Or you could have something like a kiwi or a kakapo which only lives in one place.
or a mixture of both contains about 1 percent nicotine and flavoring such as menthol fruit or classic tobacco.
#Goats Found To Be Much Smarter Than Previously Believednew research found that most goats tested could quickly figure out how to solve a mechanical puzzle that yielded a delicious piece of fruit.
which was a piece of fruit. Of the 12 goats tested nine of them got it within fewer than a dozen trials on average.
Two of them were disqualified for trying to pry open the fruit-box with their horns
At the food truck in Austin ICE chef Michael Laiskonis a pastry chef by training had Watson select a Vietnamese-themed kebab dish that included apple as determined by an online poll from IBM.
Apple isn't exactly your typical kebab ingredient --and neither are strawberries which were included also in the recipe
--but the result was subtly sweet and surprisingly pleasant next to a bit of ground pork.
and instructions for the apple kebabs below or check it out at IBM's site. ground pork:
and held in ice watergranny Smith apple: 1 tablespoon brunoise additional for garnishginger: 3 1/s teaspoon dividedlime zest:
Thoroughly mix ground pork scallion 1 Tbsp apple tsp grated ginger 1 pinch lime zest 1 pinch lemon zest tsp mint tsp Vietnamese curry powder pinch white pepper vanilla bean split
Remove the chicken and cool. 4) To prepare pineapple broth combine the pineapple juice 1 vanilla bean split
and scraped 2 tsp grated ginger 1 tsp lemon juice 1 tsp lime juice and 1 pinch each lemon and lime zest.
Top with a small amount of the diced apple cucumber and strawberry followed by the pickled shiitake and carrot mixture.
Pour a small amount of the pineapple broth into the dish and finish with the scallion mint chive and 1 pinch lime zest.
Season with Maldon salt and an additional grind of white peppe
#8 Steps To Sustainable Meat And Milkglobally deforestation driven by clearing land for cattle alone accounts for close to one-fifth of global greenhouse gas pollution.
Capsaicin synthase (CS) is only found in the fruit not the seeds. So if you ike the author here hought that peppers held the spice in their seeds you would be wrong.
or single nucleotide proteins (snips) that make up unique fingerprints of different cacao species and hybrid varieties...
Zhang who worked at a cacao research center in Peru for a decade decided to use the seed coat of the cacao bean to extract the DNA needed to make a positive identification of the plant's origins.
Zhang and colleagues successfully identified the location of the type of cacao trees grown in the Cajamarca Province of Peru as compared to the kind of cacao grown in other parts of Peru Brazil Trinidad and Ecuador.
while the test could be used to distinguish between cacao varities it wouldn't necessarily result in better-tasting chocolate as that may be influenced more strongly by production techniques.
That contrasts with English smell descriptions which often compare smells with things using phrases such as smells like bananas or smells like a wet dog. tpã:
the smell of certain flowers and ripe fruits. Perfume soap Aquilaria wood durian and bearcats have a tpã smell.
CÃ Ã Â s: petrol smoke bat droppings bat caves some species of millipedes wild ginger roots
i e. the main fruit crop in North africa and the Middle east are amongst the groups of flowering plants characterized by difficulties in species discrimination based on their look.
Consequently as in the case of date palm the fruit quality of cultivated stocks is one of the most interesting returns of this kind of study.'
and it dates back to 1969 with the type host being apple. Many studies later on associated this nematode species with several plant species including Elms.
While the architecture of these compact bushy plants allows mechanical harvesters to reap the crop the early end of growth means that each plant produces fewer fruits than their home garden cousins.
But what if commercial tomato growers could coax plants into producing more fruit without sacrificing that unique and necessary bushy plant shape?
In these plants longer flowering time substantially raises fruit yield. First identified at CSHL by George Shull in 1908 hybrid vigor--or heterosis as biologists call it--involves interbreeding genetically distinct plants to generate offspring more robust than either inbred parent.
This in turn leads to many more fruits overall. This is because Lippman explains bushy tomato varieties are highly sensitive to the amount or dosage of the florigen hormone
They looked at the following fiber intake total insoluble (whole grains potato skins etc) soluble (legumes nuts oats barley etc) cereal fruit vegetable and other sources.
Results from analyses of total insoluble fruit and vegetable fiber intake showed that the likelihood of a CVD
They add that an additional 7g of fiber can be achieved through one portion of whole grains (found in bread cereal rice pasta) plus a portion of beans/lentils or two to four servings of fruit and vegetables.
