#Are Birds Evolving To Not Get Hit By Cars? If you've ever had the soul-crushing misfortune of hitting a bird
and raw eggs and even if we didn't are most likely to eat them cooked
when the pair photographs what they'd thought were spider eggs laying within the decoy.
Those aren't eggs Reeves says as he zooms in on the photo he's just taken.
I was going to say--that looks oddly like a spider for an egg Pomerantz says.
While it's not unusual for spiders in this family to lay eggs in their stabilimenta the technical name for these web decorations the spiderlings usually make a break for it shortly after hatching.
and circumstance didn't allow for studying silk-henge small webby towers built by an as yet-unknown type of spider perhaps to defend eggs against wasps).
whether by gestating in eggs or via genetic algorithms could benefit from the same diversity and convenient mutations that make some living species so resilient.
I know is going to lay the eggs that make the worms that eat up my cabbages.
Made with some breadcrumbs egg and 20000 lab-grown cow muscle cells the world's first lab-grown burger made its debut last year.
Under the magnifying lens researchers could see that eggs that gave rise to drones were penetrated not by sperm.
When emerald ash borer larvae emerge from eggs laid on the tree they burrow in
how efficiently they convert that feed into milk eggs and meat; and the amount of greenhouse gases they produce.
Knowing these differences can help us define sustainable and culturally appropriate levels of consumption of milk meat and eggs.
Previous testing confirmed he was allergic to dairy egg peanuts and tree nuts but Liam drank soy milk for months before his anaphylactic reaction.
The wasps lay their eggs in moth caterpillars then the baby wasps grow up eating the caterpillar from the inside out until the wasps emerge from the caterpillar killing the caterpillar in the process.
or undercooked meat poultry or eggs but sometimes results from eating contaminated produce. Symptoms can include abdominal pain fever nausea and vomiting.
which are given to normal livestock during periods of rapid growth or high egg and milk production.
The wasp's ovipositor the organ through which it lays its eggs looks a lot like those of present-day wasps that lay their eggs in figs.
when it comes to choosing the best site for egg-laying. Using behavioural assays researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology in Jena Germany
In nature laying eggs on oranges is advantageous because parasitoid wasps feeding on the larvae of Drosophila avoid citrus fruits.
For egg-laying insects selecting the best site to lay eggs is crucial for the survival of the eggs and larvae.
Once the eggs have been deposited the maternal care of the female flies ends: eggs and larvae are henceforth at the mercy of their environment;
their range is limited usually. Suitable and sufficient food sources for the hungry larvae and protection against predators and parasites are important selection criteria for the best oviposition substrates.
First Marcus Stensmyr Bill Hansson and their colleagues in the Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology tested the preferred egg-laying substrates of fruit flies by letting insects select among different ripe fruits.
An analysis of the behavioural assays showed that female flies preferred to lay their eggs on oranges.
It is fascinating that a complex behaviour such as choosing an egg-laying site can be broken down into multiple subroutines that have such a simple genetic basis says Marcus Stensmyr.#
#oewe were surprised quite that by silencing just this single odorant receptor flies could no longer localize their preferred egg-laying substrate.#
#In nature a considerable proportion of Drosophila larvae are killed by enemies mainly parasitoid wasps that lay their eggs inside the larvae.
This fly lays its eggs inside the ripe or ripening fruit and the developing larvae feed on the soft fruit crippling crop yields.
but have a prominent saw-like ovipositor for drilling fruit to lay their eggs. Chiu teamed with scientists at UC Davis Oregon State university the China National Gene Bank
Researchers asked 852 participants about their average consumption over the previous year of 120 different foods including dairy fruits vegetables eggs meat breads beverages and baked goods.
since it can take up to three weeks for the new queen to begin laying eggs
For example someone with an egg allergy may be able to tolerate egg yolk but not the whites.
On one line cheesy eggs fried potatoes bacon cinnamon rolls low-fat granola low-fat yogurt and fruit were served in that exact order.
and 65 served themselves from the cheesy-eggs first line. For logistical purposes attendees were told they could only make one trip to the buffet line.
In the same vein 75.4%took cheesy eggs when presented first while 28.8%took cheesy eggs
when they were offered last. Of a person's plate 65.7%was filled with at least one of the first three foods in the line.
