Synopsis: 4.4. animals: Mammals: Mammal:


Livescience_2014 04916.txt

Mammalia Subclass: Theria Infraclass: Eutheria Order: Primates Suborder: Haplorrhini Infraorder: Simiiformessuperfamily: Hominoideafamily: Hominidae Subfamily: Homininaegenus & species:

Gorilla gorilla gorilla beringeisubspecies: Gallery: Great apes: All 4 Gorilla Subspecies The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists the Gorilla beringei species (mountain gorillas


Livescience_2014 05021.txt

Buffalo like most mammals bear live young which are called calves. Usually they have one calf at a time


Nature 00540.txt

the researchers determined that a precursor to at least one 1918 flu gene was present in mammals before 1911.


Nature 00584.txt

according to a non-peer-reviewed report from the US Geological Survey (USGS). More than two-thirds contained levels exceeding the Environmental protection agency's level of concern for the protection of fish-eating mammals,


Nature 01024.txt

The Qinling Mountains have shaped brown subspecies of other mammals, such as the golden takin, he notes.

and an expert on pigmentation in mammals. There are definitely a good handful of candidate genes you could sequence in the two morphs


Nature 01110.txt

It would have been only the second mammal other than the polar bear to be afforded such protection explicitly because of climate change.


Nature 01194.txt

Nature Newsa study of sexually scrambled chickens suggests that sex in birds is determined in a radically different way from that in mammals.

This cell-by-cell sex orientation contrasts sharply with the situation in mammals, in which organism-wide sex identity is established through hormones.

because nothing like them has been seen in mammals. In almost all mammals, including humans, embryonic cells are initially sexually indistinguishable.

During development, genetic factors trigger the formation of male or female gonads according to an animal's combination of sex chromosomes (XY for males and XX for females.

Clinton says the work shows that chickens have a fundamentally different way of determining their sex from mammals:

but nowhere near the extent seen in mammals. He suspects that the same rules apply to other species of bird,

this study strongly suggests that birds follow a different developmental pattern from mammals, agrees behavioural neuroscientist Juli Wade at Michigan State university in East Lansing who works on sexual differentiation in the songs of zebra finches2.


Nature 01211.txt

is harboured in mammals, birds and even insects. It can trigger abortions in goats and sheep and causes flu-like symptoms and sometimes pneumonia in humans.


Nature 01297.txt

the small-mammal fossils present; and the types of silica-rich plant remnants called phytoliths.

The Cerling group contends that the abundance of small-mammal fossils at the site which White's group says supports a woodland environment could be due to predators hiding in vegetation growing around water


Nature 02155.txt

in part because it is much easier to study seed distribution by birds and terrestrial mammals.


Nature 02321.txt

birds and forest-dwelling mammals were exposed to daily doses up to 100 times greater -and fish and marine algae to doses several thousand times greater-than are considered generally safe.

Radiation effects on egg hatching and the survival of newborn mammals still need to be surveyed


Nature 02912.txt

marine mammals and other sometimes controversial topics, prohibits agency employees from distorting science and protects the rights of NOAA scientists to speak openly about their work


Nature 02984.txt

which are a good proxy for how flu behaves in other mammals, including humans. All five mutations have been spotted individually although not together in wild viruses.

or mammals, may be better than no warnings at all. But even if a candidate pandemic H5n1 virus was detected in poultry,

The relative ease of making H5n1 transmissible between mammals in the lab should now prompt the world to address these glaring inadequacies in surveillance


Nature 03292.txt

but 21 of the 25 leeches they tested contained DNA from other mammals, including the Truong Son muntjac deer (Muntiacus truongsonensis) and the Annamite striped rabbit (Nesolagus timinsi),

but it s a very promising method for finding it and pretty much any other mammal in the forest


Nature 03674.txt

and the United kingdom, focused on populations of 18 mammal species in 196 forest fragments, within an area of more than 250,000 square kilometres.

The researchers estimated the population density of the mammals from before European colonists arrived roughly 500 years ago,

even big forest patches are in fact largely empty of mammals a proxy for the general health of the ecosystem."