Greater intake from fruit fiber was associated with lower CVD risk. They recommend further work on the association with soluble or insoluble types of fiber.
This group includes tomato apple and legumes as well as timber trees such as oak and poplar. As an evolutionary outsider to this diverse group the Amborella genome allowed the researchers to estimate the linear order of genes in an ancestral eudicot genome
Prior to 2012 the Happy Meal was served with one of three entr e options (chicken nuggets cheeseburger hamburger) a side item (apples or small size French fry
By April 2012 all restaurants in this chain served a smaller size kid fry and a packet of apples with each CMB.
The study SNAP Education and Evaluation Study (Wave II) evaluated the impact of several nutrition education programs on fruit and vegetable consumption among low-income elementary school children and seniors.
The study found that children participating in certain nutrition education programs increased their daily fruit
Participating seniors also consumed more fruits and vegetables daily. The results of this study reiterate the critical role of nutrition education
and the Island's resources said Ann Muscat Catalina Island Conservancy president and chief executive officer. By proving the effectiveness of this humane approach to herd management this research will be a benefit to bison herds throughout the U s. It also lays the groundwork for further contraceptive studies in other wild species. The bison were brought first to the Island in 1924
Eating fruits and vegetables which are rich in essential nutrients vitamins minerals and phytochemicals such as lycopene conveys significant benefits.
Based on this data we believe regular consumption of at least the daily recommended servings of fruits
which is inhaled as a vapor along with flavors like chocolate fruit candy or even tobacco. This poll shows high levels of concern about e-cigarettes and the possibility that kids who try them could start smoking tobacco says Matthew M. Davis M d. M. A p. P. director of the C
if you want to eat healthilyconsuming the right amount of fruit and vegetables every day is down to planning ahead effort and motivation.
Participants were asked then to record how many items of fruit and vegetables they had consumed on a typical day in the previous week.
The study found that an understanding of the health benefits of eating fruit and vegetables and the confidence in their own ability to do so was key to an individual's good intentions to consume the recommended daily intake.
Planning menus or taking fruit to the workplace are examples of strategies some people use to help them achieve their goals.
#An apple a day keeps the doctor awayprescribing an apple a day to all adults aged 50
An apple a day keeps the doctor away is able to match more widespread use of modern medicine
although by all means eat more apples. In the United kingdom lifestyle changes are recommended the first step to prevent heart disease.
They analysed the effect on the most common causes of vascular mortality of prescribing either a statin a day to those not already taking one or an apple a day to everyone aged over 50 years in the UK.
while offering a daily apple to 70%of the total UK population aged over 50 years (22 million people) would avert 8500 vascular deaths.
when either apples or statins were prescribed to everybody aged over 30. However the number of adverse events is predicted to double.
An apple a day keeps the doctor away. It just shows how effective small changes in diet can be
While no one currently prescribed statins should replace them for apples we could all benefit from simply eating more fruit.
#¢Eat fresh frozen or canned (without added sugar) fruit for snacks and desserts.#¢#¢Include at least two servings of omega-3 rich seafood per week.#¢
Hungry agoutis plant trees but may never see the fruit of their labor--a fascinating feedback loop.
Taxonomy and nine new combinationsthe sweet-gum family Altingiaceae is a small group of wind-pollinated trees that produce hard woody fruits that contain numerous seeds.
Pay kids to eat fruits, vegetablesthe good news: Research suggests that a new federal rule has prompted the nation's schools to serve an extra $5. 4 million worth of fruits and vegetables each day.
The bad news: The nation's children throw about $3. 8 million of that in the garbage each day.
Researchers from Brigham Young University and Cornell observed three schools adjust to new school lunch standards that require a serving of fruits
As they report in the December issue of Public health Nutrition students discarded 70 percent of the extra fruits and vegetables.
Strange as it sounds directly paying students to eat a fruit or vegetable is less expensive
As the scholars report in The Journal of Human Resources offering small rewards increased the fruit and vegetable consumption by 80 percent.
Another danger known as a boomerang effect is the possibility that some children would eat less fruits
That's why Price and Just measured fruit and vegetable consumption before and after the week-long experiments.
When the week of prizes ended students went back to the same level of fruit and vegetable consumption as before--no lasting improvement but no boomerang effect either.
