However as China began to import millions of tons of oilseed rape to crush for cooking oil the route opened for L. maculans to spread via contaminated seed between countries.
--and in other countries this has shown to be a precursor to the spread of the more destructive L. maculans.
The researchers modelled the potential spread of the destructive L. maculans pathogen across the oilseed rape crops in China--with predicted rates of spread of up to seventy kilometers per year
and potential spread of L. maculans on oilseed rape crops in China is published in Plant pathology.
The original article was written by Susan Gammon Ph d..Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
#Unhappy meals? Majority of very young children in California eat fast food at least once per weeka surprisingly large percentage of very young children in California including 70 percent of Latino children eat fast food regularly according to a new policy
A weekly happy meal is an unhappy solution especially for toddlers said Susan Holtby the study's lead author and a senior researcher at the Public health Institute.
The new study used data from several cycles of the California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) to examine dietary behaviors of very young children including their consumption of fast food sugar-sweetened beverages fruits
The study's authors found that in both 2007 and 2009 about two-thirds of children between the ages of 2 and 5 ate at least one fast food meal during the previous week
About 10 percent of children in this age group ate three or more fast food meals the previous week.
Although this and previous studies by the center have noted a general decline in the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages among children in California that positive trend is reversed
Specifically the study's authors found that children who ate two to three fast-food meals a week were much more likely to drink soda than those who ate less fast food.
For example an educational campaign to encourage parents to swap fruit juice for actual fruit would go far in reducing unnecessary sugar and increasing fiber and other nutrients the authors noted.
Competition weakens trees as they contend for soil moisture nutrients and sunlight. Competition also increases trees'risk to bark beetles and diseases and subsequently leads to a buildup of dead fuels.
Unable to live on their own AMF are entirely dependent on their plant hosts for the sugars they need for food.
while sapping nutrients from them. But AMF are also adept at capturing phosphorus from the soil and making it available for their hosts.
and developed deeper and stronger roots to take advantage of the nutrients that underground AMF fed them.
In exchange plants provided nutrients the fungi couldn't obtain themselves. Analysis of the R. irregularis genome also revealed several surprising details.
It has also cast off most of its genes for breaking down plant cell walls a critical ability for free-living fungi that feed off dead organic matter in soils.
For the first time a team of researchers from ETH compared the direct administration of iodine with indirect nourishment through breast milk in newborns
In the course of the study they found that giving an iodine capsule to the mother is more effective than administering it to the child directly.
Until now the earliest archaeological evidence of Buddhist structures at Lumbini dated no earlier than the third century B c. the time of the patronage of the Emperor Asoka who promoted the spread of Buddhism from present-day Afghanistan to Bangladesh.
This work provides new insights for understanding the genetic basis of tree adaptation to salt stress
They also compared the P. euphratica in response to salt stress with salt-sensitive poplar (P. tomentosa)
it's an essential oil obtain from thyme. There are commercial thymol based products for Varroa control
The proposed method consists in using powdered thymol mixed with powdered sugar. The mixture is spread in tin foil
#Research finds combo of plant nutrients kills breast cancer cellsa study led by Madhwa Raj Phd Research Professor in Obstetrics
and Gynecology at LSU Health Sciences Center New orleans and its Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center has found that a super cocktail of six natural compounds in vegetables fruits spices
The research team tested ten known protective chemical nutrients found in foods like broccoli grapes apples tofu
and turmeric root (a spice used in Indian curry) before settling upon six#Curcumin known as tumeric Isoflavone from soybeans Indo-3-Carbinol from cruciferous plants C-phycocyanin from spirulina Reservatrol from grapes and Quercetin
When combined though the super cocktail suppressed breast cancer cell growth by more than 80%inhibited migration
Although the cocktail was tested not against BRCA1 and BRAC2 previous studies have shown that they are molecular targets of four of the six compounds.
#Bird is the word--plus some side dish science! While the word thanks is included in our country's favorite holiday's name we all know the real star of the day is the food.
Why do most people like pumpkin pie warm or at room temperature?#¢#¢People like pumpkin pie at room temperature because at that temperature the filling has the perfect creamy texture
and the crust is still delightfully crunchy and flaky.#¢#¢People who enjoy warm pumpkin pie are seeking its aromas
#and they relish the flavors in the filling and the buttery notes of the crust.