In the cheesy eggs first line selecting cheesy eggs was correlated strongly with taking potatoes and bacon.
This highlights the cultural association of eggs with bacon and/or potatoes where fruit is associated not generally with any specific food.
The platypus lays eggs rather than gives birth to live young its snout is covered with electroreceptors that detect underwater prey
and returned to her family the other girl ducks were laying eggs so she did the same.
But instead of a fluffy little duckling emerging from her egg her child was an amazing chimera that had webbed the bill hind feet
and egg-laying habit of a duck along with the fur and front feet of a rodent--the first Platypus.
Male honey bees (Apis mellifera) hatch from unfertilized eggs and females from fertilized ones. In these fertilized eggs the condition of the complementary sex determiner (csd) gene is of crucial significance for the creation of female workers.
The queen bee who in the course of their mating flight mate with different drones multiple times passes on to fertilized eggs a random combinations of two csd copies so-called alleles.
If these alleles are different enough they develop into a female. If the csd gene in contrast is present in the fertilized eggs in two identical versions diploid drones develop.
These are eaten however by worker bees after they hatch. Up until now it was assumed that there were up to 20 csd alleles.
or paternal through the addition of methyl groups while they are in the egg or sperm.
and eggs and revealed its relationship with cervical and liver cancer in humans. The research won the National Award in Food Science
and found that aflatoxins are present in chicken breast gizzard liver and eggs-white and yolk.
and other drugs'effects on fish through fewer eggs produced by females to skewing the sex of some species. We rarely see fish kills anymore
They block female mosquitoes from securing blood a process that is essential for them to lay eggs and produce offspring.
#Honeyguide birds destroy own species eggs to eliminate competitionlike cuckoos honeyguides are parasitic birds that lay their eggs in other birds'nests
Now scientists reveal that unlike in cuckoos the resemblance between honeyguide eggs and those of their bee-eater bird hosts hasn't evolved to trick hosts into accepting the imposter egg as one of their own.
Rather it appears to have evolved to trick other honeyguides who would otherwise destroy the eggs because of fierce competition for host nests.
The new research is published today 21 august in the journal Biology Letters. Honeyguides are intriguingly odd birds that are best-known for their unique mutually beneficial relationship with humans.
The researchers'curiosity was piqued by their earlier finding that like cuckoo eggs honeyguide eggs resemble those of each of their several host species. Instead of mimicking their colour
For example honeyguides parasitising little bee-eaters lay smaller eggs in their nests than do honeyguides parasitising larger hosts.
Many classic studies have shown that comparable mimicry in cuckoo eggs has evolved to reduce rejection by choosy hosts that eject mismatched eggs from their nests.
I assumed honeyguide egg mimicry had evolved just like cuckoo mimicry so was bowled over and baffled when little bee-eaters turned out to be pretty dim.
and experimentally parasitised their nests the bee-eaters blithely incubated eggs even much larger than their own.
and my experimental eggs were pecked to pieces that the penny dropped--perhaps they need to look like bee-eaters
A second experiment supported this hypothesis again the researchers placed a larger foreign egg in bee-eaters nests
and lay her own egg. When this happened they counted the number of puncture holes the female honeyguide made in each egg in the clutch.
This revealed that laying honeyguides punctured the larger foreign egg more heavily than host eggs
lest it be another honeyguide's egg and kill their own chick should it hatch first.
Evolution should then favour honeyguide females that lay eggs resembling those of bee-eaters and thereby avoid being detected
and destroyed by a competing honeyguide. The suggestion that mimicry might evolve because parasites benefit from concealing their eggs from one another was made first by Cambridge scientists Nick Davies
and Michael Brooke 25 years ago but this study is the first to show that it probably happens in the wild.
and about a third of parasitised nests contain eggs laid by two or more honeyguide females resulting in especially strong parasitic competition.
#Unscrambling the genetics of the chickens blue eggresearchers at The University of Nottingham have unscrambled the genetic mutation that gives the distinctive blue eggs laid by some breeds of chickens.
and look set to become big business in the baking aisles of all the major supermarkets--the blue egg produced by some chickens is prettier
--and now thanks to scientists from The University of Nottingham we know what caused the eggs in some breeds to turn this unusual Colour in a four-year research project just published in the journal PLOS ONE the team from the School of Biology has identified the genetic mutation
which first produced the blue egg in native South american chicken the Mapuche fowl and their European descendants Araucana between 200 and 500 years ago.
if demand for the blue egg continues to grow. The scientists used the unique genetic resources conserved by heritage
which revealed the genetic cause of the blue coloured egg shell--surprisingly--an ancient harmless retrovirus in the domestic chicken.
