Synopsis: 3. food & berverages: Foods:

and perform tasks such as remembering a grocery list or what a drawing looked like Peiffer said.

#How does the price of cheese influence perceptions of wolves? Relationships between humans and wolves are linked often to conflicts with livestock breeding activities.

#Strong anticancer properties discovered in soybeansproteins found in soybeans could inhibit the growth of colon liver and lung cancers.

Soybean meal is a bi-product following oil extraction from soybean seeds. It is rich in protein

and protein the researchers looked to monitor bioactivity between the peptides derived from the meals of soybean and various types of human cancer cells.

The study showed that peptides derived from soybean meal significantly inhibited cell growth by 73%for colon cancer 70%for liver cancer

#Hunting for meat impacts on rainforest, fruit tree seed dispersalhunting for meat in the African rainforests has halved the number of primates.

The meat forms a cheap and accessible source of protein for poor people as well as a source of income

if the carcasses can be sold in the towns where people are prepared to pay high prices for ape meat.

Scientists fed the tomatoes to mice that lacked the ability to remove low-density lipoprotein (LDL or bad cholesterol) from their blood and readily developed inflammation and atherosclerosis when consuming a high-fat diet.

The researchers found that mice that ate the peptide-enhanced tomatoes which accounted for 2. 2 percent of their Western-style high-fat diet had significantly lower levels of inflammation;

which is part of the natural course of healing. But with many chronic diseases inflammation becomes an abnormal ongoing process with long-lasting deleterious effects in the body.

and future studies may yield important and fundamental knowledge about the role of the intestine in diet-induced inflammation and atherosclerosis.

so that they could calculate the fat and sugar intake from these sources. The children were weighed also

Unchecked the pest burrows into potato roots to feed obstructing nutrients and causing stunted growth wilted leaves and other symptoms that can eventually kill the plant.

Now however U s. Department of agriculture (USDA) and cooperating scientists are evaluating new ways to control G. pallida using naturally occurring chemicals called egg-hatching factors.

According to lead scientist Roy Navarre with USDA's Agricultural research service (ARS) the egg-hatching factors are exuded actually chemicals from the roots of potato and certain other solanaceous plants into surrounding soil.

There the chemicals stimulate G. pallida eggs to hatch Normally this helps ensure the survival of emerging juvenile nematodes.

But Navarre's approach calls for using the chemicals to trick the eggs into hatching

However the eggs are encased in cysts that can resist fumigation according to Navarre who works at the ARS Vegetable and Forage Crops Research Laboratory in Prosser Wash.

He is exploring two approaches to force the eggs to hatch in the absence of a host:

amending the soil with purified forms of egg-hatching factors and planting sticky nightshade as a trap crop

and believe that chickens provide an excellent model. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Cell Press.

Research from North carolina State university shows that the invasive spotted-wing vinegar fly (Drosophila suzukii) also prefers sweet soft fruit--giving us new insight into a species that has spread across the United states over the past four years

and lay their eggs. The eggs hatch into larvae that feed on the flesh of the fruit until they reach maturity--ruining the fruit in the process.

Sellers go to great pains to remove infested fruit before it reaches the marketplace so consumers won't notice a difference in fruit quality.

or evaporated milk pudding ice cream custard flan and also cheeses and yogurts that were not low-fat or nonfat.

and butter most often and they consumed relatively limited amounts of low-fat dairy desserts low-fat cheese and high-fat yogurt.

High-fat dairy is recommended generally not as part of a healthy diet said senior author Bette J. Caan Drph research scientist with the Kaiser permanente Division of Research.

which products they ate including milk cheese dairy desserts yogurt and beverages made with milk (such as hot chocolate or lattes);

Susan E. Kutner MD chair of the Kaiser permanente Northern California Regional Breast Care Task force said that the new study bolsters the counseling that Kaiser permanente gives breast cancer survivors about the importance of a low-fat diet as well as exercise

but is known not to spread between humans frequently. While the World health organization has identified six countries as hosts to ongoing widespread bird flu infections in poultry in 2011--China Egypt India Vietnam Indonesia

They are looking at the effects of specific fatty acids as primary structural components of the human brain and cerebral cortex and at choline a nutrient that is important for DNA production and normal functioning of neurons.

Many women of childbearing age may not be receiving enough choline in their diets and recent evidence suggests this may ultimately affect learning and memory ability in their children.