Ingredients in the typical Thanksgiving day dinner have many flavor components in common.#¢#¢Root vegetables and members of the onion family share many similar flavor compounds.#¢
#¢Roasted turkey and fried turkey have compounds in common with apples chocolate pumpkin pecans molasses honey parsley leaves ham tomatoes and roasted vegetables.
How does cranberry sauce keep so long in a can vs freshly made?#¢#¢Canned cranberry sauce can last for as long at 2 years in an unopened can
because manufacturers make sure it has the perfect balance of acid and sugars. The absence of air in the can helps retain the flavors
and the nutrients from getting oxidized contaminated or spoiled.#¢#¢Freshly made cranberry sauce will last for about a month in the refrigerator in a covered container.
Although cranberries are very acidic the preparation involves the addition of sugar. It spoils more quickly than canned cranberry sauce
because it is exposed to air and the environment repeatedly. What is the science behind the pop-up thermometer in the turkey how does it work?
Can you trust it or should you always use a regular food thermometer?#¢#¢Turkey is done
when it reaches 165 degrees Fahrenheit.#¢#¢If you don't have a pop-up timer you can use a meat thermometer to figure out the temperature of the meat.
The pop-up timer which often comes with a turkey that you buy at the grocery store tells you
and check the thicker parts of the turkey meat to ensure that it is done indeed.
#¢An organic turkey simply means that the bird has met the standards for USDA Organic certification including an organic diet
or fed by humans--they're essentially hunted for the meal. In contrast free range turkeys are birds that are confined not to a cage
Because their diets were augmented with grubs worms and grass the flavor of their meat is distinctly flavorful
and the exercise supposedly improves the texture too.#¢#¢Conventional turkeys are the classic turkeys in grocery stores that are available year round called broad breasted white selectively bred to put on maximal breast meat in minimum growing time.
What about Thanksgiving makes you sleepy--is it really l-tryptophan or overeating?#¢#¢Although the after-dinner stupor associated with Thanksgiving is attributed often to the turkey and its amino acid l-tryptophan
which has documented a sleep effect even those who omit the turkey will also complain about feeling sleepy after the feast.#¢
#¢It is worth noting that l-tryptophan is also present to the same extent in other protein foods such as pork ham chicken
and fats consumed during the meal redirects the blood to the digestive system and leaves one feeling sleepy at least until they are revived by that additional slice of pie!
How does a starch help to thicken gravy? Flour or cornstarch better?#¢#¢Commercial starch--such as cornstarch or rice starch--is made of starch granules.
These little particles don't do mixed much when with cold water or any liquid but add a little heat to the mix
and the individual starch granules get to work absorbing liquid and swelling. By the time the mixture nears boiling the starch granules will have grown to about ten times their size at room temperature.
but tender matrix for the flavorful turkey drippings in your gravy that thickens even more as it cools.#¢
#¢Cornstarch is better than flour for thickening because unlike flour which also contains protein and fiber cornstarch is purely starch granules.
Sandhage and graduate student Brandon Goodwin began by examining the microscopic shapes of several types of pollen--including ragweed pecan
they gently blew vanilla or lemon odour at the restrained locust while they spoon-fed it with artificial food.
do you prefer vanilla odour or lemon odour. We walk the locust on a rod that bifurcates into two arms:
one arm has lemon odour the other vanilla. So the locust has to make up its mind:
do I go to vanilla or to lemon. Without training locusts like vanilla more than lemon. But if you pair nutritious food with lemon during the training they will go to lemon.
And if you train solitary locusts with toxic food and vanilla they will also go to lemon.
The new results show how brains do not solve problems'in a vacuum'but in interaction with the environment.
although we know the next meal is fine. The locusts do not operate in a vacuum they live in the desert.
However the reduction in mortality was similar both for peanuts and for tree nuts--walnuts hazelnuts almonds Brazil nuts cashews macadamias pecans cashews pistachios and pine nuts.
Some small studies have linked increased nuts in the diet to lower total mortality in specific populations.
A typical small packet of peanuts from a vending machine contains one ounce. Sophisticated data analysis methods were used to rule out other factors that might have accounted for the mortality benefits.
