They propose amendments to EU Directive 2001/18 to allow pharmaceutical products from GM plants to be commercialised without needing authorisation to enter the human food or animal feed chain.
Instead the scientists say they should be grown under clearly defined and enforced conditions to keep the food and animal feed chain'contamination free'.
Research (grant R01-NR012459) the Wake Forest University Claude D Pepper Older Americans Independence Center (P30-AG21332) and an individual postdoctoral fellowship (F32-AG039186;
A leafy plant related to a common weed known as lamb's quarter was infected also with a virus that caused a local infection.
#Decoys could blunt spread of ash-killing beetlesas the emerald ash borer ravages North american ash trees threatening the trees'very survival a team of entomologists
and engineers may have found a way to prevent the spread of the pests. Emerald ash borers (EABS) a type of beetle native to Asia first appeared in the U s. about 20 years ago.
but their larvae feed on the ash trees'sap effectively killing the trees by depriving trees of their nourishment.
Thomas C. Baker Distinguished Professor of Entomology at Penn State knew that the male EAB locates a mate by flying over an ash tree finding a female by identifying her green wings
Baker then learned that Lakhtakia was able to replicate certain biological materials such as fly eyes and butterfly wings.
The researchers were able to create a color similar to the emerald ash borer's green wings by layering different types of polymer.
They also found that the fires'rate of spread was greater when wind speeds were fast
and leaving roots nutrients and microorganisms unharmed. These frequent low-intensity fires are what forest managers attempt to mimic
The potential of spectral analysisused in everything from baked goods to trendy edamame and livestock feed to cooking oil the huge array of uses for soybeans has scientists looking for the most efficient ways to grow them.
Some health experts regard mycotoxins as the most serious chronic dietary risk factor greater than the potential health threats from pesticides and insecticides.
Government regulations thus limit levels of mycotoxins that are permissible in food and animal feed.
and using it to fertilize eggs for another 25 years. From an ecological viewpoint an ant colony is much like a tree putting out seeds with the potential to create new trees.
A 2007 study by researchers at the University of Northern Arizona estimated that 150 Clark's nutcrackers cached roughly 5 million pinyon pine nuts in a single season benefiting not only the birds themselves but also the pines
#Low-arsenic rice discovered in Bangladesh could have major health benefitsscientists identify aromatic rice with very low arsenic content and higher concentrations of essential nutrients selenium
#oebangladeshis are proud of their diet and often refer to themselves as#mache bhathe Bangali which can be translated roughly as fish
but it is important to encourage a more balanced diet that is less dependent on rice#Haris explains.
By slowly starving them of nutrients and/or oxygen through successive generations they found that in the absence of tetracycline both microbes dumped the resistance plasmid though not entirely in the case of E coli.
#Dark chocolate and red wine the food of love and healthif you want to keep your true love's heart beating strong Susan Ofria clinical nutrition manager at Gottlieb Memorial Hospital said the real
food of love is dark chocolate and red wine. In moderation red wine and dark chocolate are good health choices not just on Valentine's day but for any occasion.
You are not even choosing between the lesser of two evils red wine and dark chocolate have positive components that are actually good for your heart said Ofria a registered dietitian at the Loyola University Health System's Melrose Park campus. Red wine
and dark chocolate with a cocoa content of 70 percent or higher contain resveratrol which has been found to lower blood sugar.
Dark chocolate 70 percent or higher cocoa content--Truffles souffl s and even hot chocolate can be a good source of resveratrol
and cocoa phenols (flavonoids) as long as dark chocolate with a high content of cocoa is used. Salmon/tuna--Especially white or albacore tuna and salmon are excellent sources of omega-3 fatty acids
Oatmeal--Cooked for a breakfast porridge or used in breads or desserts oatmeal is a good source of soluble fiber niacin folate and potassium.
Black or kidney beans--Good source of niacin folate magnesium omega-3 fatty acids calcium soluble fiber. Walnuts and almonds--Both walnuts and almonds contain omega-3 fatty acids Vitamin e magnesium fiber and heart-favorable mono-and polyunsaturated fats.
Blueberries/cranberries/raspberries/strawberries--Berries are a good source of beta carotene and lutein anthocyanin ellagic acid a polyphenol) Vitamin c folate potassium and fiber.
Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Loyola University Health System. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length h
and the nutrients in such forms are difficult for plants to use. The active labile fraction however is a modest but important part of the organic matter.
