and improvements
or failure of species. Field and greenhouse experiments combinedsome unique features of the Bernese study are the high number of used plant species and the sophisticated combination of several independent experiments.
At the same time the scientists conducted several greenhouse experiments to assess as accurately as possible the characteristics of each species--from seed mass
and the greenhouse the most important species traits and environmental characteristics for establishment success could be identified.
To take advantage of that fact Keenan said commercial growers have pumped for years carbon dioxide into greenhouses to promote plant growth.
and causes increases in algal blooms greenhouse gases and insects like mosquitoes that carry disease.
because converting uncultivated land would lead to major emissions of greenhouse gases and cause significant losses of biodiversity.
To do this greenhouse gases are to be stabilised at a level that is acceptable for humans and for the environment.
Realistic development pathsthe main culprit in relation to these environmental changes is the emission of the greenhouse gas CO2
The basis for the calculations is provided by a wide range of greenhouse gas scenarios that are based on realistic economic trajectories.
The climate physicists emphasise the fact that it is important for political decision-makers to link different climate targets to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions in a quantitative manner.
When cows produce more milk greenhouse gas emissions decrease because farms need fewer cows. Dr. Kim Stackhouse National Cattleman's Beef Association Director of Sustainability said animal agriculture has reduced emissions through the use of technologies.
or attributable to human-made greenhouse gases. Reconstructions of ENSO behavior are usually missing adequate records for the tropics where ENSO develops.
Like greenhouse gases volcanic aerosols perturb the Earth's radiation balance. This supports the idea that the unusually high ENSO activity in the late 20th century is a footprint of global warming explains lead author Jinbao Li.
and Roger Revelle Professor at Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California at San diego. This suggests that many models underestimate the sensitivity to radiative perturbations in greenhouse gases.
21 percent of homes account for 50 percent of greenhouse gas emissionsenergy conservation in a small number of households could go a long way to reducing greenhouse gas emissions scientists are reporting.
and to satisfy their mobility needs accounts for more than 70 percent of emissions of carbon dioxide the main greenhouse gas involved in global climate change.
and land-based mobility at the household level impacts greenhouse gas emissions. Their study of more than 3000 households in a Swiss town found that only 21 percent of the households accounted for almost 50 percent of greenhouse gas emissions.
The biggest factors contributing to a few families having a disproportionately large environmental footprint were large living spaces
At the same time he acknowledges that wetlands emit the powerful greenhouse gas (GHG) methane leading some to argue that wetlands shouldn't be created as a means to sequester carbon
The seeds and seedlings for the two new evaluations were treated in greenhouses over the winter
The team is measuring emissions of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and methane from thawing permafrost--signals that may hold a key to Earth's climate future.
Onboard the plane sophisticated instruments sniff the atmosphere for greenhouse gases. They include a very sensitive spectrometer that analyzes sunlight reflected from Earth's surface to measure atmospheric carbon dioxide methane and carbon monoxide.
A Tale of Two Greenhouse Gasesit's important to accurately characterize the soils and state of the land surfaces.
Molecule per molecule methane is 22 times more potent as a greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide on a 100-year timescale and 105 times more potent on a 20-year timescale.
If just one percent of the permafrost carbon released over a short time period is methane it will have the same greenhouse impact as the 99 percent that is released as carbon dioxide.
CARVE's simultaneous measurements of greenhouse gases will help quantify how much carbon is released to the atmosphere from fires in Alaska--a crucial and uncertain element of its carbon budget.
and climate models we can understand how increased greenhouse gases in the atmosphere along with temperature increases and precipitation changes will affect wheat yield globally.
and greenhouse gas emission. For the study the team looked at simulated yield from 27 different wheat crop models.
Cutting greenhouse gas emissions is one powerful incentive for finding a better way to provide the concrete the world needs;
Unrealistic expectations regarding bioenergy can result in failing to achieve the target of reducing greenhouse gases.
and Kansas. They also used estimates of carbon dioxide a greenhouse gas and other elements from a number of models including the government's well-tested Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) model.
The dairy industry has set a goal of 25 percent reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2020.
and wastethe researchers found that for every kilogram of milk consumed in the United states per year 2. 05 kilograms of greenhouse gases on average are emitted over the entire supply chain to produce process
The greenhouse gases were measured as carbon dioxide equivalents and included methane refrigerants and other gases that trap radiation.
#Despite safety and other concerns, nuclear power saves lives, greenhouse gas emissions, experts sayglobal use of nuclear power has prevented about 1. 84 million air pollution-related deaths
and release of 64 billion tons of greenhouse gases that would have resulted from burning coal and other fossil fuels a new study concludes.
and greenhouse gas emissions for the period 1971-2009. Nuclear power could prevent from 420000 to 7 million additional deaths by mid-century
and prevent emission of 80-240 billion tons of the greenhouse gases linked to global warming the study found.