Luckily choline can be found in common foods especially eggs and meat products including bacon. Story Source:

The above story is provided based on materials by University of Illinois College of Agricultural Consumer and Environmental sciences.

They are finding success using the byproducts of biofuels made from corn stover wheat straw and rice straw.

and some cellulose in it but it's not really a feed material anymore Riding said.

and corn stover can be used for making cellulosic ethanol. Cellulosic ethanol byproducts then can be added to cement to strengthen concrete.

Essentially Dutch elm disease is caused by a fungus that prevents the normal distribution of nutrients in the tree by blocking the flow of sap said Alan Moses an Assistant professor with the University of Toronto's department of Cell & Systems Biology one of the authors of the study.

and observed whether the bees advised the rest of their conspecifics of the danger of gathering nectar at a certain plant.

and fingernails#Werth also describes how the protein forms large continually growing plates each with an internal fibrous core sandwiched between smooth outer plates.

#and Werth explains that the plates are worn continually away by the tongue to form bristly food-trapping fringes on the tongue-edge of each plate.

single baleen plates are less effective filters at higher swimming speeds. However Werth says'It doesn't make sense to look at flow across a single plate of baleen it's like looking at feeding with a single tooth;

you can't chew anything with just one tooth you need a whole mouthful.''So he built a scaled down rack of six 20 cm long baleen plate fragments

This time Werth could clearly see the fringes from adjacent baleen plates becoming tangled and more matted as the flow increased trapping the most particles at speeds ranging from 70 to 80 cm/s

and investigate how full-sized 4 m long baleen plates performstory Source: The above story is provided based on materials by The Journal of Experimental Biology.

San francisco. In the morning each bee goes looking individually for a sugar source then comes back to the hive

Three years ago researchers showed the effect of bitter melon extract on breast cancer cells only in a Petri dish.

and certain other mushrooms tend to be something we associate with moldy bread or dank-smelling mildew.

Mycelia can take in nutrients from available organic materials like wood and use them as food

These are sterilized mixed with nutrients and chilled. Then the mycelia spawn are added and are so good at proliferating that every cubic inch of material soon contains millions of tiny fungal fibers.

and other nutrients to accumulate; and inhibiting the invasion of aggressive nonnative species including Scotch broom and hairy cat's ear.

sufferers have to let the virus run its course for a few days. The consumption of fresh produce is associated frequently with outbreaks of hnov

People with low dietary selenium intakes are increased at risk of suffering from a variety of diseases.

'The study examined the diet and the resulting nutritional status of a total of 120 otherwise healthy women aged between 18 and 50 years old living in villages in Zombwe in the north of Malawi and Mikalango

It is of course feasible for people to diversity their diets to increase the consumption of other selenium-rich foods such as meat poultry fish

and eggs but this is particularly challenging for people who are living in developing countries on an extremely low income.

which is used often to make a thick porridge type dish called nsima which is eaten often with a vegetable-based relish.

Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by University of Nottingham. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.

#Mandating fruits and vegetables in school meals makes a difference, study findsstate laws that require minimum levels of fruits

and vegetables in school meals may give a small boost to the amount of these foods in adolescents'diets according to a study published in the American Journal of Preventive medicine.

With the recent requirements from the USDA's National School Lunch Program to incorporate healthier options in school meals the researchers wanted to find out

and 0. 61 cups more vegetables than did lived those who in states with no fruit or vegetable requirements in school lunches.

and disparities in diet and to get teenagers into the habit of eating fruits and vegetables.

Newer rules affect all schools participating in the National School Lunch Program and require that a half-cup of fruit

or vegetable and up to two cups be in every lunch menu each day noted Beauvais adding These changes will make the findings from this study more likely.

The late monsoon in 2005 hindered summer grass development to the point that U s. ranchers had to buy supplemental feed for their cattle Andrea Ray a researcher at the National Oceanic

and in particular sports stars in advertising unhealthy or High Fat Salt and Sugar (HFSS) products.

and their appearance in other contexts prompts unhealthy food intake then this would mean that the more prominent the celebrity the more detrimental the effects on children's diets.

#Bees get a buzz from flower nectar containing caffeineyou may need a cup of coffee to kick start the day

but it seems honeybees also get their buzz from drinking flower nectar containing caffeine. Publishing in Science researchers have shown that caffeine improves a honeybee's memory

In tests honeybees feeding on a sugar solution containing caffeine which occurs naturally in the nectar of coffee

and citrus flowers were three times more likely to remember a flower's scent than those feeding on just sugar.

