and tastes sometimes described as resembling smoked meat disinfectant or a dirty ashtray. In an effort to manage
The scientists grew seedlings of a laboratory plant (Arabidopsis) that is a relative of mustard using a custom imaging system
This ability to track root growth in real time led the scientists to observe that branching roots entered a dormant phase of growth as salt was introduced.
And as sea levels rise with climate change understanding how plants particularly crops react to salt might allow us to develop plant varieties that can grow in the saltier soils that will likely occur in coastal zones.
This suggests generic packaging could have a greater impact over a longer term period as the impact on young people starting smoking feeds through into the adult smoking statistics.
and often the goat is the only source of animal protein in their diet explains Rosa Garcã a. The team led by Koldo Osoro Otaduy manager of the Animal Production Systems Area at SERIDA
and stress because they have to adjust to a new diet and a new environment.
The stress of weaning can lead to reduced feed intake less available energy and an increased risk of infection.
Even if pigs ate less feed they would still have access to the triglycerides produced by these bacteria.
and many other vegetables and gamma tocopherol which is relatively abundant in vegetable fats such as soybean corn and canola oils and margarine.
#Rice-cell cocktail tough on cancer cells, nice to normal cellsjuice from rice cells can knock out two kinds of human cancer cells as well
Biologist Ramakrishna Wusirika and his team made their anticancer cocktail with blobs of rice stem-cells called calli
which is forcing them to invest much more time foraging for sustenance and leading to increased'stress'levels as detected through hormone analysis. The research published January 22 in the International Journal of Primatology took place in the tropical rainforests of the Mexican state of Veracruz
It shows that increases in howler monkey'travel time'--the amount of time needed to find requisite nourishment--are leading to increases in levels of stress hormones called glucocorticoids.
which provide an important component of their natural diet. This has led to the monkeys expending ever more time
that lay their eggs inside the unripe acorns when they are still growing in the tree.
These eggs hatch small larvae in worms shaped and feed inside the acorns without altering the external appearance of this fruit.
The effect creates an excess of strengthening sugar molecules in the willows'stems which attempt to straighten the plant upwards.
These high-energy sugars are fermented into biofuels when the trees are harvested in a process that currently needs to be more efficient before it can rival the production of fossil fuels.
and that it can be easier to release sugars from this wood. This is an important breakthrough our study now shows that natural genetic variations are responsible for these differences
Their measurements confirmed that the willows here could release five times more sugar than identical trees grown in more sheltered conditions at Rothamsted Research in the south of the UK.
The ice keeps reindeer from grazing on their winter pastures and also reduces food accessibility for the rock ptarmigan
which could in turn affect the migratory prey that reside in the area in the summer such as sea birds and barnacle geese.
#Quail really know their camouflagewhen it comes to camouflage ground-nesting Japanese quail are experts.
That's based on new evidence published online on January 17 in Current Biology that mother quail know the patterning of their own eggs
Not only are camouflaged the eggs but the birds choose to lay their eggs on a substrate that maximizes camouflage said P. George Lovell of Abertay University
and the University of St andrews. Furthermore the maximization seems specific to individual birds. Karen Spencer also of University of St andrews and a co-author had noticed earlier that female quail lay eggs that vary a lot in appearance
and that those differences are repeatable. Some birds consistently lay eggs covered in dark spots;
others have many fewer spots or in some cases almost none at all. That pattern led the researchers to an intriguing idea:
that birds might make optimal egg-laying choices based on the special characteristics of their own eggs. To find out they gave female quail in the lab a choice between four different backgrounds on
which to lay their eggs. Those choice experiments revealed that most quail mothers lay their eggs on background colors to match the spots on their eggs.
That's an effective strategy known as disruptive coloration in which contrasting patterns on surfaces make the outline of an object harder to detect.
Birds laying eggs with little patterning instead choose lighter surfaces to match the predominant background color of their eggs.