They found that the grasses'self-reinforcing effects on soil nutrients had disappeared and the percentage of invader coverage had declined.
#Study shows diet alone can be significant source of arsenicdiet alone can be a significant source of arsenic exposure regardless of arsenic concentrations in drinking
The study also confirms that toenail clippings are a good biomarker of long-term exposure to arsenic from consuming alcohol Brussels sprouts and dark meat fish.
Previous studies have shown that diet can be an important source of total arsenic exposure but the new study is the first to account for arsenic in drinking
Researchers asked 852 participants about their average consumption over the previous year of 120 different foods including dairy fruits vegetables eggs meat breads beverages and baked goods.
Researchers also found increased toenail arsenic in people who eat dark meat fish which include tuna steaks mackerel salmon sardines bluefish and swordfish.
Fish generally contain a form of arsenic that is thought to safely pass through the human body without being metabolized
but dark meat fish also contain arsenic compounds that can be metabolized. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Dartmouth College.
For some people is hard to believe that the highland papayas from the Andes are not closer related to papaya than are these Mesoamerican herbs.
However milk products are a significant source of saturated fatty acids in the Western diet. How should dairy cattle be fed for their milk to contain more unsaturated fatty acids?
In addition as a result of feed fermentation fat precursors are formed in the rumen which develop into saturated fatty acids in the mammary glands.
The effect of the forage conservation method was examined in two tests using fresh grass hay
or silage prepared with or without acid-based additive. The most advantageous effect on lipid metabolism is produced by forage from pasture or fresh cut grass.
Cows fed on fresh grass use more fatty acids originating in adipose tissue to form milk fat than do other cows.
and increases the share of unsaturated oleic acid in milk fat compared to hay feed says Halmemies-Beauchet-Filleau.
As for hay feeding this accentuates the share of saturated fatty acids originating in the mammary glands. The differences in milk fat composition between hay and silage feedings were minor.
Changing to red clover is worth itmilk fatty-acid composition was investigated also by replacing grass silage with red clover silage
and using a compatible vegetable oil supplement (rape sunflower and camelina). The changes in ruminal lipid metabolism are based on the differences between plant species in terms of digestion kinetics and microbial flora in the rumen.
Replacing grass silage with red clover accomplished a distinct decrease in the saturation of fatty acids in the rumen
when given as camelina press cake. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by MTT Agrifood Research Finland.
our modification makes mulching with round bales of hay or wheat straw more efficient. For the experiments the offset round-bale unroller was used to apply hay
and wheat straw mulch to between-row areas of'Crimson Sweet'watermelon in 2009 and 2010.
One-year-old hay had less impact on weed control in 2010 compared with 2009 whereas other mulches had improved weed control in 2010.
One-year-old wheat straw and new hay had the lowest levels of weed biomass compared with new wheat straw and the no-mulch control.
These results suggest that hay and wheat straw mulches can be weed an effective control practice
The hay and wheat straw mulches were weed effective in control even at application rates in the 15000 to 20000 pound-per-acre range.
and sugar and starch synthesis. Apple one of the world's most popular fruits tends to be highly susceptible to zinc deficiency.
Other combinations of treatments were determined to increase fruit firmness soluble sugar and Vitamin c levels in the cultivars.
and the College of Agriculture and Life sciences of Texas A&m University recently announced the release of'Carotex-312'a new high-yielding orange-fruited Habanero type F1 hybrid pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.).
According to Kevin M. Crosby from Texas A&m University's Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center open-pollinated cultivars of Habanero peppers are used extensively by US growers
Crosby said that'Carotex-312'should appeal to consumers of Habanero-type peppers because of the new cultivar's large attractive orange-colored fruit.
''Tigerpaw-NR'seed is interested available to pepper researchers for experimental purposes. Small quantities of'Carotex-312'seed are available for research purposes from Crosby at the Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center at Texas A&m University.
#Poultry probiotics coat clues to ability to battle bugsifr researchers have characterized the coat of a potential poultry probiotic giving the first clues of how it may be used to exclude pathogenic bacteria from chickens.
which are long sugar-containing molecules that many bacteria use to encapsulate themselves. This capsule may help the bacteria to cope with environmental stress or aid colonisation and adhesion.