If the role of nuclear power declines significantly in the next 20-30 years Kharecha added the International Energy Agency predicts that achieving the major reductions in greenhouse gas emissions that are required to mitigate climate change would require heroic achievements in the use
#Despite safety and other concerns, nuclear power saves lives, greenhouse gas emissions, experts sayglobal use of nuclear power has prevented about 1. 84 million air pollution-related deaths
and release of 64 billion tons of greenhouse gases that would have resulted from burning coal and other fossil fuels a new study concludes.
and greenhouse gas emissions for the period 1971-2009. Nuclear power could prevent from 420000 to 7 million additional deaths by mid-century
and prevent emission of 80-240 billion tons of the greenhouse gases linked to global warming the study found.
If the role of nuclear power declines significantly in the next 20-30 years Kharecha added the International Energy Agency predicts that achieving the major reductions in greenhouse gas emissions that are required to mitigate climate change would require heroic achievements in the use
and manufacturing of one pair of running shoes to identify hotspots of greenhouse-gas emissions. The group found that much of the carbon impact came from powering manufacturing plants:
In response companies have started to take account of their products'greenhouse-gas contributions in part by measuring the amount of carbon dioxide associated with every process throughout a product's lifecycle.
The team took a cradle-to-grave approach breaking down every possible greenhouse gas-emitting step:
because the last transition from icehouse to greenhouse occurred between 335 and 290 million years ago.
A lot of the changes in greenhouse gases and in a shrinking ice volume then are similar to
Today we're seeing change in greenhouse gas concentrations of CO2 on the order of centuries and decades.
Although the requirement has been postponed until January 2014 the aviation sector is actively seeking ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through biofuels.
The remainder can lead to production of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide or to eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems through water run off.
These native South american varieties were crossed in the greenhouse with commercial varieties using natural procedures. The selection of and crossing between individuals with the best traits has given rise to the four clones mentioned.
and UC Berkeley and have discovered new materials to capture methane the second highest concentration greenhouse gas emitted into the atmosphere.
Unlike carbon dioxide the largest emitted greenhouse gas which can be captured both physically and chemically in a variety of solvents and porous solids methane is completely nonpolar
Methane is far more potent as a greenhouse gas than CO2. Researchers have found that the release of as little as 1 percent of methane from the Arctic alone could have a warming effect approaching that being produced by all of the CO2 that has been pumped into the atmosphere by human activity since the start of the Industrial revolution.
Under controlled conditions in a greenhouse laboratory researchers at NC State found that immature Generation A kudzu bugs were limited not to feeding on kudzu--they were feed able to exclusively on soybeans reach maturity
#Limiting greenhouse gas emissions from land use in Europenot only do humans emit greenhouse gases into the atmosphere
or other land management techniques can lead to greater uptake of greenhouse gases from the atmosphere.
and land use and land productivity show that Europe could potentially reduce greenhouse gas emissions from land use by more than 60%by 2050.
and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Urban Ecosystems at the Association of American Geographers annual meeting to be held April 9-13 in Los angeles. The interdisciplinary forum is attended by more than 7000 scientists from around the world and features an array
At the meeting Townsend-Small will discuss the effects lawn-management techniques have on greenhouse gas production in urban landscapes.
either be a small sink--meaning they store carbon--or a small source of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere.
and analyzed the emission of powerful greenhouse gases such as nitrous oxide and methane. The University of Cincinnati proved to be an ideal location for Townsend-Small's project thanks to the proximity of the managed green spaces on campus and the natural environment of nearby city parks.
and urban universities such as UC that are interested in reducing their greenhouse gas emissions. Her data offer an important warning to such groups:
#Giving plants the right amount of lightenormous amounts of energy are wasted in greenhouses where our food is grown
Current greenhouses use what are known as high pressure sodium lamps which are basically the same type of lamps that are used for street lights.
Everything in modern greenhouses is very high tech except for lighting says Anna-maria Carstensen who is a Phd student in automatic control at Chalmers Temperature
Plants'response will control lighting The project's aim is to produce a system that employs the plants'response to automatically regulate the lights in the greenhouse.
This means that greenhouses in Europe alone would be able to save as much electricity as half of Sweden's electricity consumption.
Methane is about 20 times more potent than carbon dioxide as a greenhouse gas that fosters global warming.
While producing nanocellulose the algae will absorb carbon dioxide the main greenhouse gas linked to global warming.
These ecosystems are potential major sources of atmospheric methane an important greenhouse gas. UAVSAR will help us better understand processes involved with the exchange of methane between Earth's land and atmosphere and with the contribution of these unique ecosystems to Earth's climate.