Estimates of earlier mammal populations were based on the relationship between forest area and its capacity to support various species

Canale and his co-authors spent two years driving along dirt roads in three Brazilian states to interview local people about the presence of large mammals."


Nature 03791.txt

Vietnam, says that the study"certainly underscores the need for surveillance of mammals. But he adds that humans, poultry,


Nature 03796.txt

Recent experiments show how Avian flu may become transmissible among mammals. In an era of constant and rapid international travel,


Nature 03842.txt

as is typical with mammals, they have all been survived teeth that owing to the presence of protective enamel.


Nature 03850.txt

"The lesions we were seeing were strikingly similar to those that we often see on the skulls of modern mammals that ram heads,


Nature 04246.txt

Face-to-face with the earliest ancestor of all placental mammalsafter an asteroid killed off the dinosaurs save for those that evolved into today's birds a small,

A team of scientists in the United states and Canada has reconstructed now the appearance and anatomy of this creature the forebear of all'placental'mammals,

confirms that the placentals diversified a few hundred thousand years after the (non-avian) dinosaurs went extinct,

This conclusion is backed up by the fact that no one has ever found fossils of placental mammals from before the extinction of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago

These included traits from 86 living and extinct mammals.""The data matrix that they've assembled is jaw-dropping,

"It undoubtedly provides one of the best estimates of evolutionary relationships within placental mammals to date. The team took two years just to identify the characteristics that they wanted to analyse,

The resulting tree for placental mammals could help to resolve some longstanding debates. For example, it suggests that the treeshrews

the group of African mammals that includes elephants and aardvarks, evolved from ancestors in North

or otherwise travelled over long distances to explain the wide distribution of placentals today.""What fascinates me most is the tremendous incongruence between the morphological and molecular data,

Bininda-Emonds adds that the team estimated the timing of the placental evolutionary explosion using just fossil information


Nature 04297.txt

This ark maintained at a steady-197 degrees Celsius, holds the cells of 503 mammals, 170 birds, 70 reptiles and 12 amphibians and fish out of an estimated 10 million animal


Nature 04372.txt

Proximity between bird and mammal populations could also give the virus opportunities for further adaptation to mammals,


Nature 04424.txt

including mammals, the pattern of many human cases over a wide area in a short time could be explained by live markets alone,

) A key component the haemagglutinin (H) protein on the surface of the virus already contains mutations known to shift its binding preference from bird cells to those of mammals.


Nature 04439.txt

But given that H7n9 has mutations that enable it to infect mammals, pigs might be another source,


Nature 04517.txt

Bering Island is bigger than Mednyi, with small mammals such lemmings and voles, as well as a human population that creates rubbish that the foxes can eat.


Nature 04984.txt

from viruses to fish and mammals, have become invasive in the country (see Space invaders).


Nature 05082.txt

. Just as the platypus genome yielded insights into the emergence of mammals, Amborella s gives a glimpse at changes that helped flowering plants,


Nature 05147.txt

or no predators and eat other mammals with gusto, hold the top positions levels up to 5. 5. The study,


Nature 05240.txt

Examples of primer pheromones are rare in mammals; the male effect in goats and sheep,

It has long been thought that pheromones have pivotal roles in reproductive success in mammals but the mechanisms are known scarcely,


popsci_2013 00131.txt

The question of female orgasm is as usual more hotly contested though all female mammals have clitorises. Scientists can infer that animals--mostly primates--orgasm through recording physiological


popsci_2013 00559.txt

although not as well understood as for insects mammals birds and even in snakes. The recent study published in the Journal of Zoology shows that for crocodiles almost a quarter of the fruits consumed were of the âÂ#Âoefleshyã¢Â# kind.


popsci_2013 00669.txt

In 165-Million-Year-Old Fossil Evidence That Fur Predates Mammals By Shaunacy Ferro Posted on 8. 13.2013 4 Comments 8. 13.2013 at 05:


popsci_2013 00980.txt

so they're a good replacement for mammal or bird meat. They eat less food reduce our need for pesticides


popsci_2013 00981.txt

#New Awesome Mammal In The Raccoon Family Found In South Americawe don't discover new mammals very often let alone new mammals in well-known families like Procyonidae (which includes the raccoons coatis and ringtails.