The findings suggest that quail in the wild lower the chance that their eggs will be found
and eaten by predators through careful decision-making the researchers say. Animals make choices based upon their knowledge of the environment
and their own phenotype to maximize their ability to reproduce and survive Lovell said. In this specific case birds know what their eggs look like
and can make laying choices that will minimize predation. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Cell Press.
and greenhouse gas impacts of different crops including corn poplar alfalfa and old field vegetation.
of which are linked to food items such as eggs chicken beef pork salad vegetables and dairy products. Between 1981 and 1991 the number of salmonella infections rose by 170%in the UK driven primarily by an epidemic of Salmonella enteritidis
and using the Lion Mark on eggs. The code of practice requires mandatory vaccination of all young hens destined to lay Lion eggs against Salmonella as well as traceability of hens eggs
and feed a best-before date stamped on shells and hygiene controls at packing stations.
Lion eggs now account for around 85%of the total market. Sarah O'brien Professor of Epidemiology and Zoonoses from the University's Institute of Infection and Global Health attributes a dramatic fall in the number of Salmonella cases in humans to this mass vaccination programme in poultry.
Professor O'brien said: We have seen a marked decline in the number of incidents of Salmonella infection shown by two significant studies conducted 10 years apart.
The chosen rock is in an area where Curiosity's Mast Camera (Mastcam) and other cameras have revealed diverse unexpected features including veins nodules cross-bedded layering a lustrous pebble embedded in sandstone and possibly some holes in the ground.
Some are sandstone with grains up to about peppercorn size. One grain has an interesting gleam
Other rocks nearby are siltstone with grains finer than powdered sugar. These differ significantly from pebbly conglomerate rocks in the landing area.
and if proved causal could have huge implications for public health given the popularity of these foodstuffs.
and their weekly diet. Questions focused particularly on the severity of symptoms over the preceding 12 months--including frequency
--and certain types of food already linked to protective or damaging effects on healththese included meat fish fruits and vegetables pulses cereals bread and pasta rice butter margarine nuts
potatoes milk eggs and fast food/burgers. Consumption was categorised as never; occasionally; once or twice a week;
and spectroscopy for analysis to examine at the atomic scale grain boundaries on a silicon wafer.
For electronics you would want to be able to make it on a wafer scale. Boundary free graphene is a key goal.
and Nanotechnology Lab and transferring the thin films to a silicon (Si02) wafer. They then used the STM at Beckman developed by Lyding for analysis led by first author Justin Koepke of Lyding's group.
and Nobel laureate prowess speculating that the flavonoid content of chocolate was behind the boost in brain power.
As chocolate is combined often with milk could it be the amount of milk/milk products consumed per head that fuels Nobel prize success?
not only eat more chocolate but perhaps drink milk too: or strive for synergy with hot chocolate conclude the authors who highlight their conflicts of interest
and coffee and to eat chocolate whenever the opportunity arises. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by BMJ-British Medical Journal.
and nutrients said Mccutchan. Research by study co-author and former CU undergraduate Rachel Ertz showed concentrations of nitrate in the needles of small pines that survived beetle infestations were higher than those in healthy trees outside
#Diet may not impact certain health outcomes in older personseating diets high in sugar and fat may not affect the health outcomes of older adults ages 75
and up suggesting that placing people of such advanced age on overly restrictive diets to treat their excess weight
We all know that adverse dietary patterns such as a Western diet containing high amounts of fat
or a diet containing high amounts of refined sugar both of which may contribute to obesity are associated with adverse medical conditions
and health outcomes for many people but until now the health effects of these types of poor diets have not been characterized for people who live to 75 years of age and older said Pao Ying Hsao postdoctoral fellow
The team's research is part of a decades-long collaborative study between Penn State and the Geisinger Healthcare System on the effects of nutritional status and diet on the health of more than 20000 older people
At study baseline the team assessed the participants'dietary patterns by calling each of them by telephone four or five times during a 10-month period and asking them about their diets over the previous 24 hours.
The sweets and dairy pattern was characterized by the largest proportions of energy from baked goods milk sweetened coffee and tea and dairy-based desserts and the lowest intakes of poultry.
The health-conscious pattern was characterized by relatively higher intakes of pasta noodles rice whole fruit poultry nuts fish and vegetables and lower intakes of fried vegetables processed meats
The Western pattern was characterized by higher intakes of bread eggs fats fried vegetables alcohol and soft drinks and the lowest intakes of milk and whole fruit.