It's where soil nutrients are cycled rapidly and are interacting with microbial communities. The size of the labile pool then can be an important predictor of corn agronomic performance.
This would be especially useful for nitrogen--a nutrient that is incredibly important for crop growth
and millions of workers--have enabled The argentine ant to spread across the United States displacing native species
Western diets that are based in animal and grain products are highly acidic and can lead to metabolic acidosis when too much acid builds up in the body.
--which contain alkali--to the diet might also help. Nimrit Goraya MD Donald Wesson MD (Texas A&m College of Medicine) and their colleagues tested this by randomizing 71 patients with hypertensive stage 4 CKD to receive added fruits and vegetables
Zinc is a critical element that we get from our diet but we do not think we can give zinc and fix everything.
Knoell's lab previously showed that zinc-deficient mice developed overwhelming inflammation in response to sepsis compared to mice on a normal diet.
Red meat and poultry provide the majority of zinc in the American diet according to the National institutes of health.
The nutrient is also available in supplement form. Knoell said it is possible but relatively uncommon to take in too much zinc to reach toxic levels.
because most volcanoes are located on island arcs tectonic plate boundaries that don't contain continental crust.
The standard view of the greenhouse state is that you draw carbon dioxide from the deep Earth interior by a combination of more activity along the mid-ocean ridges--where tectonic plates spread--and massive breakouts of lava called'large igneous
#No clear evidence more gluten in new wheat is responsible for increase in celiac diseaseno clear evidence exists to support the idea that celiac disease is increasing in prevalence
because farmers are growing strains of wheat that contain more gluten. That's the conclusion of an article in the ACS'Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.
Also known as gluten intolerance celiac disease occurs when gluten a protein in wheat barley and rye damages the lining of the small intestine causing a variety of symptoms.
Nobody knows why the disease is increasing. One leading explanation suggests that it results from wheat breeding that led to production of wheat varieties containing higher levels of gluten.
Kasarda's Perspective article examined the scientific evidence for that hypothesis and found that gluten levels in various varieties have changed little on average since the 1920s.
Overall gluten consumption however has increased due to other factors. One involves increased consumption of a food additive termed vital gluten
which has tripled since 1977. Vital gluten is made a food additive from wheat flour and it is added to various food products to improve their characteristics such as texture.
Overall consumption of wheat flour also has increased so that people in 2000 consumed 2. 9 pounds more gluten annually than in 1970 nearly a 25 percent increase.
Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by American Chemical Society. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
Journal Reference e
#Biodiversity helps protect nature against human impactsyou don't know what you've got'til it's collapsed.
Unlike other scientists usually relying on short-term artificial study plots the researchers studied longstanding pasture grasslands on southern Vancouver Island for 10 years.
#Benefits of Bt corn go beyond rootworm resistanceengineered to produce the bacterial toxin Bt Bt corn resists attack by corn rootworm a pest that feeds on roots
Nitrogen is an important nutrient for corn and with better root systems it's possible that Bt corn uses nitrogen differently than non-resistant strains the scientists hypothesized in turn affecting corn production.
If you can protect the investment the plants made in the root system explains Below you can realize everything that roots do like take up nutrients
and oil cracking processes and is used also in gas sensors sunscreen products and cosmetic creams.
The syrup you pour on a pancake piles up before slowly oozing out to the sides says Dr. David Mccomas IBEX principal investigator and assistant vice president of the Swri Space science and Engineering Division.
when they penetrate estrogen receptors in tissues associated with the metabolism of sugars. The prevalence of diabetes in the world has increased significantly in the last decades.
#Omega-3-rich ground beef available soonthanks to Kansas State university research part of a healthy diet can include a hamburger rich with omega-3 fatty acids.
Jim Drouillard professor of animal sciences and industry developed a technique that enriches ground beef with omega-3 fatty acids--fatty acids that have been shown to reduce heart disease cholesterol and high blood pressure.
The enriched ground beef is named Greato Premium Ground beef and is being sold through Manhattan Kan. -based company NBO3 Technologies LLC.
It will be available Mid-february at select retailers in Buffalo N y . and expand to leading retailers and restaurants nationwide later this year.
A quarter-pound hamburger made of the enriched ground beef has 200 milligrams of omega-3s and tastes the same as regular ground beef Drouillard said.