Kristofer Helgen curator of mammals at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural history and author of the paper stumbled on some olinguito skins


popsci_2013 01009.txt

This squirrel-sized dude evolved long before the rise of modern mammals but the hair and fur residue found preserved in its fossil indicate that those traits existed even back in the Jurassic era.

Hair and fur have generally been considered unique to mammals so it's exciting to find that they could have been around even before the first mammals arrived on the evolutionary scene.

This bolsters the 2006 finding of one other pre-mammalian fossil with fur the only other hairy ancestor we've discovered.

and integument had evolved already before the rise of modern mammals says Zhe-Xi Luo one of the fossil's discoverers and a professor of organismal biology and anatomy at the University of Chicago.

Some of its other features though differentiate it from today's mammals. A middle ear still attached to the jaw is more reminiscent of reptiles

and the structures of its anklebones and vertebrae look very similar to other mammal-like reptiles.


popsci_2013 01048.txt

The Bt endotoxin is considered safe for humans other mammals fish birds and the environment because of its selectivity.

and the sex of the mammal all three varieties of GMO corn caused damage to the animals major detoxifying organs namely the liver and the kidneys.

While one study found that 0. 97 ppm of formaldehyde is toxic to mammals GMO corn was found to contain 200 times that amount. these comments...


popsci_2013 01103.txt

Those 28 calories of grass the cow uses to make a calorie of beef are mostly celuloise a long chain poly-sacaride that is indigestable to humans and most other mammals.


popsci_2013 01427.txt

and perhaps all or most mammals wouldn't be a strech. I know it's not tested and proven


popsci_2013 01430.txt

However mammals are too big but what if in parts they could be made smaller to survive freezing.

but this only needs to work long enough life span to give birth the next larger mammal.


popsci_2013 01830.txt

Redwing blackbirds and eastern bluebirds have been found to have much stronger and healthier broods in years that coincide with Magicicada's emergence as do mammals like foxes and raccoons.


popsci_2013 02408.txt

and many other mammals like to pee on things. It's called urine marking and acts as a form of communication through scent (and to a lesser extent a visual signal.


popsci_2013 02536.txt

Like other placental mammals we humans lost our yolk somewhere along the line but our eggs still come with a vestigial yolk sac.


popsci_2013 02556.txt

and seeds before 400 million years ago amphibians before 360 million years ago reptiles before 300 million years ago mammals before 200 million years ago

Some mammals have evolved similarly to humans (mostly hairless) without alien intervention. So where is the actual physical evidence supporting the Ancient Aliens hypothesis. All of the arguments you have presented thus far are inconclusive


popsci_2013 02985.txt

According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature researchers don't know enough about 15 percent of mammals to even determine

Twenty-one leeches contained DNA from mammals two of which were extremely rare. Although there was no evidence of the saola Gilbert did find DNA from the Annamite striped rabbit.


popsci_2013 03107.txt

(a Central/South american mammal closely related to the raccoon. Want a pet arctic fox? That'll run you $600.


Popsci_2014 00293.txt

non-primate mammals such as pigs sheep and cows. Humans don t make the sugar and we all have some form of immune response to it.


Popsci_2014 01304.txt

These results indicate a shift from the standard bird knee-driven bipedal locomotion to a more hip-driven locomotion typical of crocodilians (the only other extant archosaur group) mammals


ScienceDaily_2013 00228.txt

In the same way that the genome sequence of the platypus--a survivor of an ancient lineage--can help us study the evolution of all mammals the genome sequence of Amborella can help us learn about the evolution of all flowers said Victor Albert of the University


ScienceDaily_2013 00417.txt

But University of Utah biologists discovered that roly-poly pikas living in rockslides near sea level in Oregon can survive hot weather by eating more moss than any other mammal.

The pikas in our study actually set a new record for moss in a mammal's diet:


ScienceDaily_2013 00763.txt

In mammals competing against other males is the key to gaining access to females and increasing reproductive success. But humans are different--female choice plays an important role


ScienceDaily_2013 01100.txt

The renewal of intestinal cells only takes a few days in mammals but takes several weeks in salmon.