#Work with Brazilian citrus greening genome could aid Florida industrya University of Florida researcher has mapped the DNA genome of a new strain of citrus greening that could further threaten Florida's beleaguered $9 billion citrus industry.
Having all the genetic information is like having a detailed roadmap of the organism said Jackie Burns director of the UF/IFAS Citrus Research and Education Center in Lake Alfred.
Infected trees produce fruits that are unsuitable for sale as fresh fruit or for juice and most die within a few years.
The research was funded by the Citrus Research and development Foundation Inc. an affiliate of UF's Institute of food and agricultural sciences.
Frederick Gmitter a citrus breeder and faculty member at IFAS'Citrus REC said his research team has found new experimental rootstocks that seem to be supporting healthier trees--even ones with citrus greening.
Current crops involved include wine and raisin grape vineyards rice alfalfa almond walnut peach lemon avocado and corn farms.
After fruits and vegetables dairy products are the largest category of the growing $29 billion organic food sector according to the Organic Trade Association's 2013 Organic Industry Survey.
because they play critical roles in plants'development including fruit and seed size and production defense against pests and pathogens and response to abiotic stresses such as drought and ozone Pandey said.
#Toxic substances in banana plants kill root pestsbananas are a major food staple for about 400 million people in the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia Africa and Latin america.
However banana yields worldwide are threatened severely by pests. Dirk HÃ lscher from the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology in Jena Germany and an international team of researchers have discovered that some banana varieties accumulate specific plant toxins in the immediate vicinity
of root tissue that has been attacked by the parasitic nematode Radopholus similis. This local accumulation is crucial for the plant's resistance to this pest organism.
These findings provide important clues for the development of pest-resistant banana varieties. Banana yields worldwide threatened by pestsbananas are among the world's most important food crops.
Dessert bananas are produced primarily for homegrown consumption in China and India and for export to the northern hemisphere in Latin america.
In Europe they represent the most popular tropical fruit. Plantains (a type of cooking banana) are important components of daily meals in Africa and Southeast asia.
They are prized highly because of their high contents of nutrients such as potassium magnesium and vitamins B and C. Apart from fungi and insects the parasitic nematode Radopholus similis is considered a major banana pest.
It attacks the roots of banana plants causing slower growth and development of the plant and fruit.
In the final stage of the disease plants topple over often when already bearing an immature fruit bunch.
Yield losses up to 75%can be the result of R. similis infestation. In order to control such pests in banana plantations high doses of synthetic pesticides are used
which not only cause ecological damage but can also have severe negative effects on the health of people who are exposed to these chemicals.
Scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology and their colleagues from universities in Leuven (Belgium) Jena Kassel-Witzenhausen Halle Bonn and Bremen as well as the Leibniz Institute for Natural Product
They compared two banana varieties a resistant and a susceptible one and studied their defense responses to Radopholus similis.
and localize defense substances in banana roots: The plants accumulated so-called phenylphenalenones only in infected regions of their roots but not in healthy tissues.
This was the case in both the resistant and the susceptible banana variety. The concentration of the most active compound anigorufone however was much higher in the immediate vicinity of lesions on the roots of resistant bananas in comparison to infected root tissues of the nematode susceptible banana plants.
The production of the toxin alone is not responsible for the banana plant's resistance to nematodes.
It is the differential concentration in specific regions of the roots which is particularly high at the precise location of the nematode attack
We measured far higher concentrations of the toxin in these localized regions in the resistant banana variety Dirk HÃ lscher summarizes the results.
The scientists will now try to find out how resistant banana plants biosynthesize and translocate the defense compounds on a molecular level.
Such insights will provide important clues for the development of banana varieties which are resistant to the nematodes.
This could help to minimize the excessive use of highly toxic pesticides in banana plantations
berry funguswe know more about wildlife this week thanks to research by two Canadian teens.
He found that plants with higher levels of infection produced berries that were infected undeveloped and had less sugar than uninfected plants'berries.
He dug deep into historical records and found an interesting pattern: the fungus may attack Highbush cranberry the most after wet spring weather.
which does not bode well for local berry pickers or wildlife. This year there is tons of rust on the plants
and there are hardly any berries Daust explained. While Young had to search to find a scientific mentor Daust's mentor was in his house.
Young was a member of the Macoun Field Club an Ottawa club for youth who love nature.