However people who live on prudent diets all their lives are likely to have better health outcomes.
This simple dietary change could have a significant impact on prevention efforts. Blueberries and strawberries were part of this analysis simply
The women completed questionnaires about their diet every four years for 18 years. During the study 405 heart attacks occurred.
or less--even in women who otherwise ate a diet rich in other fruits and vegetables.
The American Heart Association supports eating berries as part of an overall balanced diet that also includes other fruits vegetables and whole-grain products.
Eating a variety of foods is the best way to get the right amounts of nutrients.
#Using lysine estimates to detect heat damage in distillers dried grains with solublesdistillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) are a good source of energy and protein in swine diets.
Excessive heat causes some of the lysine in DDGS to bond with sugars and form Amadori compounds.
The Illinois Corn Marketing Board and the feed company Agrifirm from The netherlands provided funding for this research.
#Beef industry, consumers to be affected by cattle production decreases in 2013beef production in the United states is expected to decrease 4. 8 percent in 2013 the second largest year-over-year decrease in 35 years
Beef production in 2012 decreased by approximately 1. 1 percent compared to 2011 with a 3. 3 percent decrease in slaughter
However the effect on consumption of beef does not always match the change in production.
but must be adjusted for beef imports and exports. In 2013 per capita beef consumption is expected to drop 3. 5 percent less than the production decrease
because beef imports will increase and beef exports will decrease Peel said. The decrease in per capita beef consumption in 2013 should be similar to the year-over-year decrease in 2011 compared to 2010.
In 2011 domestic per capita beef consumption decreased 3. 8 percent in large part because of a sharp increase in beef exports despite a minimal decrease in beef production.
Though 2004 had a sharper production decrease per capita beef consumption that year increased nearly 2 percent because of a sharp drop in beef exports largely attributed to the first case of Bovine spongiform encephalopathy also referred to as BSE in the United states. Beef consumption may drop more sharply in 2014 with a 5
percent decrease in per capita consumption compared to the lower 2013 level Peel said. Furthermore these decreases in beef production and consumption almost certainly imply higher wholesale
and retail beef prices although other factors will impact the price response to lower supplies.
Choice boxed beef has been trapped in a narrow range between $193 and $198 per hundredweight for the past three months.
Retail beef prices were flat to slightly lower through much of 2012 but did jump sharply in November.
In 2011 a similar decrease in beef consumption resulted in a 15 percent increase in boxed beef prices
and a nearly 10 percent increase in retail prices Peel said. Total meat consumption decreased about 2 percent in 2011
and a similar 2. 1 percent decrease is expected in 2013 with both pork and broiler consumption expected to drop approximately 1. 5 percent each.
The pressure for higher boxed beef prices will increase significantly with an expected 4. 5 percent decrease in beef production in the first quarter of 2013.
Choice boxed beef should move above $200 per hundredweight in the next few weeks. Beyond that Peel believes it will be a question of how much
and how fast retailers can pass along the higher wholesale prices to consumers. It is not really a question of
whether retail prices will go up but rather a question of how much and how fast he said.
Beef demand remains the biggest unknown in the beef industry. Time will tell just how severe the squeeze will be on industry margins in 2013.
Cattle and calves represent the number one agricultural commodity produced in Oklahoma accounting for 46 percent of total agricultural cash receipts
and adding approximately $2 billion to the state economy according to National Agricultural Statistics Service data.
and spinal cord of aborted lambs and calves. The virus prefers to infect cells called neurons
when virus is transmitted from an SBV infected mother to the calves or lambs in the uterus during pregnancy.
One of the most widely used industry standards the Whole Grain Stamp actually identified grain products that were higher in both sugars and calories than products without the Stamp.
Given the significant prevalence of refined grains starches and sugars in modern diets identifying a unified criterion to identify higher quality carbohydrates is a key priority in public health said first author Rebecca
Based on this evidence the U s. Department of agriculture's (USDA) 2010 Dietary Guidelines recommend that Americans consume at least three servings of whole grain products daily
and the new U s. national school lunch standards require that at least half of all grains be whole grain-rich.
breads bagels English muffins cereals crackers cereal bars granola bars and chips. They collected nutrition content ingredient lists and the presence or absence of the Whole Grain Stamp on product packages from all of these products.
and lower in trans fats but also contained significantly more sugar and calories compared to products without the Stamp.
and lower in trans fats sugar and sodium without higher calories than products that did not meet the ratio.