ScienceDaily_2013 01203.txt

The Bahamian rock iguana is among the world's most endangered lizards due to habitat loss introduced mammals illegal hunting threats related to increased tourism and smuggling for the illicit pet trade.


ScienceDaily_2013 01364.txt

The primary predator of the lemurs is a catlike carnivorous mammal called a fossa native only to Madagascar that is closely related to the mongoose


ScienceDaily_2013 01531.txt

and one--the common vampire bat D. rotundus--prefers mammals especially livestock. Common vampire bats hunt only when it is fully dark

and listen for the regular breathing sounds of sleeping mammals which serve as their main food source.


ScienceDaily_2013 03135.txt

Chitosan is nontoxic to mammals making it suitable for use as an antifungal in various applications Luã s Vicente LÃ pez adds.


ScienceDaily_2013 03244.txt

Camera traps have transformed how information is collected for many species of mammals and birds including some of the most charismatic species in existence like tigers.

ZSL and Imperial College London conservationists will continue to study the effects of logging on wildlife populations looking more broadly than just the highly charismatic cats towards other mammal species both large and small.

More detailed work aims to gather the information palm oil producers need to make their plantations more mammal-friendly

and assess whether saving patches of forest within such areas might be a viable option for saving Borneo's mammals.


ScienceDaily_2013 03268.txt

#Fossil of largest known platypus discovered in Australiano living mammal is more peculiar than the platypus.

Monotremes (platypuses and echidnas) are the last remnant of an ancient radiation of mammals unique to the southern continents.

A new platypus species even one that is highly incomplete is a very important aid in developing understanding about these fascinating mammals said Phd candidate Rebecca Pian lead author of the study.


ScienceDaily_2013 03954.txt

Conservation areas such as Queen Elizabeth and Murchison Falls which formerly contained the highest biomass of mammals On earth depend on the delicate balance between predators


ScienceDaily_2013 03972.txt

At the same time mammals have evolved immune responses to venom which in some cases escalate into maladaptive allergic reactions. We experience allergies in a much cleaner world where we don't have the same threats of venomous creatures


ScienceDaily_2013 04159.txt

Madidi National park alone contains 11 percent of the world's birds more than 200 species of mammals 300 types of fish and 12000 plant varieties.


ScienceDaily_2013 04510.txt

For example in the Arctic where about 500 gigatons of carbon is stored in permafrost large grazing mammals like caribou


ScienceDaily_2013 04633.txt

In mammals these compounds can cause gene disruption and interfere with hormone function particularly in a developing fetus.


ScienceDaily_2013 05066.txt

but the high diversity of parasites as well as the high proportion of individuals that are infected with the parasites suggest that this may be yet another example of the unusually high tolerance of these flying mammals for pathogens said co-author Juliane Schaer a researcher at the Max Planck Institute

which are highly pathogenic to other mammals including humans. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by American Museum of Natural history.


ScienceDaily_2013 05116.txt

When birds and small mammals feed on the fruit they subsequently excrete the indigestible seeds elsewhere


ScienceDaily_2013 05291.txt

and nylon DEET has been reported to inhibit an enzyme (acetylcholinesterase) in mammals that is important in the nervous system.


ScienceDaily_2013 05616.txt

In a study spanning two decades the researchers witnessed the near-complete extinction of native small mammals on forest islands created by a large hydroelectric reservoir in Thailand.

However the researchers saw native small mammals vanish with alarming speed with just a handful remaining--on average less than one individual per island--after 25 years.

Native mammals suffered the harmful effects of population isolation and they also had to deal with a devastating invader--the Malayan field rat.

In just a few years the invading rat grew so abundant on the islands that it virtually displaced all native small mammals.


ScienceDaily_2013 06446.txt

and mammals with uses that include home insect control insect-repellant clothing dog and cat flea shampoos mosquito control and agriculture.


ScienceDaily_2013 06548.txt

Contrary to prior assumptions based on examples in mammals and yeast the new research suggests that in plants GÎ

and mammals GÎ interacts with GPCRS of the type that pass through the membrane seven times--7tm receptors.


