when fruit is not in season. A phenotype is the outward expression of genetic makeup
but obtain resources by hunting large and small animals and gathering fruit nuts insects and other available resources.
The digital images he uses are taken with the Apple IPHONE 4 but any current smartphone camera or digital camera will do.
of a common tree poppy California redwood chaparral currant Jeffrey pine and Valley oak. Manual adjustments to the automatic algorithm can be saved for different plants
Genetically edited super bananas and other fruit? Recent advances that allow the precise editing of genomes now raise the possibility that fruit
and other crops might be improved genetically without the need to introduce foreign genes according to researchers writing in the Cell Press publication Trends in Biotechnology on August 13th.
With awareness of what makes these biotechnologies new and different genetically edited fruits might be met with greater acceptance by society at large than genetically modified organisms (GMOS) so far have been especially in Europe they say.
This could mean that genetically edited versions of GMOS such as super bananas that produce more Vitamin a
and apples that don't brown when cut among other novelties could be making an appearance on grocery shelves.
For instance changes to the characteristics of fruit might be made via small genetic tweaks designed to increase
Genome editing of fruit has become possible today due to the advent of new tools--CRISPR TALEN and the like--and also because of the extensive and growing knowledge of fruit genomes.
So far editing tools have not been applied to the genetic modification of fruit crops. Most transgenic fruit crop plants have been developed using a plant bacterium to introduce foreign genes
and only papaya has been commercialized in part because of stringent regulation in the European union (EU). The researchers say that genetically edited plants modified through the insertion deletion
or altering of existing genes of interest might even be deemed as nongenetically modified depending on the interpretation of the EU commission and member state regulators.
Fruit crops are but one example of dozens of possible future applications for genetically edited organisms (GEOS) Kanchiswamy and his colleagues say.
â#oethe Mediterranean fruit fly infests more than 300 types of cultivated and wild fruits vegetables and nuts.
The next stage of the research will be to gain approval for open-field studies. â#Genetic elimination of field-cage populations of Mediterranean Fruit Fliesâ##is published in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society
Smith's study site offers a range of uplands lowlands transitional zones swamps and cranberry bogs.
In a study on The take 5 program 35 percent of people polled came away believing they should eat 5 fruits and vegetables a day.
Looking at that result it appears that the national program was effective at teaching people that it's important to have 5 servings of fruits and vegetables every day.
14 Roman and Etruscan bronze vessels nearly 500 waterlogged grape seeds and an enormous amount of rare waterlogged wood from both Roman and Etruscan times.
The grape seeds found in at least three different levels of the well--including the Etruscan
The payoff could come with matching these specimens with modern grapes of known varieties. Though the grape seeds are of a primary importance they are put into context by the many objects associated with the drinking of wine--a wine bucket a strainer an amphora
--and numerous ceramic vessels related to the storage serving and drinking of wine. The grape seeds often were found inside the bronze vessels a curious detail that de Grummond says could be indicative of ritual activity.
The remarkable amounts of well-preserved wood found at the bottom of the well also were most likely ritual offerings.
#Strawberry monitoring system could add $1. 7 million over 10 years to some farmsa University of Florida-developed web tool can bring growers $1. 7 million more in net profits over 10
The Strawberry Advisory System devised by an Institute of food and agricultural sciences researcher takes data such as temperature and leaf wetness and tells growers
Growers can use the system by logging onto www. agroclimate. org/tools/strawberry or use the website to sign up for email or text alerts.
Before the system was developed strawberry farmers traditionally sprayed weekly during the November-to-March growing season.
Not all strawberry growers use the system but this research might persuade them to do so said Tatiana Borisova an assistant professor in UF/IFAS food and resource economics department.
Increased adoption of this system can increase the profitability of the strawberry industry in Florida
She found that using the web tool increased net profit for strawberries with anthracnose by $1. 7 million and $890000 for those with botrytis.
Florida is the nation's second-leading strawberry producer behind California. Florida's crop brings in $366 million annually according to the State department of Agriculture and Consumer Services.
Given that world strawberry production was worth about $4. 3 billion in 2013 the development
and adoption of expert systems for small fruit production operations can benefit millions of farmers worldwide Vorotnikova said.
In 2012 and 2013 a UF/IFAS survey found 96 percent of Florida's strawberry producers said botrytis attacks their crop.