This makes the ground beef an alternative for people who want to add or increase their omega-3 fatty acids intake
but do not want fish or supplements to do so. As a society Americans'consumption of fish especially fish that contributes to these omega-3 fats is quite low compared to other proteins Drouillard said.
Americans do however like hamburgers. So if we can give people a hamburger that is rich in omega-3s it's an alternative form of a product that they already eat
and does not require a lifestyle change which is difficult to make. The health benefits of omega-3s are limited not to humans.
and beef cattle with an enriched diet of flaxseed and other omega-3 rich grains have fewer respiratory diseases.
The technology to enrich ground beef with omega-3s is a spinoff of flaxseed research Drouillard began in 1998.
Research showed that omega-3 levels dramatically increased in the cattle as more flaxseed was introduced into their diet.
This causes ground beef to have low levels of omega-3s. Christian Alvarado Gilis a doctoral candidate in animal sciences and industry is researching how to improve omega-3 levels in cattle diets to further enhance the fat profile of beef.
Gilis is from Chile. According to Drouillard substituting omega-3 fatty acids for saturated fats does not change the ground beef's flavor.
Knowing that there are a lot of desirable flavor characteristics associated with the fat in beef we performed tons of sensory panel tests with Kansas State university's meat science faculty
and with the department of human nutrition throughout the years to ensure that the flavor is compromised not Drouillard said.
We found that our panelists were never able to detect appreciable differences in the flavor profiles of the omega-3 rich beef
and non-omega-3 beef even though the fats are quite different. The owners of NBO3 Technologies LLC have worked closely with Drouillard in developing the concept
and after more than a decade of research on improving the enrichment process have started to distribute omega-3 enriched ground beef to retailers and food vendors.
The ground beef is part of the company's line of omega-3 enriched foods which includes pork chicken cheese milk butter and ice cream.
It will be the first ground beef to carry the U s. Food and Drug Administration's seal of approval for containing omega-3 fatty acids.
Todd Hansen CEO of NBO3 Technologies LLC said consumer response has been positive in test markets.
We have to leap two hurdles with Greato Premium Ground beef which are that the omega-3 fatty acids are really in the beef
and that it doesn't change the flavor Hansen said. Based on our consumer response we've cleared those hurdles.
The researcher selected three winter cover crops often grown in the Salinas Calif. area--rye mustard
The legume-rye and rye cover crops produced approximately 25 percent more dry matter biomass than the mustard crops.
while rye and mustard crops appeared to suppress weeds adequately with typical seeding rates. The long-term study also provided Brennan with more data about year-to-year yield variations in the legume-rye mix including why legumes
when she was incubating an egg in the same area of the refuge. She was at least five years old at the time.
Albatross lay only one egg a year but it takes much of a year to incubate
Albatross are remarkable fliers who travel thousands of miles on wind currents without ever flapping their wings.
They do this by angling their 6-foot wings to adjust for wind currents and varying air speeds above the water.
which prey on chicks nesting adults and eggs. Albatross evolved on islands where land mammals were absent
Called corn by most people in North america modern variants of the Zea mays plant are among the indispensable food crops that feed billions of the planet's people.
Dairy foods provide several important nutrients that are beneficial for bone health says lead author Shivani Sahni Ph d. Musculoskeletal Research Team IFAR.
However cream and its products such as ice cream have lower levels of these nutrients and have higher levels of fat and sugar.
In this study 2. 5--3 servings of milk and yogurt intake per day were associated with better bone density.
More research is needed to examine the role of cheese intake (some of which can be high in fat
which revealed the benefits of milk and yogurt versus cream in largely middle-aged men and women.
Choosing low-fat milk or yogurt over cream can increase intake of protein calcium and Vitamin d while limiting intake of saturated fats.
Past studies suggest that dairy products contain more than one beneficial nutrient and for this reason certain dairy products may contribute towards maintaining healthier bones.
which each fertilized seed contained two siblings--an embryo and a corresponding bit of tissue known as endosperm that feeds the embryo as the seed grows said CU-Boulder Professor Pamela Diggle.
Diggle said it is fairly clear from previous research that plants can preferentially withhold nutrients from inferior offspring
what feeds the world said Friedman who also directs the Arnold Arboretum at Harvard. If flowering plants weren't here humans wouldn't be here.
and characterized with regards to its protein and sugar composition. The antibody was shown also to be active in neutralizing a broad panel of rabies viruses
but that they weren't a significant source of any other plant nutrients. Results from this work have been published in Agronomy Journal.