ScienceDaily_2013 07041.txt

however the practicality of testing this in mammals would be very difficult and obviously impossible in humans for ethical reasons.


ScienceDaily_2013 07732.txt

and a dozen other crocodile species enjoy an occasional taste of fruit along with their normal meat-heavy diets of mammals birds and fish.


ScienceDaily_2013 07761.txt

More recently cycads also coexisted with large herbivorous mammals such as the ice age megafauna that only went extinct a few tens of thousands of years ago.


ScienceDaily_2013 07933.txt

#Fossil of historys most successful mammal: Prehistoric rodent may have set the stage for life in trees,

and tree-dwelling mammals. Chong-Xi Yuan from the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences in Beijing China along with Chinese and American colleagues report their analysis of the fossil in the 16 august issue of Science.

What is surprising about this discovery is that these ankle features were already present in Rugosodon--a land-dwelling mammal he said.

Based on their findings the researchers suggest that such adaptations must have arisen very early in the evolution of the order setting the stage for the major diversification of rodent-like mammals that ensued.


ScienceDaily_2013 07939.txt

The discovery of the olinguito shows us that the world is explored not yet completely its most basic secrets not yet revealed said Kristofer Helgen curator of mammals at the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural history


ScienceDaily_2013 07965.txt

and mammals like the endangered Amur (or Siberian) tiger Asiatic black bear and wild boar. Listed as Endangered by IUCN Blakiston's fish owl is restricted to riparian areas in Russia China Japan and possibly North korea.


ScienceDaily_2013 08006.txt

and mammals such as SARS and bird flu represent 60 per cent of outbreaks. As well as representing a significant global health threat they also create a burden to public health systems and the global economy.


ScienceDaily_2013 08106.txt

so mice happen to be an excellent mammal to model human dietary issues because they've been living on the same diet as we have


ScienceDaily_2013 08458.txt

The disease is spread by black-legged ticks which feed on infected mice and other small mammals. Foxes and other mammal predators help control the disease by keeping small mammal populations in check.

Kabay used published studies of timber rattlers'diets at four Eastern forest sites to estimate the number of small mammals the snakes consume

and matched that with information on the average number of ticks each small mammal carried. The results showed that each timber rattler removed 2500-4500 ticks from each site annually.


ScienceDaily_2013 08594.txt

Mammals have lots of DNA kicking around that doesn't code for proteins while fruit flies have relatively little.


ScienceDaily_2013 08855.txt

food for other small and large mammals; and special benefits to birds. The report said that berries may be sufficiently important to grizzly bear diet


ScienceDaily_2013 09000.txt

Honey bees are much less complex than mammals and humans but we share many major genes said Wang


ScienceDaily_2013 09066.txt

of ecosystems that support some of the planet's most spectacular yet little-known large mammals.


ScienceDaily_2013 09135.txt

In particular mammals such as forest elephants gorillas forest antelopes and others play a major role in seed dispersal for most tree species;

the removal of these mammals by bushmeat hunters disrupts forest regeneration. Furthermore previously untouched swathes of forest are being penetrated by roads

The clock is ticking on the future of large mammals in Central africa's Congo Basin Rainforest


ScienceDaily_2013 09207.txt

Increase in forest cover north of the Congo basin might have been caused by migration to cities resulting in fewer fires and more hunting of large mammals reducing tree destruction.


ScienceDaily_2013 09615.txt

and other mammals evolved as well as help animal breeders and farmers better maintain and enhance fertility in the cattle industry said Wansheng Liu associate professor of animal genomics Penn State.

They also said the genes in the bovine Y chromosome were much more transcriptionally active compared to other mammals.

Most researchers believed that the Y chromosome of cattle would be similar to the Y chromosome of other mammals

The X and Y sex chromosome in most mammals began to diverge after 160 million years of evolution.