Our results will help inform national discussions about product labeling school lunch programs and guidance for consumers and organizations in their attempts to select whole grain products said senior author Steven Gortmaker professor of the practice of health sociology.
Graphite fibers are also brittle while the new CNT fibers are as flexible and tough as a textile thread.
If we want to guarantee security of supply for foodstuffs and plant-based raw materials the yield per hectare will have to double by 2050 claims the German Bioeconomy Council.
No surprise then that controlling weight needs to be about much more than just diet and exercise.
All of these programs stress education--not just for the people facing weight issues but for their families too--and long-term commitment to changed habits in addition to healthier diet and exercise practices.
Susan and Allen Fletcher had bariatric surgery at Wake Forest Baptist after years of following diets that only worked for brief periods.
and children about the importance of moderation (such as buying and eating a single-size cup of ice cream rather than a pint
Among the motivators for seniors Nicklas said are improving their physical abilities in grip (to carry groceries for example) strength
So our job is not to say'Hey we can't have any sugar-containing beverages
and eliminate duck habitat. Willow thickets also use tremendous amounts of water leaving less available for wildlife and people.
Graphene oxide burns very rapidly and leaves a cake of radioactive material you can then reuse.
Course leader Dr Mervyn Roy a lecturer at the University's Department of physics and Astronomy said:
Now University of Manchester scientists have come up with a unique deterrent--a talking tweeting chicken guarding your cupboards to shame hungry dieters into abstaining.
The chicken which not only barks out orders to sneaky snackers but even tweets that person's Twitter account to publicly shame them if they stray uses a Raspberry Pi--a tiny single-board computer.
which accelerate plant biomass conversion into sugars and further into products such as bioethanol. The project's results include lignin-tolerant enzymes and enzyme cocktails for processing spruce straw corn cob and wheat bran.
The commercialisation of these enzymes has begun now in The netherlands. The EU's DISCO project developed powerful enzymes and enzyme cocktails suitable for various raw materials with the purpose of converting agricultural side streams into fermentable sugars and further into products such as bioethanol.
Plant biomass was chosen as the raw material for the project since it contains lignocellulosic biomass which is an abundant raw material.
and wheat bran used as animal Feed in Finland the proportion of forest biomass and conifer biomass in particular is significant.
which can be converted industrially into fermentable sugars with the help of enzymes. Microbes can then be used to produce various chemicals such as bioethanol from the sugars.
Lignocellulosic biomass contains substantial amounts of lignin which interferes with enzyme activity. The DISCO project produced new knowledge on the inactivating property of lignin
This information can be used to select appropriate enzyme cocktails for raw materials when upgrading plant biomass.
'Detecting comets may sound difficult--after all the snowballs are typically only 5-20 kilometers (3-13 miles) in diameter.
and has feathers then it's probably a duck he said. The work was supported by the National aeronautics and space administration.
In a sense natural gas would become a larger slice of the energy pie. â#¢Abundant less expensive natural gas would lower energy prices across the board leading people to use more energy overall.
Consequently the entire energy pie gets bigger. â#¢The main component of natural gas methane is a more potent greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide.
White and WSU economist Mike Brady demonstrated that the willingness of consumers to pay a little more for meat products labeled to reflect a single environmentally friendly production practice such as water conservation can add up to real change.
White and Brady found that by paying 10 percent more for environmentally labeled meat products consumers could bring about huge water savings in livestock production.
In 2013 the U s. produced 26 billion pounds of beef. Based on this number White estimated that 76 to 129 billion gallons of water could be saved annually.
and compare consumers'willingness to pay for meat products with labels that reflect a single attribute of reducing environmental impact
The study also demonstrated that moderate price premiums for all cuts of meat that are acceptable to the average consumer will have a greater impact on water conservation than high premiums for a few niche products.