Study leader Dr Geraldine Wright Reader in Neuroethology at Newcastle University explained that the effect of caffeine benefits both the honeybee and the plant:

In turn bees that have fed on caffeine-laced nectar are laden with coffee pollen and these bees search for other coffee plants to find more nectar leading to better pollination.

So caffeine in nectar is likely to improve the bee's foraging prowess while providing the plant with a more faithful pollinator.

In the study researchers found that the nectar of Citrus and Coffea species often contained low doses of caffeine.

They included'robusta'coffee species mainly used to produce freeze-dried coffee and'arabica'used for espresso and filter coffee.

so we were surprised to find it in the nectar. However it occurs at a dose that's too low for the bees to taste

Typically the nectar in the flower of a coffee plant contains almost as much caffeine as a cup of instant coffee.

Dr Julie Mustard a contributor to the study from Arizona State university explains further: Although human and honeybee brains obviously have lots of differences

Phytase breaks down phytic acid and helps pigs digest more of the nutrient. The phytase enzyme has a hefty price tag for farmers

or destroyed when farmers mix feed. The Enviropig was created to solve this problem. The transgenic pig synthesizes phytase in its salivary glands eliminating the need for additional supplements or enzymes in the feed.

By digesting more phosphorus the Enviropig also produces less phosphorus in its waste. The enzyme is secreted in the saliva

and functions in a similar fashion to that of phytase included in the diet said Dr. Cecil Forsberg Professor Emeritus Department of Molecular

Though no studies indicate a food safety risk from genetically modified Enviropig pork meat from the Enviropig is not yet available for human consumption.

They have been collected occasionally in agroecosystems specifically from the canopies of orchard crops in South africa (avocadoes macadamias and pistachios)

#Pancakes with a side of math: A physiological model for sap exudation in maple treesfor many of us maple syrup is an essential part of breakfast--a staple accompaniment to pancakes

and waffles--but rarely do we think about the complicated and little-understood physiological aspects of syrup production.

Each spring maple growers in temperate regions around the world collect sap from sugar maple trees

which is one of the first steps in producing this delicious condiment. However the mechanisms behind sap exudation--processes that trigger pressure differences causing sap to flow--in maple trees are a topic of much debate.

Sugars are produced in the leaves of the maple tree by photosynthesis with the help of absorbed water carbon dioxide

In the period between this dormant state and the active growing season (during cold nights with below-freezing temperatures followed by mild warm days with above-freezing conditions) the stored starch is converted into sugar

Osmotic pressure which exists due to differences in sugar concentration between different components of the vascular tissue helps maintain stable gas bubbles

and appreciate the opportunity to interact regularly with maple syrup producers. These are people that come from a surprising variety of backgrounds ranging from farmers to retired teachers to construction company owners including very few scientists

Nonetheless we find that maple syrup producers have a real enthusiasm for our work and are excited by the potential for mathematics to contribute to their understanding of very practical problems for the industry.

and cook 3-or 4-course meals based on available fresh produce from the garden. Different dishes prepared each week included handmade pastry bread and pasta salads curries and desserts.

According to Lisa Gibbs Phd principal investigator one of the major themes that emerged from the study was children eating

and tastes and within a short time almost all children were prepared to at least try a new dish.

and enjoy the meal that they had prepared with encouragement to taste but no pressure to eat.

and coauthors Paul Heady of the Central Coast Bat Research Group and John Hayes of the University of Florida also contributed to the study.

Researchers drove more than 1140 miles at night and used thermal imaging and night vision equipment to quantify the population of roe

and fertility of roe and muntjac deer across 234 km2 of forested land and heathland in Breckland East Anglia to measure the effectiveness of deer management.

because thousands of deer are pushed out'to the surrounding countryside each year helping drive the further spread of deer.

These figures greatly exceed previous cull recommendations for muntjac (30 per cent) and roe (20 per cent.

and 60 for roe deer is necessary to curb their continuing increase and spread. Story Source:

To allow future studies to identify the functions of slender false brome genes the authors also compared the false brome transcriptome to those of well-studied agricultural species including rice and sorghum.

or easy for enzymes to turn the biomass into sugars? Differences in cell walls are enormous

and insect resistance but it can stand in the way of enzymes that want to get at the sugars locked up in the carbohydrates.