Traditionally strawberry growers sprayed their crop with fungicide weekly. But this was said not optimal John Vansickle a UF/IFAS food
#Flavor trumps health for blueberry buying, study showstaste trumps health benefits for blueberry buyers sending a strong message that fruit consumers value flavor most new University of Florida research shows.
About 61 percent of blueberry consumers buy the fruit for its flavor while 39 percent do so for psychological reasons according to two national online surveys.
By psychological researchers mean those consumers may buy blueberries because they believe the fruit which contains antioxidants provides health benefits.
UF horticultural sciences assistant professor Jim Olmstead will use the data as he breeds new types of blueberries.
Olmstead uses traditional breeding methods to create blueberry cultivars that have traits consumers want. What we're trying to determine is:
What is the consumer's perception of the ideal blueberry? What should it look taste and feel like?
said Olmstead a faculty member with UF's Institute of food and agricultural sciences. A company called Panel Direct Online recruited survey takers using an online questionnaire to ensure participants bought blueberries in the 12 months before the survey
and that they were evenly split between men and women. Three hundred and six people answered the first survey conducted in 2011.
In 2013 the researchers surveyed another 300 blueberry buyers. Respondents in both surveys answered the same questions about six blueberry traits:
firmness texture size color flavor and human nutrition. Researchers then divided traits into six more categories so respondents revealed their preferences about 36 different blueberry traits.
Consumers valued such factors as so sweetâ#no sugar added and bold and intense blueberry flavor the highest.
Also high on their list were full of juice and full of antioxidants. Olmstead said his ongoing research includes improving blueberry texture
but survey respondents did not rate texture high on their list of preferred traits. Using a nine-point scale respondents were asked to rate their blueberry experiences both good and bad.
Respondents were tested on what scientists call psychophysics or how your brain reacts to stimuli such as taste smell and texture.
The survey used metrics designed by Howard Moskowitz a psychophysicist who has helped companies including Ragu enhance flavors to meet consumer demand.
Florida blueberries generate $66 million annually according to the Florida Department of agriculture and Consumer Services. Native to North america blueberries are grown now in South america Europe Asia and Australia.
Recent surveys by online grocer Freshdirect showed only 48 percent of U s. consumers bought blueberries in the past year compared with 88 percent who bought the top-selling fruit bananas.
Historically many blueberry traits have been selected with producers in mind including climate adaptation yield harvest potential
and disease resistance said Thomas Colquhoun an environmental horticulture assistant professor and study co-author. Developing a new blueberry variety can take more than 10 years so before investing that time scientists
and growers need to know what consumers want he said. There's not just one type of customer Colquhoun said.
and refined grains and alcohol and increase consumption of fruits vegetables whole grains low fat unsweetened dairy products and low cholesterol protein.
They gave the'eat more of'foods such as fruits and vegetables a higher healthiness score
#Soursop fruit: Giving hope against cancer? The state of Nayarit in Mexico is one of the major producers of soursop (Annona muricata) at national and global level
but the fruit does not have great popularity among the population resulting in a loss of more than 20 percent of its production.
Therefore researchers at the Tepic Institute of technology (ITT) set out to use the pulp in applications different from consumption analyzing it they found the presence of acetogenins substances with chemotherapeutic properties.
During the decade of the 90s it had been reported that the soursop contained anticancer compounds; however most studies are focused mainly on the leaves roots seeds
and shell not considering the fruit. The ITT was given the task of studying the fruit's pulp fresh
and stored frozen for a year the first results show that the unprocessed and frozen pulp maintains the presence of compounds called acetogenins.
and retain in derivate foods from the soursop. The work of the Technological Institute of Tepic is in charge of Efigenia Montalvo Gonzalez who was awarded the Coca-cola award for Young Researchers in its 2013 edition a biennial award given by the National Award in Science
We are analyzing acetogenins in soursop pulp frozen for over a year in ice cream made with yogurt.
and storage of the fruit does not affect the presence of acetogenins. In a second stage of the investigation at the Technological Institute of Tepic the acetogenins in juice and fruit nectar will be treated with ultrasound then isolated and purified;
after that researchers will structurally identify the types of acetogenins present in the cultures. The results will show
whether or not the processing of foods derived from soursop affect anticancer compounds. The research also seeks to add value to the fruit so the least of it is wasted.