Growing greener grasswhite explained that cow/calf operations represent an opportunity to significantly reduce water use in beef production.
Feeding pregnant cows and suckling calves typically requires pasture or rangeland and represents a substantial maintenance cost.
Yet in the U s. intensive more efficient pasture management is not what it could be said White.
#Buy local firewood to prevent spread of invasive beetle, forest service saysenjoying the cooler temperatures with a warm toasty fire?
The Kansas Forest Service is asking residents to help save trees by buying their firewood locally all to prevent the further spread of an invasive beetle killing millions of ash trees.
The beetle invades a tree by landing on the bark and laying an egg. That larva will hatch
and has most likely spread to other trees. Armbrust says they believe the beetle first arrived in the United states through packing material.
One of them is the light-footed clapper rail a cinnamon-and-gray long-legged wading bird that lives only in Southern California and the northern Baja Peninsula.
This makes sense Long said as scale insects sap the cordgrass of sugars and nutrients. But he was curious
and excreting the salt. So he performed a second experiment in the lab growing the cordgrass with and without scale insects in either fresh water or seawater.
But when the plant gets too stressed by the salt it doesn't care about the insects anymore.
C4 crops including maize sorghum switchgrass and sugarcane are able to withstand drought heat nitrogen
the sugars that are important to producing next-generation biofuels. Our research focuses on understanding complex network interactions in grasses with a goal of engineering C4 traits into C3 grasses
Which type of bacteria causes severe lung disease in European brown hare? Molecular biological analyses of tissue samples always confront scientists with the same problem:
It might be a situation where that extra cleavage site is allowing more spread in the animal
#Worlds smallest liver-kidney transplant performed to save toddlers lifeaspen Erickson was running out of time.
she would need a combined liver-kidney transplant for a chance at a normal life.
Earlier this year she received the lifesaving procedure at University of Utah Health care--a gift that not only gave her a new beginning but also marked her as the recipient of the world's smallest liver-kidney transplant.
and 20 minute surgery on June 29 would make history as the smallest liver-kidney transplant on record.
and they spend most of their lives sick said Robin Kim M d Surgical Director of Liver Transplantation at University of Utah Health care.
and her family--are turning to the University of Utah for liver transplant services. While the U s liver transplant program is one of the youngest in the region it has established itself as among the most successful.
In 2013 the University of Utah performed the most liver transplants in the state with 35 patients undergoing lifesaving procedures at the U. The U s liver transplant program's success isn't solely based on numbers however.
After Kim took the helm of the liver transplant program three years ago the program has reached new heights under his leadership.
One example of the program's positive strides is a prestigious designation from the University Healthsystem Consortium for the outcomes of patients who've received a liver transplant at the U. The consortium an alliance of more than 100 academic medical centers and nearly 250
of their affiliate hospitals (which represent more than 90 percent of the nation's nonprofit academic medical centers) determined that in the past three years the University of Utah's operative death rate for its liver transplant program is zero.
The designation means that not only are more patients choosing to undergo liver transplants at University Hospital
but those who are undergoing transplants are surviving at a high rate and going on to live healthy lives after their procedures.
Of the 68 liver transplant programs in the U s. eligible for a critique by the UHC only four including the University of Utah have met the criteria for an operative death rate of zero said Kim.
The approach of team care only available at an academic medical center sets the U. apart from other liver transplant programs in the region.
The nonsynthetic bed bug pesticides--which contain ingredients such as geraniol rosemary oil mint oil cinnamon oil peppermint oil eugenol clove oil lemongrass oil sodium lauryl sulfate
and 2%sodium lauryl sulfate) and Bed bug Patrol (0. 003%clove oil 1%peppermint oil and 1. 3%sodium lauryl sulfate)--killed more than 90 percent of them.
None of the nonsynthetic insecticides had any noticeable effect against bed bug eggs except for Ecoraider which killed 87 percent of them.
as a result of the stimulating effect they have on the take-up of nutrients by plants phytohormone production and phytopathogen control.
These bacteria have the capacity to increase the bioavailability of nutrients present in the soil
In this respect the bacteria used in biofertilizer formulations encourage plants to absorb on their own a greater quantity of nutrients
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