In this case the retrovirus'effect was to trigger an accumulation of a green-blue bile pigment called biliverdin in the eggshell as the egg develops in the hen.
Moreover when appearing in the population the unusual egg coloration must have attracted the attention of the owners who must be praised for having selected the trait in subsequent breeding.
Of course it's not only some breeds of chicken that produce blue eggs. They are commonly found across species of birds including those that lay blue eggs as well as non-blue eggs within a single population like the cuckoo and guillemot.
It's therefore entirely possible that retroviruses could be playing a part in the diversity of egg colour
and patterning across avian species more generally but this remains to be studied. The work was initiated by Professor Olivier Hanotte
whose curiosity about blue eggs was sparked on a trip to Brazil where he met Professor Jos Antonio Alcalde co-author of the paper.
because some of these rarer native breeds of chicken with this unusual egg colour and high quality have become low in number
-Transportation and sale of poultry and eggs. -Purchase and slaughter of poultry from markets. -Preparation of poultry for consumption--particularly in unhygienic conditions and when meat is undercooked raw
The three-year study of blue tits which also involved researchers from the University of California Davis USA and the University of Glasgow showed that mothers with more UV-reflectant crown feathers did not lay more eggs
The birds are socially monogamous with the female solely incubating the eggs and both parents feeding the chicks.
and a shift to nonmeat diets that include eggs and milk could feed an additional 815 million people.
Generational omega-3 deficiencies have worsening effects over timediets lacking omega-3 fatty acids--found in foods like wild fish some eggs
Diets lacking omega-3 fatty acids--found in foods like wild fish eggs and grass-fed livestock--can have worsened effects over consecutive generations especially affecting teens according to a University of Pittsburgh study.
The researchers conducted experiments with both embryos and hatchlings that were collected as newly laid eggs from four Pennsylvania ponds--two near agricultural fields and two farther away.
%Slow action#Pulverised on the surface of potatoes or the eggs of the invasive species the granulovirus contaminates the larvae through ingestion.
In her studies she found children like fat and sugar and somewhat surprisingly fruit is at the top of the list of food choices followed by starches meat and eggs dairy and vegetables.
and West Texas. The study assessed the potential changes in number of eggs laid in a nest incubation start date
Increased temperatures and reduced humidity may lead to lesser prairie-chicken egg death or nest abandonment. The research showed that warm winter temperatures had the largest negative effect on reproductive success. Scientists suggest that above-average winter temperatures were correlated with La Niã a events
reproductive components such as clutch size timing of laying eggs and hatchability of eggs; survival rates;
To accomplish this the researchers scanned fertilized eggs in a clinical MRI system with a unique imaging technique at an acquisition speed of 12 frames per second.
Siegfried Machemehl chairman of the Poultry Breeding Club GÃ ttingen-Grone provided fertilized eggs of the Marans breed.
The rather large Marans eggs weighing about 65 grams each were a real stroke of luck for us.
The larger the egg the more detailed the features we can observe project leader Roland Tammer reveals.
At the beginning of the research project chicken eggs incubated for ten days were transferred to a regular incubator at the institute at 37.5 degrees Celsius and 70 to 90 percent humidity.
Each day at exactly the same time researchers Shuo Zhang and Arun Joseph withdrew one of the eggs
The unpredictable movements inside the egg during image acquisition however were a true challenge for the scientists.
In order to obtain comparable cross-sectional images the egg was aligned always in the same way. The head of the spirally-rolled bird was the main reference point.
These volatile organic compounds are known to be attractive to parasitoid wasps that lay their eggs inside other insects killing them Plants appear to use this strategy to fight back against herbivorous insects by calling for their enemies'enemies.
This boost in digestive finesse allows rotation-resistant beetles to survive long enough to lay their eggs in soybean fields.
and reproductive success was investigated by checking the nest boxes in the spring to determine the number of eggs laid and the growth and survival of chicks.
the chicken or the egg? The behavior of bees has been shaped over the course of evolution as adaptations to flower appearance.