It's still unclear why the habitats would create such a perfect storm for the virus. The researchers speculate that mosquitoes are drawn to orchards for plant nectar during flowering
We found evidence that individual birds were attracted to'vulture restaurants'where carrion is regularly put out as an extra source of food for vultures
#In beef production, cow-calf phase contributes most greenhouse gasesscientists have known long that cattle produce carbon dioxide
and methane throughout their lives but a new study pinpoints the cow-calf stage as a major contributor of greenhouse gases during beef production.
which production system farmers used beef production has a carbon footprint ranging from 10.7 to 22.6 kg of carbon dioxide equivalent per kg of hot carcass weight.
If you look at everything that contributes to greenhouse gases through the beef supply chain then it is the cow-calf that produces the greatest greenhouse gases Mitloehner said.
During this time the cow eats rough plants like hay and grasses. The methane-producing bacteria in the cow's gut thrive on these plants.
The more roughage is in the diet of the ruminant animal the more methane is produced by the microbes in the gut of the ruminant
In feedlots by contrast cattle eat mostly corn and grains which the methane-producing bacteria cannot use as effectively.
The beef industry has been paying close attention to greenhouse gas emissions in recent years. We are doing a lot to measure
and mitigate our impact said Chase Adams director of communications for the National Cattlemen's Beef Association.
In a 2011 paper for the Journal of Animal Science researcher Jude Capper showed that the beef industry today uses significantly less water and land than 30 years ago.
The industry has reduced also its carbon footprint by 16.3 percent per billion kilograms of beef produced.
According to Mitloehner beef producers can further reduce their carbon impact by using new technologies like growth promotants.
and they choose organic beef or beef with reduced amounts of growth promotants. The technologies many consumers are critical of are those that help us receive the greatest environmental gains Mitloehner said.
and can generate high yields of fermentable sugars regardless of upstream processing says Blake Simmons a chemical engineer who heads JBEI's Deconstruction Division.
and milled into either flour or pellets then pre-treated with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (C2mim OAC) the ionic liquid used at JBEI as a benchmark for biomass processing.
and densification on the efficiency at which the complex polysaccharides in cellulosic biomass could be converted into fermentable sugars for fuel production.
but not much scientific attention has been paid to the efficiency of converting mixtures of feedstocks into fermentable sugars and fuels.
Produced from the microbial fermentation of sugars in lignocellulosic biomass advanced biofuels are clean green and renewable
The sugars in lignocellulosic biomass however are complex polysaccharides that are embedded deeply within a very recalcitrant material called lignin.
and help hydrolyze the released polysaccharides into sugars that can be fermented by microbes researchers at JBEI
Milling feedstocks into flour or pellets is an effective process for large-scale energy densification but before this latest study it was unknown as to how densification of single
or mixed feedstocks would impact ionic liquid pretreatment and sugar yield. The JBEI/INL collaboration mixed switchgrass lodgepole pine corn stover and eucalyptus in flour and pellets and within 24 hours of saccharification were able to obtain sugar yields of up to 90-percent
for both forms. Pellets because of their higher energy density would be preferred the form. Our work is the first demonstration that ionic liquid pretreatments can effectively handle mixed
We're continuing the collaboration to next identify the most economical pelletized feedstock mixtures based on targeted regions of the United states. We''then determine how efficiently our process can convert these mixtures into fermentable sugars.
and other dramatic negative interactions but those alone do not determine the course life On earth.
The protein study showed that gypsy moths would have to devour more maple leaves than oak leaves to achieve the same amount of nourishment.
Advice commonly given to consumers includes reducing the number of flights taken replacing energy-hungry appliances and lightbulbs with energy efficient ones and eating less red meat.
He claims that out of the above examples only eating less meat reduces total emissions
Driving your car less eating less red meat and improving the insulation of your home substantially reduces your carbon footprint.
New study shows just a bite will satisfyhow much chocolate would you need to eat to be satisfied?