ScienceDaily_2013 09781.txt

The authors point out that many H7 viruses have adapted to infect mammals including horses and pigs


ScienceDaily_2013 09829.txt

but also helps answer why they affect insects but not humans and other mammals. Since this is a growing issue with cockroaches bedbugs fleas potato beetles


ScienceDaily_2013 10282.txt

because unlike their larger bodied relatives in other parts of the country that eat larger prey their diet consists of small mammals birds carrion insects fungi and other plant material.

or dying insects and small mammals are often found. In this study scientists reported on the amount of poisons found at over 300 illegal plots


ScienceDaily_2013 10283.txt

because unlike their larger bodied relatives in other parts of the country that eat larger prey their diet consists of small mammals birds carrion insects fungi and other plant material.

or dying insects and small mammals are often found. In this study scientists reported on the amount of poisons found at over 300 illegal plots


ScienceDaily_2013 10653.txt

Ultimately he and colleagues hope to be able to relate their findings in the fly brain with the operation of the brain in mammals.


ScienceDaily_2013 10659.txt

Cities, farms reroute animals seeking cooler climesin spite of considerable human development the southeastern United states region could provide some of the Western hemisphere's more heavily used thoroughfares for mammals birds

The golden mouse ornate chorus frog and southern cricket frog--three of the species that will likely be on the move in southeastern U s.--were among the nearly 3000 mammals birds

Some animals particularly small mammals and amphibians are going to have to avoid highways agricultural development and the like.


ScienceDaily_2013 11234.txt

Small mammals such as hyrax rabbits and rodents would have added C3 and C4 signals to the teeth of human ancestors.


ScienceDaily_2013 11267.txt

The impact we observed is different from that observed previously for mammals and birds. Instead of reducing the number of species oil palm affects amphibian communities by replacing habitat suitable for threatened species with habitat used by amphibian species that are not important for conservation.


ScienceDaily_2013 11458.txt

This gene is the insect equivalent of a transcription factor found in mammals. Transcription factors regulate the activity of other genes.


ScienceDaily_2013 11650.txt

and mammals but we need to refine them further make them more toxic to mosquitoes


ScienceDaily_2013 11969.txt

For nonnative mammals such as humans they may experience life-threatening acute mountain sickness when visiting high-altitude regions.

Through the comparison between Tibetan antelope and other plain-dwelling mammals researchers found the Tibetan antelope had the signals of adaptive evolution


ScienceDaily_2013 12788.txt

and affects habitat use by mammals including increased prevalence of coyotes and other carnivores. Amphibians are facing an extinction crisis worldwide with 165 species likely having gone extinct in recent years according to the Amphibian Ark a coalition of conservationists devoted to seeking solutions to the decline.


ScienceDaily_2013 12808.txt

Previous research has shown that glades are preferred the grazing sites of many large African mammals. Donihue et al.'


ScienceDaily_2013 13412.txt

but while groups such as mammals birds and reptiles have been understood fairly well by scientists for decades knowledge about relationships among many types of fishes was essentially unknown--until now.


ScienceDaily_2013 13651.txt

and increased extinction risk as with another Chilean mammal that Briceã o is researching called Darwin's Fox--named for the scientific genius that first discovered it--with barely 500 now left in the world.


ScienceDaily_2013 14761.txt

which makes lemurs the most endangered mammals in the world according to the IUCN. Knowing exactly how many species we have is essential for determining


ScienceDaily_2013 15047.txt

The animals that are hunted include almost all mammals including gorillas and chimpanzees and some small species of monkey.


ScienceDaily_2013 15277.txt

but is thought otherwise to be rare in mammals. If kinship-based social dynamics were playing a critical role in these pilot whale strandings first we would expect to find that the individuals in a stranding event are in fact all related to each other.

Often stranded calves are refloated with the nearest mature females under the assumption that this is the mother explained Scott Baker co-author and Associate Director of the Marine Mammal Institute at Oregon State university.


ScienceDaily_2013 15323.txt

In this study Murray and colleagues fed young pigs milk from goats that were modified genetically to produce in their milk higher levels of lysozyme a protein that naturally occurs in the tears saliva and milk of all mammals.


ScienceDaily_2013 15661.txt

The species has a distribution falling entirely within the Maputaland-Pondoland-Albany Centre of Endemism in South africa where an extraordinary amount of endemic species is found with around 30 endemic reptiles and emblematic mammals such as the blue duiker antelope.


< Back - Next >


Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011