We focus on acetogenins compounds because in Mexico cancer is a disease that is increasing among the population
and scientific research shows that the compounds found in this fruit can encapsulate tumors but this depends on the how much is consumed.
lez indicates that once the results are obtained the process could lead to the development of products derived from the soursop as ice cream yogurt juice or puree;
and stalks rather than fruits and seeds becoming long and leggy as they reach for the sky.
or to flower and make fruit. Based on the light available the phytochrome cycles between an inactive and active state.
Good examples of natural sources of resistant starch include bananas that are still slightly green cooked and cooled potatoes such as potato salad whole grains beans chickpeas and lentils.
and spend most of their time eating shoots and fruits in patches of younger vegetation.
and features fruits such as bush tomato and bush raisin eaten by the Martu and hill kangaroos.
The two final stages occur five to 15 years after fire: Manguu when spinifex grass forms hummocks and re-establishes dominance
and kangaroo) and foraging for bush fruits Codding says. The researchers also monitored how long Martu hunters were away from their camps and
Both glycolic and D-lactic acids occur naturally in unripe fruits and certain kinds of yoghurt.
#Five daily portions of fruit and vegetables may be enough to lower risk of early deatheating five daily portions of fruit
or more daily portions of fruits and vegetables were linked to lowest risk of death. There is growing evidence that increasing fruit
and vegetable consumption is related to a lower risk of death from cardiovascular disease and cancer. However the results are not entirely consistent.
and the United states decided to examine the association between fruit and vegetable intake and risk of all-cause cardiovascular and cancer deaths.
Higher consumption of fruit and vegetables was associated significantly with a lower risk of death from all causes particularly from cardiovascular diseases.
Average risk of death from all causes was reduced by 5%for each additional daily serving of fruit
and vegetables while risk of cardiovascular death was reduced by 4 percent for each additional daily serving of fruit and vegetables.
In contrast higher consumption of fruit and vegetables was associated not appreciably with risk of death from cancer.
The researchers suggest that as well as advice to eat adequate amounts of fruit and vegetables the adverse effects of obesity physical inactivity smoking and high alcohol intake on cancer risk should be emphasised further.
The researchers say their study provides further evidence that a higher consumption of fruits and vegetables is associated with a lower risk of mortality from all causes particularly from cardiovascular diseases.
The results support current recommendations to increase consumption of fruits and vegetables to promote health and longevity.
Tree nuts are such things as almonds Brazil nuts cashews chestnuts coconuts hazelnuts pecans macadamia nuts walnuts pine nuts and pistachios.
Using the new genome data the researchers found genes related to dehydration resistance fruit development and fruit ripening.
They also found genes that contribute to volatile compounds related to fruit scent and flavor. The UC Davis portion of the work was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation.
A new mango drink enriched with antioxidants from mas cotekresearchers at the Universiti Teknologi MARA have enhanced the antioxidants present in mango fruit drink by adding the extracts of naturally occuring traditional herbs in Malaysia.
Malaysia has been blessed with a variety of fruits and herbs. Our daily diet includes the consumption of raw vegetables and herbs.
Known to be rich in Vitamin c the mango is regarded as one of the most popular fruits from the tropics.
Numerous high quality mango clones are available in Malaysia. Our interest has been at incorporating an extract from local Malaysian herbs into the mango drink to create a new way of enjoying the goodness of mango.
The antioxidant properties of herbs have been proven to deliver beneficial effects and phenolic compounds such as flavonoids have been observed to provide antioxidant effects.
However some herbs are not suitable for incorporation into mango drink due to the pungent taste and colour of the herb extract
which could interrupt the organoleptic properties of the mango drink. The objective of the present work was to produce a new mango drink enriched with the antioxidants of the mas cotek (Ficus deltoidea) herb.
This traditional herb is a plant from the Family moraceae that has been used traditionally for its medicinal properties.
Our results suggest that mas cotek could be a suitable herb for adding to mango drink.
The bioactive composition (flavonoids and Vitamin c) of mango drink containing a mas cotek aqueous extract exhibited higher total phenolic content and total flavonoid compound compared to mango drink that did not incorporate mas cotek.
when incorporated into mango drink the mas cotek aqueous extract did not affect the organoleptic properties of the drink.
--which consists of 20%mango pulp and 50%mas cotek--has the potential to be developed as a new health drink.