Using chocolate chips apple pie and potato chips researchers Ellen van Kleef Mitsuru Shimizu and Brian Wansink designed a study to determine
The larger portion size group was given 100g of chocolate 200g of apple pie and 80g of potato chips all slightly larger than the recommended portion sizes.
and Child Neurology Society found that diets high in lycopene beta-cryptoxanthin and Vitamin c did not reduce ALS risk.
the National institutes of health (NIH)# ARP Diet and Health Study the Cancer Prevention Study II-Nutrition Cohort the Multiethnic Cohort the Health professionals Follow-up Study and the Nurses Health Study
Individuals who consumed more carotenoids in their diets were more likely to exercise have advanced an degree have higher Vitamin c consumption
Furthermore subjects with diets high in beta-carotene and lutein#ound in dark green vegetables#ad a lower risk ALS risk.
Further food-based analyses are needed to examine the impact of dietary nutrients on ALS.##Story Source:
They used baited track-plate stations--an enclosure where the fisher leaves a sooted track print as it walks through--at 223 locations across three national forests.
#Eating deep-fried food linked to increased risk of prostate cancerregular consumption of deep-fried foods such as French fries fried chicken
and doughnuts is associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer and the effect appears to be slightly stronger with regard to more aggressive forms of the disease according to a study by investigators at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research center.
While previous studies have suggested that eating foods made with high-heat cooking methods such as grilled meats may increase the risk of prostate cancer this is the first study to examine the addition of deep frying to the equation.
From French fries to doughnuts: Eating more than once a week may raise risk Specifically Stanford co-director of the Hutchinson Center's Program in Prostate Cancer Research
and/or doughnuts at least once a week were increased at an risk of prostate cancer as compared to men who said they ate such foods less than once a month.
when meat is cooked at high temperatures) aldehyde (an organic compound found in perfume) and acrolein (a chemical found in herbicides).
Scientists say that these early findings will contribute to the further development of confectionaries gums and other delivery devices for the prevention and possibly the treatment of conditions such as periodontal disease and oral cancers.
and was developed by former Stanford senior research associate Frank Ham. This code utilizes unstructured meshes to simulate turbulent flow in the presence of complicated geometry.
--and to simulate the turbulent flow over an entire airplane wing. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Stanford School of engineering.
and pet owners need to be aware of pet treats like these bully sticks as a source of calories in a dog's diet said Lisa M. Freeman DVM Phd DACVN professor of nutrition at TCSVM
However the researchers advise all pet owners to wash their hands after touching such treats as they would with any raw meat or raw meat diets.
and raw meat diets note the scientists. To learn more about veterinarian and pet owner perceptions of dog foods and treats the research team developed a 20-question Web-based survey.
H-BN looks like graphene with the same chicken-wire atomic array. The earlier work at Rice showed that merging graphene
Diets high in saturated fat can increase cholesterol and cause heart disease while those rich in omega-3 and other polyunsaturated fatty acids may reduce the risk of heart disease studies have shown.
Traditional cattle feed mixtures of corn grains alfalfa hay and grass silage result in dairy products with low concentrations of omega-3 and other polyunsaturated fats according to Gerd Bobe the lead scientist
Ten pregnant cows at OSU's dairy were fed different amounts of flaxseed--up to seven percent of their daily diet.
Collaborators in OSU's food science and technology department assisted in turning milk into butter and fresh cheese
Similar improvements were observed in butter and cheese. Still saturated fat accounted for more than half of the fatty acids in the dairy products
Researchers also noted that the refrigerated butter was softer and less adhesive thanks to fewer saturated fatty acids.
Although flaxseed costs more than traditional cattle feeds Bobe hopes that it still could be feed an affordable supplement for cows
The iconic salt marshes of the famous summer retreat are melting away at the edges dying back from the most popular recreational areas.
In vitro laboratory tests have historically been conducted on 2-D cell cultures grown in flat petri dishes
Key to efficient crops, could lead to staple crops with much higher yieldswith projections of 9. 5 billion people by 2050 humankind faces the challenge of feeding modern diets
and C4 a more efficient adaptation employed by grasses maize sorghum and sugarcane that is better suited to drought intense sunlight heat and low nitrogen.
and dried fruit) vegetables (excluding juices) and several categories of unhealthy foods like biscuits/cookies potato crisps and cakes/muffins.
My co-author Bonnie White suggests that this can be done by making half your plate at each meal vegetables
and shifting rainfall patterns in Madagascar could fuel the spread of lemur parasites and the diseases they carry.
The spread could be harmful to lemur populations that have encountered never these pests before and lack resistance to the diseases they carry.
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