Land use in these parts of Northern europe has changed markedly with key butterfly habitats such as hay meadows disappearing at alarming rates.
Hay and silage harvest now start much earlier in the season which reduces the time available for larval development.
The changed and intensified land use has reduced also markedly the availability of nectar resources in the landscape.
Ray who is originally from India often uses bitter melon in her meals. People in Asia use this vegetable in stir fries salads
and also drink its juice as part of a healthy diet. Although more research is needed Ray believes the bitter melon extract may enhance the current treatment option.
It's difficult to measure the exact impact of bitter melon extract treatment on the cell growth
They frequently are aggressive and often spread from one part of the head or neck to another.
but also take an incredible number of images from both mast-mounted cameras and up-close imaging systems mounted to robotic arms.
#Bait research focused on outsmarting destructive beetleuniversity of Alberta researchers are closing in on developing an effective bait to get ahead of the destructive spread of mountain pine beetle
and climate change has allowed the current epidemic to spread from lodgepole pine to jack pine a tree species that was thought to be unsuitable for beetle survival in Alberta.
Currently the milk is pasteurized by using plate heat exchangers in which preheated milk is passed in countercurrent to hot water or steam.
However direct heating using plate heat exchangers has disadvantages: heat transfer is weakened by a process known as fouling in
not only results in a more homogeneous temperature gradient but is also three times faster than with a plate heat exchanger.
and unlike the plate heat exchanger it is heated not from the outside to the inside but volumetrically:
Dairies with a relatively small throughput can integrate the new microwave module into their existing plate heat exchanger system;
foulingprone plate heat exchangers will not be used. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB.
and for controlling its spread. Vegetative compatibility (vc) systems are a fungal equivalent of the tissue rejection systems in humans enabling the fungus to distinguish between self and non-self.
Alternatively if the vc system is switched off'the germinating spores might cooperate during ash leaf infection leading to a greater spread of the fungus.
and combating the spread of such diseases and to increased self-sufficiency in food. Livestock play an important role in Ethiopia as a livelihood both for nomads
#Sofrito contains substances that reduce risk of cardiovascular diseasethe combination of tomato olive oil garlic and onion in a sofrito increases the amount of polyphenols and carotenoids.
which confirms sofrito as an essential part of the Mediterranean diet. The study PREVENTION with a MEDITERRANEAN Diet (PREDIMED) has shown recently the link between the Mediterranean diet and low levels of cardiovascular disease.
The questionnaire used as a reference asked consumers how often they ate vegetables pasta rice
and other dishes made with sofrito but the beneficial compounds of this product had never been analysed.
Now researchers from the University of Barcelona (UB) and the Biomedical Research Centres Network--Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN) of the Carlos III Health Institute have identified for the first time polyphenols
Eating a daily amount of 120 grams of sofrito added to pasta for example the total intake of polyphenols is 16 to 24 milligrams per portion
tomatoes onions garlic and oil. The combination of these foods equals the bio-health compounds of each one separately.
dietary qualitymillions of families in the United states struggle to provide nutritionally adequate meals due to insufficient money or other resources.
whom had requested SNAP application assistance from Project Bread a nonprofit statewide anti-hunger organization. New SNAP participants were more likely to be non-White normal weight of lower household food security
and nutrition education initiatives that improve the nutritional impact of SNAP should be implemented to enhance the program's influence on the diets and well-being of low-income Americans.
and improving the nutritional quality of participants'diets. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Society for Nutrition Education and Behavior.
Disturbed areas of forest including those bordering pasture are less able to maintain moisture recycling
since it can take up to three weeks for the new queen to begin laying eggs
Establishment of precolonial-like habitats might also decrease the amounts of nutrients from the legacy sediments that currently flow into the Chesapeake watershed
The hope is that this paper gives us more of a global framework for how we manage our forests to conserve snowpack.
#Schools help kids choose carrots over candy barswhen schools adopt healthful nutrition policies and practices kids'diets improve.
According to new research led by Michigan State university and published in the current issue of Childhood Obesity when schools offered snacks in lunchtime a la carte
or entirely healthful students responded with improvements in their diets said Katherine Alaimo MSU associate professor of food science and human nutrition.
and improve their diet she said. Our study shows that schools can make the kinds of changes required by the forthcoming USDA guidelines
Those recommendations will set limits on calories salt sugar and fat in foods and beverages as well as promote snack foods with more whole grains low-fat dairy fruits and vegetables.