It's the deconstruction of the raw sugars that produces the sugars the biofuels industry finds valuable.

The ratios of lignin to carbohydrate components together with the intensity of the lignin peaks can tell a scientist how easily a plant will give up its sugars.

or some other factor affecting recalcitrance (the plant's resistance to give up its structural sugars).

and gingers according to Caroline Strã mberg UW assistant professor of biology and lead author of an article in Nature Communications.

and mostly up in the animals'gums when they are young. As chewing surfaces of the teeth wear away more of the tooth emerges from the gums until the crowns are used up.

In each tooth bonelike dentin and tough enamel are folded complexly and layered to create strong ridged surfaces for chewing.

Amsini Parfait C. Bakabana Thurston Cleveland Hicks Rosine E. Bayogo Martha Bechem Rene L. Beyers Anicet N. Bezangoye Patrick Boundja

The scientists found that declining bee species tend to have larger body sizes restricted diets and shorter flight seasons.

Historically we've seen symptoms similar to IBDS associated with viruses spread by large-scale infestations of parasitic mites says Dr. David Tarpy an associate professor of entomology at North carolina State university

and extrudes it into a long spaghetti-like string of plastic. Their process is open-source

#Problems with identifying meat? The answer is to check the barcodewant to know what you are eating?

Results from the study show that the labelling of game meat in South africa is very poor with different species being substituted almost 80%of the time.

In South africa game meat biltong (air dried strips) is big business with over 10000 wildlife farms

This meat is considered to be'healthier'than beef because it is lower in fat and cholesterol and perceived to be lower in additives.

and cytb sequencing researchers analysed samples of game meat from supermarkets wholesalers and other outlets and compared them to known samples and library sequences.

All the beef samples were correct but for the most badly labelled case 92%of kudu was a different species. Only 24%of springbok

and ostrich biltong was actually springbok or ostrich. The rest was horse impala hartebeest wildebeest waterbok eland gemsbok duiker giraffe kangaroo lamb pork or beef.

Worryingly one sample labelled zebra was actually mountain zebra a'red listed'species threatened with extinction.

Robertson's bees were mostly solitary bees small nondescript bees that lay a few eggs in cells

and seed crops that make diets interesting such as tomatoes coffee and watermelon is limited because their flowers are pollinated not adequately says Harder.

and Metabolism is the first to make a link between GSSES and high-fat-diet-induced renal disease.

In the case of dairy farms they also factored in the purchase of soybean meal from South america and all related greenhouse gas emissions.

One effective strategy is for landholders to grow feed themselves rather than purchase soy from another source.

and do not import soybean meal. This strategy pays off according to HÃ lsbergen: The pilot organic farms we looked at emit around 200 grams less CO2 per kilogram of milk than conventional farms with the same milk yield.

and colleagues have identified a special population of adult stem cells in bone marrow that have the natural ability to migrate to the intestine

All social species ultimately evolved from a solitary ancestor--in this case a solitary wasp who lays the eggs and feeds the brood.

#Maize in diets of people in coastal Peru dates to 5, 000 years agofor decades archaeologists have struggled with understanding the emergence of a distinct South american civilization during the Late Archaic period (3000-1800

or corn) was indeed a primary component in the diet of people living in the Norte Chico region of Peru an area of remarkable cultural florescence in 3rd millennium B c. Their research is the subject of a paper

and constitutes the primary source of calories in the diet. Haas and his colleagues also analyzed residues on stone tools used for cutting scraping pounding and grinding.

Coprolites (preserved fecal material) provide the best direct evidence of prehistoric diet. Among 62 coprolites analyzed of all types--34 human 16 domesticated dog and others from various animals--43 (or 69 percent) contained maize starch grains phytoliths

Coprolites also showed that fish mostly anchovies did provide the primary protein in the diet but not the calories.

and constituted a major portion of the local diet and it was used not just on ceremonial occasions.

In one project ARS microbiologist Lisa Durso used fecal samples from six beef cattle to identify a core set of bovine gastrointestinal bacterial groups common to both beef

even though all six consumed the same diet and were breed the same gender and age. In another study Durso collaborated with ARS agricultural engineer John Gilley

The manure had been collected from livestock that had consumed either corn or feed with wet distillers grains.

But they did note that diet affected the transport of bacteriophages--viruses that invade bacteria--in field runoff.