During the past decade fruits and vegetables have been among the foods most often linked to gastroenteritis outbreaks caused by E coli
Since 2006 at least 16 salmonella outbreaks have been linked to tomatoes cantaloupes sprouts cucumbers mangoes peanut butter and peppers in addition to frozen foods containing plant products.
Marvasi said the tomato industry follows strict protocols to prevent microbial food hazards in fresh fruits and vegetables.
and crop and pathogen genotypes affect salmonella's ability to multiply in the fruit. They grew three types of tomatoes--Bonny Best Florida-47 and Solar Fire during three production seasons over two years in Live oak and Citra.
#System developed for assessing how effective species are at pollinating cropsfrom tomatoes to pumpkins most fruit
The researchers conducted a pilot study using their comprehensive approach to assess the pollination performance of various bee species on economically important highbush blueberry crops in North carolina.
when they actually appear to be important pollinators for blueberry growers. The paper Multiple Criteria for Evaluating Pollinator Performance in Highbush Blueberry (Ericales:
Ericaceae) Agroecosystems was published online Nov 25 in the journal Environmental Entomology. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by North carolina State university.
Particularly in the context of the crisis-stricken honeybee populations the buff-tailed bumblebee Bombus terrestris is being bred on an industrial scale for the pollination of fruit and vegetable crops both inside and outside greenhouses.
--and a disaster particularly for the attractive and vivid orange giant bumblebee Bombus dahlbomii. Wherever the buff-tailed bumblebee settles the native species are done for:
It evaluated the impact of several nutrition education programs on fruit and vegetable consumption among low-income elementary school children and seniors.
and found that children participating in certain nutrition education programs increased their daily fruit and vegetable consumption at home by a quarter-to a third-cup and were more likely to choose low-fat or fat-free milk.
Participating seniors consumed about a half-cup more fruits and vegetables daily. The findings from this study demonstrate the important role that evidence-based outcome-driven interventions play in helping consumers improve their dietary intake said Sheryl Cates the RTI project director.
and barriers to purchasing preparing and consuming fruits and vegetables. The study demonstrates that effective nutrition education programs like those supported by the Nutrition Education
Iguanas on visited islands predominantly eat grapes that are provided by tour operators on a daily basis. The higher concentrations of glucose found in tourist-fed iguanas may be a result of being fed too many sugary fruits such as grapes.
An overabundance of grapes in those iguanas'diets could also explain the excessive diarrhea observed during the study.
Grapes are also inherently low in potassium possessing 3-10 times less potassium than the most common plants occurring on the islands.
and reduce non-selective ingestion of sand on wet fruit. We also endorse a broad education campaign
and consume as many as 50 portions of fruit in a single day. The research focuses on the amount
and diversity of fruit consumed by primates in neotropical forests of South and Central america. The team compiled data from 290 primate dietary studies spanning 42 years of research across 17 countries.
and the amount of fruit consumed are linked--with small monkeys such as marmosets and tamarins eating more insects and less fruit.
The amount of fruit eaten gradually increases with greater body size and peaks at medium-sized primates such as saki monkeys.
But fruit intake then declines in favour of leaves in larger-bodied primates such as howler and woolly spider monkeys.
Lead researcher Dr Joseph Hawes from UEA's School of Environmental sciences said: We examined dietary data to quantify how much different primate species feed on fruit leaves and insects--particularly in relation to their body size.
We found that different species vary widely in the amount and diversity of fruits that they eat as well as the overall contribution of fruit to their diets.
We found that the diet of medium-sized primates is most likely to be dominated by fruits.
Meanwhile smaller primates which have high metabolic requirements eat more insects as they provide a high-quality source of nutrients and calories.
For example a single group of several Amazonian primate species can consume as many as 45-50 species of fruit in a single day!
One of the most surprising things that we found was that primates with wide geographic ranges do not necessarily consume a wider diversity of fruits as expected perhaps
Another surprise was that primates with higher prevalence of fruit in their diets were historically among the most poorly studied meaning we still have a lot to learn about their importance as consumers and seed dispersers.
#Ancient fig wasp lived tens of millions of years before figsa 115-million-year-old fossilized wasp from northeast Brazil presents a baffling puzzle to researchers.
The wasp's ovipositor the organ through which it lays its eggs looks a lot like those of present-day wasps that lay their eggs in figs.
The problem researchers say is that figs arose about 65 million years after this wasp was alive.
and it's the oldest representative of its family said Sam Heads a paleoentomologist at the Illinois Natural history Survey at the University of Illinois. More importantly it's possible that this wasp was associated fig
That's a good 65 million years or so prior to the first occurrence of figs in the fossil record.