When schools implemented three or more new nutrition practices or policies students'overall diets improved.
What made the study unique in part was that the researchers measured students'overall diets not just
and cholesterol for transport to the liver. Once delivered to the liver the large load of fat was thought to cause increased blood levels of LDL (bad) cholesterol decreased levels of good cholesterol and the rise of systemic inflammation.
But that may not be the complete story. The UCLA researchers revealed that LPAS previously considered very minor
when the mice were fed the high-cholesterol high-fat diet. Surprisingly with the addition of LPAS to the low-fat diet the UCLA team also found alterations in the patterns of gene expression in the small intestine changes in cholesterol levels (increases in LDL
and decreases in HDL) and increases in blood markers of inflammation typically seen when the mice consumed a high-fat high-cholesterol diet.
The findings suggest that some of the factors leading to atherosclerosis occur in the small intestine and not just the liver.
and inflammation before the load of packaged fat even reaches the liver the researchers said.
They found that this addition to both diets prevented an increase in the level of LPAS in the small intestine and also stopped increases in bad cholesterol decreases in good cholesterol and systemic inflammation.
Wagner has started already developing a course curriculum in addition to presenting a workshop at XSEDE13. He has worked with several high-school students as part of SDSC's education program
#Ticks kill sheepin some lamb herds a mortality rate of 30 percent has been recorded albeit no predators have been involved in these losses.
The answer may be found somewhere within the genetics of the sheep and the course of the disease assessment and control of tick populations and biological control of ticks.
It is estimated that approximately 300000 lambs are exposed to this bacteria each year However they do not necessarily die from the infection says tick researcher Lise Grã¸va at Bioforsk Organic at Tingvoll in Norway.
Blood tests show that almost all the lambs are infected during the season in tick infested areas. The direct cause of death due to TBF is often an acute pasteurella infection--a bacterial disease
Disinfection of the umbilical cord in lambs immediately after birth has also been effective. It prevents new bacteria from entering the bloodstream.
Some lambs experience a shorter period of fever and a shorter period with poor immune system after an infection than others.
and whether this has an influence on the growth in lambs says Grã¸va. She emphasizes that having robust animals with good immune systems is a prerequisite for sheep husbandry in tick areas.
whether it is right to utilise them as it is seems that lambs are infected despite the use of such remedies.
Some sheep can be healthy carriers where the meat is considered safe. The bacterium is absorbed not through the gut
if fungal spores can have impact on tick populations This could contribute in helping us control tick populations for example in restricted areas such as spring pasture for sheep.
whether fungus can kill ticks in sheep pastures. This would also benefit future hikers. Tick##ites in sheep can lead to the disease tick-borne fever (TBF)
#Higher dietary acid load increases risk of diabetes, study saysa study of more than 60 000 women has shown that higher overall acidity of the diet regardless of the individual foods
A western diet rich in animal products and other acidogenic foods can induce an acid load that is not compensated for by fruit and vegetables;
A diet rich in animal protein may favour net acid intake while most fruits and vegetables form alkaline precursors that neutralise the acidity.
In our study the fact that the association between both PRAL and NEAP scores and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes persisted after adjustment for dietary patterns meat consumption
and may lead to promotion of diets with a low acid load for the prevention of diabetes.
and SUGAR supercomputers to find results for all the variations. Even so calculations for a single data point--one molecule one zeolite one temperature--often took 96 processing cores three days to complete.
and occurs in many cows after giving birth is related to higher levels of fat in the liver.
and subsequent higher levels of fat in the liver after giving birth to their calves Middleton said.
These higher levels of fat in the liver are tied often to health problems in dairy cows including increased risk for uterus and mammary infections as well as ketosis
which is a condition that results in the cows expending more energy than they are taking in through their diet.
While the researchers did not find any direct links to health problems they say correlations with higher levels of fat in the liver call for further research into the health implications of low blood calcium levels.
For herds experiencing a high incidence of subclinical hypocalcemia around the time of calving adding anionic salts to their diets
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