#Smarter lunchrooms make lunch choices childs playin January 2012 the United states Department of agriculture passed a series of regulations designed to make school lunches more nutritious

or vegetable with their purchased lunch. However children cannot be forced to eat these healthier lunches.

In a new study scheduled for publication in The Journal of Pediatrics researchers determined that small inexpensive changes to school cafeterias influenced the choice and consumption of healthier foods.

This novel communication channel reveals how flowers can potentially inform their pollinators about the honest status of their precious nectar and pollen reserves.

and then fail to provide nectar: a lesson in honest advertising since bees are good learners

Their observation of how patterns of pigmentation on flower petals influence bumblebees'behavior suggests that color veins give clues to the location of the nectar.

which bees locate the nectar reward in a flower. Venation patterns--or lines of color on flower petals--are common in Antirrhinum flowers commonly known as snapdragons.

when they were looking for nectar. From the bees'perspective red flowers reflected little light while red veins on ivory flowers slightly changed the color of the flower.

because they can be useful nectar guides particularly when they also increase flower visibility. But it appears that the color contrast of a flower with its background has a greater influence on bee preference.

sugars than conventionally grown fruittomatoes grown on organic farms accumulate higher concentrations of sugars Vitamin c and compounds associated with oxidative stress compared to those grown on conventional farms according to research published February 20 in the open access journal PLOS ONE by Maria Raquel Alcantara Miranda and colleagues from the Federal University

They suggest that this increased stress may be the reason organic tomatoes had higher levels sugars Vitamin c and pigment molecules like lycopene an antioxidant compound--all of

#Modifying infants diet may reduce celiac disease risk, Swedish study suggestsceliac disease is much more common in Sweden than in the rest of Europe

and the U s. but may be prevented with gradually introducing gluten-containing foods to breast-feeding infants according to a comprehensive study led by researchers at Ume㥠University.

Celiac disease also known as gluten intolerance is a chronic disease whose only treatment is a lifelong strict gluten-free diet

i e. to exclude anything that contains wheat rye or barley. Until the 1970s celiac disease was unusual

and preferably starting with small amounts of gluten while breastfeeding is still ongoing. These findings have contributed to the current Swedish recommendations on infant nutrition

and in the United states. We now have proven this way of introducing gluten reduces the risk of getting celiac disease says Dr. Anneli Ivarsson.

and the U s. but may be prevented with gradually introducing gluten-containing foods to breast-feeding infants according to a comprehensive study led by researchers at Ume㥠University.

Celiac disease also known as gluten intolerance is a chronic disease whose only treatment is a lifelong strict gluten-free diet

i e. to exclude anything that contains wheat rye or barley. Until the 1970s celiac disease was unusual

and preferably starting with small amounts of gluten while breastfeeding is still ongoing. These findings have contributed to the current Swedish recommendations on infant nutrition

and in the United states. The researcher team led Dr. Anneli Ivarsson at the Department of public health and Clinical Medicine speculate that there may be a window of opportunity in which an infanwe now have proven this way of introducing gluten reduces the risk of getting celiac disease says Dr

and the build up of leaf litter around the shrubs tends to cool the soil surface reducing the availability of soil nutrients for other plants Post said.

Amanda Padovan who led this project explained The main defence against predation of Eucalyptus is a cocktail of terpene oils including monoterpenes sesquiterpenes and FPCS

#Diet of resistant starch helps the body resist colorectal canceras the name suggests you can't digest resistant starch

and cooled starchy products like sushi rice and pasta salad. You have to consume it at room temperate

There are a lot of things that feed into the same model of resistant starch as a cancer-protective agent Higgins says.

#Nicotine lozenges, tobacco-free snuff help smokeless tobacco users quitsmokeless tobacco users who said they didn't want to quit changed their minds

when given nicotine lozenges or tobacco-free snuff in a Mayo Clinic study. The findings are published in the February issue of Addictive Behaviors.

Forty were given 4-mg nicotine lozenges and 41 received tobacco-free snuff to help cut back their smokeless tobacco use.

and dips per day and sustained it through the end of the study. About one-third of study participants continued using 75 percent less smokeless tobacco use 26 weeks after the study

Previous studies have evaluated the effectiveness of nicotine lozenges and tobacco-free snuff for reducing smokeless tobacco use among smokeless tobacco users not ready to quit

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