In 3 to 5 years shrubs produced a wealth of berries. Mature trees remained for the acorn harvest
Plants have evolved defense mechanisms to protect themselves such as thorns bitter-tasting berries and in the case of certain types of grass by harbouring toxic fungus deep within them that can be dangerous
#Farmers market vouchers may boost produce consumption in low-income familiesvouchers to buy fresh fruits and vegetables at farmers markets increase the amount of produce in the diets of some families on food assistance according to research led by NYU's Steinhardt School of Culture Education and Human Development.
Economically disadvantaged families tend to consume diets low in fruits and vegetables partially due to poor access to healthy food and their inability to pay for it.
when used to buy fruits and vegetables at markets. While most food assistance programs fail to address nutritional quality--for instance SNAP benefits can be used to buy ice cream
Each time participants shopped at the farmers market they received up to $10 in vouchers to be used toward purchasing fruits and vegetables.
We need to clarify the effects that warming will have on the reproductive phase to detect the possible impacts increased temperatures will have on flowering pollination fruit development
#Freezing blueberries improves antioxidant availabilityblueberries pack a powerful antioxidant punch whether eaten fresh or from the freezer according to South dakota State university graduate Marin Plumb.
Anthocyanins a group of antioxidant compounds are responsible for the color in blueberries she explains. Since most of the color is in the skin freezing the blueberries actually improves the availability of the antioxidants.
The food science major from Rapid city who received her bachelor's degree in December did her research as part of an honors program independent study project.
Blueberries go head to head with strawberries and pomegranates in antioxidant capacity said professor Basil Dalaly Plumb's research adviser.
In addition blueberries are second only to strawberries in terms of the fruits Americans prefer. Blueberries are beneficial for the nervous system
and brain cardiovascular system eyes and urinary tract Dalaly explained. Some claim it's the world's healthiest food.
The United states produces nearly 84 percent of the world's cultivated blueberries an estimated 564.4 million pounds of blueberries in 2012 according to the Agricultural marketing Resource Center.
Since blueberries are frozen soon after they are picked they are equal in quality to fresh Plumb explained.
She analyzed the anthocyanin content of blueberries frozen for one three and five months and found no decrease in antioxidants over fresh berries.
The leaching that occurs from freezing actually increased the anthocyanin concentration noted Plumb. The ice crystals that form during freezing disrupt the structure of the plant tissue making the anthocyanins more available.
That is why we need to consume at least seven to nine servings of fruits and vegetables a day.
He teaches a course on phytochemicals--the naturally-occurring chemical compounds in fruits and vegetable many
One of the surprises was had that she to use blueberries from Canada and Argentina because they were in season
Blueberries are a great food very good for you. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by South dakota State university.
of which emphasize fruits vegetables whole grains and low-or nonfat dairy. The findings highlight the challenges associated with packing healthful items to send to school. â#oewhen deciding what to pack parents are juggling time cost convenience and
and desserts. â#â#oethe few existing studies on packed lunches report that children who bring their lunch tend to consume fewer fruits
#Organic apple orchards benefit from green compost applicationsin traditional apple orchards effective management practices rely on two interrelated components:
University of Arkansas scientists published a study that includes recommendations for the use of various groundcover management systems for apple orchard floors.
They say that selected management systems can improve soil quality in organically managed apple orchards.
The experiments were performed in an organically managed apple orchard that was established in 2006 and continues today at the University of Arkansas'Agricultural Research and Extension Center in Fayetteville.
Compared with conventional apple orchards managed with herbicides and fertilizers green compost wood chip and shredded paper treatment may result in improved soil quality the authors concluded.
However care should be taken in organic apple production to ensure nutrients are applied not over thereby protecting soil
He Bruce Baldwin and David Ackerly UC Berkeley professors of integrative biology earlier this year received a $391000 three-year grant from the National Science Foundation to apply CANAPE to the state's plant databases
People following the DASH diet are encouraged to eat fruits vegetables low-fat dairy and protein predominantly from plant sources.
along with fruits vegetables and low-fat dairy to effectively help lower blood pressure in healthy individuals the researchers report in the Journal of Human Hypertension.
It can also be added into the washing step of meat fruits or vegetables to eliminate microorganisms.