The high-fructose group's diet was made from flour butter pork fat eggs and fructose (the main ingredient in corn syrup) similar to
and very flat forests laying eggs in sandy streambeds. Scientists only found this species in forest areas
#Female moths use olfactory signals to choose the best egg-laying sitesfunctional calcium imaging in the antennal lobes of a female Manduca sexta moth:
Researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology Jena Germany discovered that the ability of Manduca sexta moths to recognize changes in the profile of volatile compounds released by plants being attacked by Manduca caterpillars allows them to lay their eggs on plants that are less likely
Attracting the enemies of the herbivoresthe hawkmoth Manduca sexta lays its eggs on various plants including tobacco and Sacred Datura plants (Datura wrightii.
Once the eggs have hatched into caterpillars they start eating the leaves of their host plant
In an effort to defend itself the host plant releases green-leaf volatiles to attract various species of Geocoris predatory bugs that eat insect eggs and tiny larvae.
This alerts the moths to the fact that Geocoris bugs are likely to predate eggs
and caterpillars on the plant and as a consequence the moths lay their eggs on unattacked plants.
Hereby they minimize the risk of newly laid eggs being eaten by the predators. Another positive effect is that the competition for resources with larvae that already feed on a plant is reduced.
An artificial application of (Z)- 3-or (E)- 2-hexenol (E)- 2-hexanal or 1-hexanol to potato plants lead to a disoriented behavior observed in egg-laying potato beetles.
#Ultrasound#Making Waves for Enhancing Biofuel Productionall chefs know that you have to break some eggs to make an omelet
and hunts soft-bodied prey including earthworms and amphibian eggs in addition to snails and slugs. This harmless snake defends itself by mimicking the alternating dark and light rings of venomous coral snakes.
Previous research by Ken Schmidt of Texas Tech University and Chris Whelan of Illinois Natural history Survey documented that these carnivores can prey more easily on native bird eggs
Making a physical map is akin to breaking an egg and then assembling it back into a whole egg said Gill who is distinguished a university professor of plant pathology at K-State.
The wheat chromosome DNA is cloned in bacteria millions of bits of DNA which are sorted by robots
Out of 10 eggs laid 9 chicks are born 7 fledge and on average only one chick survives winter.
The great tits that lay eggs earlier in spring are more successful nowadays than late birds
At one part per million it emits a telltale rotten-egg smell. Dooley used a concentration of 1 part per billion
Eggs laid in the spring hatch into a first generation which we'll call Generation A. The immature bugs of Generation A normally feed on kudzu plants until they reach adulthood
These mature adults lay eggs that hatch into Generation B during the summer months. Generation B kudzu bugs can feed on soybean crops during both their immature and adult life stages causing significant crop damage.
Parasite-infected monarch butterflies protect their offspring against high levels of parasite growth by laying their eggs on anti-parasitic milkweed.
because it reduces the mosquitoes'ability to lay viable eggs. Now Professor Hoffmann from the University of Melbourne and Professor Michale Turelli from the University of California have shown that by introducing an insecticide resistance gene alongside the Wolbachia bacteria into the mosquito that the insects pass on the disease-blocking bacteria to other mosquitoes faster.
and sliced hard-boiled egg. Vendors often sell the soup from sidewalk carts during New orleans festivals and some restaurants have their own signature recipes.
or laying eggs on the plants. The process does not require genetic modification and is completely safe.
Their diet should include cereals fruit vegetables dairy products lean meats fish poultry eggs and nuts.
Ovaries are the female reproductive organs that produce eggs that are fertilized for pregnancy as well as secrete hormones important to bone and cardiovascular health.
Now however U s. Department of agriculture (USDA) and cooperating scientists are evaluating new ways to control G. pallida using naturally occurring chemicals called egg-hatching factors.
According to lead scientist Roy Navarre with USDA's Agricultural research service (ARS) the egg-hatching factors are exuded actually chemicals from the roots of potato and certain other solanaceous plants into surrounding soil.
There the chemicals stimulate G. pallida eggs to hatch Normally this helps ensure the survival of emerging juvenile nematodes.
But Navarre's approach calls for using the chemicals to trick the eggs into hatching
However the eggs are encased in cysts that can resist fumigation according to Navarre who works at the ARS Vegetable and Forage Crops Research Laboratory in Prosser Wash.