The presence of a wasp with an ovipositor that looks like those used by fig wasps today is not hard evidence that figs were around in the fossil wasp's day--a time of dinosaurs Heads said.
There is no evidence of the existence of figs at this time and the most recent molecular study doesn't place figs that far back he said.
While it is possible that figs are older than current studies indicate it is also possible that something like a fig was around
and this wasp was parasitizing whatever that was. This could be an example of convergent evolution where separate species independently evolve similar traits he said.
Or the fossil wasp could be the ancestor of the fig wasp and its ovipositor first adapted to a plant or fruit that was around long before the fig later found a use in figs.
Comparing insect fossils with living organisms offers new insights into the natural history of insects the plants they pollinate
#Preference for oranges protects fruit flies from parasitesthe fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is pickier than previously thought when it comes to choosing the best site for egg-laying.
and their colleagues in Nigeria discovered that the insects prefer the smell of citrus. This preference is controlled by one single odorant receptor.
In nature laying eggs on oranges is advantageous because parasitoid wasps feeding on the larvae of Drosophila avoid citrus fruits.
The same smell that is attractive to the flies also repels the wasps. The scientists used imaging techniques to visualize the activity in certain areas of the flies brains
and identify the receptor for citrus. Flies in which this receptor was silenced were no longer able to distinguish oranges from other fruits.
For egg-laying insects selecting the best site to lay eggs is crucial for the survival of the eggs and larvae.
First Marcus Stensmyr Bill Hansson and their colleagues in the Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology tested the preferred egg-laying substrates of fruit flies by letting insects select among different ripe fruits.
They excluded damaged fruits to make sure that the smell of yeast would not influence the flies choices (yeast is the flies main food source.
An analysis of the behavioural assays showed that female flies preferred to lay their eggs on oranges.
Flies were attracted not to limonene-deficient oranges. On the other hand they were drawn immediately to fruits that had been spiked with synthetic limonene.
Although citrus is not an attractant for the flies it elicits egg laying. Interestingly evolution has split the perception of odours into two channels:
those that guide flies to their food source and those that elicit the oviposition behaviour.
and identify the olfactory sensory neurons responsible for detecting citrus. Subsequently they tested the flies responses to 450 different odours.
Apart from limonene valencene another component of citrus fruit also triggered a strong response. Valencene distinguishes the scent of oranges from that of lemons;
lemons are favoured less by flies because of their acidity. Compounds that activated these particular sensory neurons induced oviposition.
In vivo calcium imaging of the flies brains stimulated with citrus enabled the researchers to identify the corresponding odorant receptor.
It is fascinating that a complex behaviour such as choosing an egg-laying site can be broken down into multiple subroutines that have such a simple genetic basis says Marcus Stensmyr.#
although citrus should guide them to their food source: Drosophila larvae. The parasitoid wasp Leptopilina boulardii which specializes in Drosophila melanogaster is repelled by valencene.
However it is certain that female fruit flies have learned to let their offspring grow on citrus fruits
and fruit and socializing said Sauther. In gallery forests near rivers ring-tailed lemurs regularly sleep high in the canopies of tall trees.
#Fruit pest targeted by genomic researchthe spotted wing drosophila a major pest that targets berries and cherries and other fruits in the United states Canada and Europe is itself being targeted thanks to groundbreaking genome sequencing at the University of California Davis
and a public-access Web portal hosted at Oregon State university. The work is expected to accelerate basic and applied research leading to better monitoring
The spotted wing drosophila a native of Asia that was detected first in the United states in 2008 is wreaking economic havoc on crops such as blueberries cherries blackberries and raspberries.
or ripening fruit and the developing larvae feed on the soft fruit crippling crop yields. The spotted wing drosophila is a vinegar fly about 1/16 to 1/8 inch long with red eyes pale brown thorax and a black-striped abdomen.
The males have a distinguishing black spot toward the tip of each wing. Females have no spots
but have a prominent saw-like ovipositor for drilling fruit to lay their eggs. Chiu teamed with scientists at UC Davis Oregon State university the China National Gene Bank
He also pointed out that the genome work may relieve the fears of countries wishing to import American fruit but not the pest.
if ready-to-be shipped fruit contains spotted wing drosophila larvae. The UC Davis team included the Joanna Chiu lab
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