This new environmentally friendly method of producing hydrogen utilizes renewable natural resources releases almost no zero greenhouse gasses
and create greenhouse gases. The U s. Department of energy says that hydrogen fuel has the potential to dramatically reduce reliance of fossil fuels
and generates a large amount of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. Industry most often uses hydrogen to manufacture ammonia for fertilizers
Hirasaki's team was one of 16 chosen by the Department of energy (DOE) in 2011 to develop innovative techniques for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from power plants.
The team's first findings appear in two new studies that are available online this month in the International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control.
In a second experiment they found scale insects collected from trees in hot areas had higher survival rates in hot greenhouses than in cool ones.
However insects originally from cooler urban areas remained low in number in both hot and cool greenhouses.
whether they relate to greenhouse gas savings or individuals claiming that new biomass varieties will all be invasive species Endres said.
#Petroleum use, greenhouse gas emissions of automobiles could drop 80 percent by 2050: U s. reporta new National Research Council report finds that by the year 2050 the U s. may be able to reduce petroleum consumption
and greenhouse gas emissions by 80 percent for light-duty vehicles--cars and small trucks--via a combination of more efficient vehicles;
and greenhouse gases vehicles must become dramatically more efficient regardless of how they are powered said Douglas M. Chapin principal of MPR Associates
In addition alternative fuels to petroleum must be readily available cost-effective and produced with low emissions of greenhouse gases.
and reductions in petroleum use and greenhouse gas emissions exceed the additional costs of the transition over and above
The report identified several scenarios that could meet the more demanding 2050 greenhouse gas goal.
but their greenhouse gas emissions are too high for the 2050 goal. However if the costs of these vehicles can be reduced
and greenhouse gas emissions; it can also be introduced without major changes in fuel delivery infrastructure or vehicles.
Vehicles powered by electricity will not emit any greenhouse gases but the production of electricity and the additional load on the electric power grid are factors that must be considered.
However varying amounts of greenhouse gases are emitted during hydrogen production and the low-greenhouse gas methods of making hydrogen are more expensive
and will need further development to become competitive. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles could become less costly than the advanced internal combustion engine vehicles of 2050.
Better yet the fungi can be propagated without sunlight or much human oversight in simple trays at room temperature--no immense greenhouses with costly temperature-control systems needed.
and plant material--in response to greenhouse gas emissions over the twenty-first century than may previously have been thought suggests a study published online this week in Nature Geoscience.
Dr Huntingford and colleagues used computer simulations with 22 climate models to explore the response of tropical forests in The americas Africa and Asia to greenhouse-gas-induced climate change.
They will also impact the global community through changes in regulatory ecosystem services relating to emissions of greenhouse gases.
The soils in the northern land mass potentially can release significant amounts of greenhouse gases
#New method for greenhouse gas predictionspulp and paper producers are among Canada's most important industries and also one of the largest producers of wastewater.
Estimating the greenhouse gas emissions in this wastewater has become a priority for the industry. Until now greenhouse gas emission estimates have been limited by the mathematical models used to predict them.
Researchers at Concordia University have developed recently a new dynamic method to better predict the emission content of these gases.
but dynamic models can estimate the variation in greenhouse gas emissions in response to changes in the wastewater management system.
Knowledge can lead to improved emission controlthe study compared steady-state and dynamic mathematical modelling predictions with actual values of greenhouse gas emissions in wastewater systems.
With this knowledge we can then recommend a strategy to reduce the emission of greenhouse gas
Application of dynamic models to estimate greenhouse gas emission by wastewater treatment plants of the pulp
#Improving climate protection in the agricultural sectoragriculture is responsible for around ten to twelve percent of all greenhouse gases attributable to human activities.
A recent study has investigated--for the first time--the full range of factors that contribute to greenhouse gas emissions namely soil
In the case of dairy farms they also factored in the purchase of soybean meal from South america and all related greenhouse gas emissions.
However greenhouse gases are emitted also during the manufacture of mineral nitrogen fertilizers and pesticides agricultural machines and equipment.
In contrast the greenhouse gas CO2 can be stored long term as humus in the soil and thus eliminated from the climate balance.
and greenhouse gas emissions fluctuate significantly between different organic farms in some cases to an even greater extent than the fluctuations between organic and conventional holdings.
This demonstrates that the individual know-how of farm managers plays an important role in the greenhouse gas balance
and high greenhouse gas emissions adds HÃ lsbergen. We are now optimizing this model so that it can be used directly by climate change advisors in the agricultural sector.
'As each GM plant moves from the laboratory to scaled-up production in a greenhouse
To study the expression of citrus srnas in response to HLB we grafted 19 greenhouse-grown healthy sweet orange plants with HLB-positive bark or leaf pieces.
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