He is exploring two approaches to force the eggs to hatch in the absence of a host:
amending the soil with purified forms of egg-hatching factors and planting sticky nightshade as a trap crop
and lay their eggs. The eggs hatch into larvae that feed on the flesh of the fruit until they reach maturity--ruining the fruit in the process.
Sellers go to great pains to remove infested fruit before it reaches the marketplace so consumers won't notice a difference in fruit quality.
Luckily choline can be found in common foods especially eggs and meat products including bacon. Story Source:
and eggs but this is particularly challenging for people who are living in developing countries on an extremely low income.
Robertson's bees were mostly solitary bees small nondescript bees that lay a few eggs in cells
All social species ultimately evolved from a solitary ancestor--in this case a solitary wasp who lays the eggs and feeds the brood.
and using it to fertilize eggs for another 25 years. From an ecological viewpoint an ant colony is much like a tree putting out seeds with the potential to create new trees.
when she was incubating an egg in the same area of the refuge. She was at least five years old at the time.
Albatross lay only one egg a year but it takes much of a year to incubate
which prey on chicks nesting adults and eggs. Albatross evolved on islands where land mammals were absent
that lay their eggs inside the unripe acorns when they are still growing in the tree.
These eggs hatch small larvae in worms shaped and feed inside the acorns without altering the external appearance of this fruit.
That's based on new evidence published online on January 17 in Current Biology that mother quail know the patterning of their own eggs
Not only are camouflaged the eggs but the birds choose to lay their eggs on a substrate that maximizes camouflage said P. George Lovell of Abertay University
and the University of St andrews. Furthermore the maximization seems specific to individual birds. Karen Spencer also of University of St andrews and a co-author had noticed earlier that female quail lay eggs that vary a lot in appearance
and that those differences are repeatable. Some birds consistently lay eggs covered in dark spots;
others have many fewer spots or in some cases almost none at all. That pattern led the researchers to an intriguing idea:
that birds might make optimal egg-laying choices based on the special characteristics of their own eggs. To find out they gave female quail in the lab a choice between four different backgrounds on
which to lay their eggs. Those choice experiments revealed that most quail mothers lay their eggs on background colors to match the spots on their eggs.
That's an effective strategy known as disruptive coloration in which contrasting patterns on surfaces make the outline of an object harder to detect.
Birds laying eggs with little patterning instead choose lighter surfaces to match the predominant background color of their eggs.
The findings suggest that quail in the wild lower the chance that their eggs will be found
and eaten by predators through careful decision-making the researchers say. Animals make choices based upon their knowledge of the environment
In this specific case birds know what their eggs look like and can make laying choices that will minimize predation.
of which are linked to food items such as eggs chicken beef pork salad vegetables and dairy products. Between 1981 and 1991 the number of salmonella infections rose by 170%in the UK driven primarily by an epidemic of Salmonella enteritidis
and using the Lion Mark on eggs. The code of practice requires mandatory vaccination of all young hens destined to lay Lion eggs against Salmonella as well as traceability of hens eggs
and feed a best-before date stamped on shells and hygiene controls at packing stations.
Lion eggs now account for around 85%of the total market. Sarah O'brien Professor of Epidemiology and Zoonoses from the University's Institute of Infection and Global Health attributes a dramatic fall in the number of Salmonella cases in humans to this mass vaccination programme in poultry.
potatoes milk eggs and fast food/burgers. Consumption was categorised as never; occasionally; once or twice a week;
The Western pattern was characterized by higher intakes of bread eggs fats fried vegetables alcohol and soft drinks and the lowest intakes of milk and whole fruit.
The beetle invades a tree by landing on the bark and laying an egg. That larva will hatch
None of the nonsynthetic insecticides had any noticeable effect against bed bug eggs except for Ecoraider which killed 87 percent of them.
It can be found in various kinds of fruit but also in soybeans spinach eggs and cottage cheese.
and eggs derived from animals that have consumed GE feed are indistinguishable from the products derived from animals fed a non-GE diet Van Eenennaam said.
and lay eggs in the pest insectâ#said Dr. Michael Kolomiets Texas A&m Agrilife Research plant pathologist in College Station.
and lay eggs in the caterpillarâ##s body. â#oewe have proven that when you delete these volatiles parasitic wasps are attracted no longer to that planteven
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