#Children not eating enough fruit and vegetablesless than every fourth child in Europe have enough fruit
and vegetables included in their daily diet a study by Swedish researchers at Ãebro University and Karolinska Institutet shows.
and meal science at Ãebro University who together with Christel Lynch Bettina Ehrenblad and Eric Poortvliet from Karolinska Institutet and researchers from nine other European countries have examined how much fruit
Including a lot of fruit and vegetables in your diet reduces the risk of heart disease stroke diabetes
and even some forms of cancer The World health organization WHO recommends a daily intake of at least 400 grams of fruit and vegetables.
Not even half of the children in this study eat fruit every day. The picture is a little bit brighter
On average school children in this European study eat between 220-345 grams of fruit and vegetables a day.
however eat more fruit than vegetables. Researchers believe that this is due to fruit being more readily available for instance as a snack and to children finding fruit more tasty.
The most fruit is consumed by children in Norway followed by Bulgaria and Greece. In addition to the differences between countries we have also found that girls generally eat more fruit
and veg than boys Agneta Yngve continues. This cross-sectional study is the first part of the Pro Greens intervention study.
Information material has been prepared for schools in cooperation with the Swedish supermarket chain Ica with the help
How much fruit and veg should I eat and how do I best go about it? The next step for us is to evaluate
and damage fruits and vegetables causing significant economic losses for farmers. Now scientists report in ACS'Journal of Natural Products that they've discovered certain stink bug pheromone components
when they eat fruits vegetables and other important crops. It's these summer activities that have prompted efforts to reduce their populations.
#Progress in allergic asthma research after ingestion of fruitsresearchers at the UPM suggest that the interaction between two proteins can be the responsible for the allergic asthma episodes after eating an infected fruit.
and Genomics (CBGP) of Universidad Politã cnica de Madrid (UPM) conducted infection assays of commercial kiwis with Alternaria alternata spores which is a pathogenic fungus involved in chronic asthma
Researchers studied the behavior of this fruit and they found that the infected kiwis had the major allergen of the fungus
although symptoms of rot were seen not. This could trigger the involuntary ingestion of the fungus found in this fruit causing an asthmatic crisis in people allergic to Alternaria.
Alternaria alternata is a fungus that proliferates in fruit and vegetables crops and also when are collected
and are on sale for the final consumer. A protein known as Alt a 1 and related to the virulence is found in the spores this protein is described as the major allergen of this fungus.
However the symptoms of rot by Alternaria alternata are seen not in some fruits for example in kiwifruit.
All this can cause the involuntary ingestion of the fungus when eating the fruit. Researchers conducted tests by infecting commercial kiwifruit with spores of Alternaria alternata
and Kiwi proteins) they detected the presence of Alt a 1 in the pulp. What is more they observed that this fungal protein is found in the same areas that the defense protein of the kiwifruit.
From health point of view the presence of Alt a 1 in apparently healthy kiwis is important
and pollinating a wide range of crops from apples to cherries and clover. Unfortunately bees all over the world are under pressure from pesticides mites viruses bacteria fungi and environmental changes among other things.
and safety of organic and conventional plant-based foods including fruits vegetables and grains. The study team applied sophisticated meta-analysis techniques to quantify differences between organic and nonorganic foods.
For example the new study incorporates the results of a research project led by WSU's John Reganold that compared the nutritional and sensory quality of organic and conventional strawberries grown in California.
and its major nutritional findings are similar to those reported in our 2010 strawberry paper.
The team concludes that consumers who switch to organic fruit vegetables and cereals would get 20 to 40 percent more antioxidants.
That's the equivalent of about two extra portions of fruit and vegetables a day with no increase in caloric intake.
and this summer his gherkins are growing on top of a cover. As a farmer he says he sees the importance of an environmentally friendly production method.
The development of cover materials for various perennial berry-producing plants and different soils continues in Finland
Fruit is also popular as in'apple 'or'pear'shape to describe the appearance of fat distribution around the body
or'strawberry cervix'which indicates inflammation in the neck of the womb brought about by Trichomonas infection.
Water melon oranges currant jelly grapes and cherry all find their way into visual clues for a range of conditions
while breakfast food imagery is common. A'croissant'appearance in a cell nucleus is indicative of a benign growth on peripheral nerves.
Similarly a'blueberry muffin'rash is characteristic of congenital rubella while the appearance of a red blood cell is referred to as'doughnut'shaped.
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