Humans use the meat milk horns and leather. Buffalo are used also for transportation and to pull plows.
genes for better milk: Nature Newson 13 january, the US Department of agriculture (USDA) launched a service that allows dairy-cattle breeders to double their chances of selecting the best bulls to sire milk-producing cows.
This is the future of animal breeding, says Juergen Richt, a veterinary surgeon at Kansas State university in Manhattan.
looking for traits linked to milk quality and production. About a year ago, the leading artificial-insemination organizations in the United states and Canada funded a US$1-million research project directed by Curtis Van Tassell
including those known to affect milk quality and production. Using high-throughput analysis, the researchers could then compare the DNA from a young dairy bull against the chip SNPS, telling breeders
which bull would be likely to sire calves that were good milk producers. The test costs about $225
if it sires good milk-producing offspring. The best bulls become elite breeders, says Van Tassell,
and ceramic cooking vessels contained traces of horse milk. Researchers also found that the horses'leg bones resembled those of domestic rather than wild horses.
and found two distinct signatures that seemed to correspond to horse carcass fat and mare's milk.
Although the milk evidence is convincing, the leg bone and bridling analyses are less definitive, says Anthony.
genes for better milk. The project is having a profound impact on the industry today,
and by 2007, dairy herds in the United states were producing 34%more milk from about half as many cows as they were in 1960.
Despite this diversity, years of breeding cattle for meat and milk have weakened the herds, says Cunningham,
and quantity of the food they produce by allowing them to track markers linked with, for example, longevity or milk production,
Improved genetic techniques could push up agricultural yields by as much as 50%or 12 gallons of milk per cow each year,
as both will test positive for antibodies against the virus. Cows also pass on antibodies to their offspring through their milk.
as both will test positive for antibodies against the virus. Cows also pass on antibodies to their offspring through their milk.
cut down on the amount of bacteria in the goats'milk and afterbirth during lambing season the following year1.
Pathogenic E coli are passed typically to humans from ruminant animals (cows or sheep) via faecal contamination in the food chain or through consumption of raw milk or meat products.
and lifestyles the captive pandas eat a more diverse diet that includes fruit and milk they tended to harbour similar microbe species in their guts.
The team also found that some common ingredients in North american recipes milk, butter, cocoa, vanilla, cream and eggs,
Researchers tested milk from dairy herds across England and Wales for antibodies against F. hepatica, an indication of infection,
In 2010 the European union (EU) banned most flukocide drugs because they leave toxic residues in milk.
The milk from cows that receive the remaining two allowed drugs is undrinkable for three days after treatment.
In 2009, it applied the guidelines in approving a GE goat that produces a blood-clotting drug in its milk.
The fermented dairy product left telltale traces of fat on the ceramic fragments, suggesting a way that the region s inhabitants may have evolved to tolerate milk as adults.
and spread of the gene variants needed for the adult population to digest the lactose found in milk,
The Nature podacst team talks to Richard Evershed about finding 7, 000 year old milk in clay jars."
"They could have consumed milk but it might have made them a little poorly, Evershed says.""Perhaps they were processing the milk to lower the lactose content.
Evershed and Dunne s team analysed pottery shards dating from 5200 to 3000 BC, exavated from the Takarkori rock shelter in southwestern Libya s Acacus mountains.
Carbon isotopes from milk fat can also point to the sorts of food the dairy animals ate
The team found that the milk fats came from a range of plants, potentially suggesting that the people milking the animals moved around a lot,
Fresh milk is uncontaminated a reliably source of fluid and people able to tolerate lactose may have stayed better hydrated than people without the gene."
Demand for livestock products such as meat and milk is rising across the globe and could offer poor farmers a route out of poverty as markets expand,
reducing milk and meat production in cattle by 8%.In addition, 27%of livestock in developing countries showed signs of current
In one case, James Murray, another geneticist at the University of California, Davis, was told in 2003 that the USDA had rejected his proposal to develop a goat that produces milk rich in human lysozymes enzymes that fight diarrhoeal disease
Van Eenennaam once hoped to engineer a cow that produced milk rich in omega-3 fats,
but rarely funds proposals to produce drugs or vaccines in the milk of transgenic livestock.
the childhood diarrhoea that the goats milk is intended to treat is a serious problem in the north of the country.
including a fast-growing carp and cows that produce milk with reduced allergenic potential. However, a Chinese researcher who asked to remain anonymous
which can spread to humans through contaminated milk, cattle are screened routinely and infected animals are destroyed.
For years, researchers tried to remove the allergy-inducing milk protein beta-lactoglobulin from cow's milk
They inserted DNA encoding a version of this microrna into the genome to create genetically modified cow embryos that they hoped would grow into cows without the allergen in their milk.
Out of 100 embryos, one calf yielded beta-globulin-free milk.""This isn t a quick process,
Wagner says he has tasted not the milk from his special cow because he s not permitted to under New zealand law."
Breast-milk molecule raises risk of HIV transmissiona type of sugar that occurs naturally in breast milk can double the likelihood of a HIV-negative baby acquiring the virus through breast feeding
The molecule, called 3'-sialyllactose (3'-SL), is found in varying concentrations in the milk of different women.
if the mother's milk has an above-average level of 3'-SL1. But not all milk sugars are problematic
San diego, told a symposium of the International Society for Research in Human Milk and Lactation in Trieste, Italy, over the weekend.
HIV-negative infants who consumed these sugars had a better chance of reaching their second birthday than did HIV-negative babies who drank breast milk lacking those sugars irrespective of their mothers'HIV status. Once a baby had caught HIV, however
Several labs are trying to identify how variation in the prevalence of the large sugar molecules in breast milk, collectively known as human milk oligosaccharides (HMOS), influences infant health.
I think the field has underestimated the variation in human milk, says David Newberg, a carbohydrate specialist at Boston College in Massachusetts.
and the inability of affected infants to secrete a suite of oligosaccharides in their mucus. These babies are considered particularly likely to benefit from drinking the sugars via breast milk,
but about 10%of European women cannot make them in their milk either. At the symposium, Bode described how his lab has pinpointed an HMO called disialyllacto-N-tetraose (DSLNT) that seems to underlie breast milk s contribution to NEC risk.
In rats, they found that upping the levels of that sugar could reduce the severity of NEC on its own3.
five US hospitals are set to monitor DSLNT concentration in the breast milk of mothers whose premature babies develop NEC,
and extracting it from breast milk would be prohibitively expensive.""DSLNT is probably the longest one HMO that has been identified to have an effect,
milk from the cattle that they had begun to herd. Peter Bogucki, an archaeologist at Princeton university in New jersey, was in the 1980s among the first to suspect that cheese-making might have been afoot in Europe as early as 5
Bogucki reasoned that Neolithic farmers had found a way to use their herds for more than milk or meat1.
and confirmed that they came from milk fats.""This research provides the smoking gun that cheese manufacture was practiced by Neolithic people 7,
however, traditionally made cheese contains much less lactose than fresh milk.""The making of cheese would have allowed them to get around the indigestibility of milk without getting ill,
Evershed says.""It s one small step, but it s filling out the picture of that transition from nomadism,
She suggests that Neolithic people might have curdled their milk with bacteria that are found in nature, resulting in a clumpy version of modern mozzarella.
and her colleagues collected milk by pump from all the women in the study after they had exclusively breastfed their infants for four months.
The milk from women who then stopped breastfeeding abruptly contained markedly higher levels of HIV than did milk from the women who continued to breastfeed exclusively:
a median of 2, 708 copies of VIRAL RNA per millilitre of milk compared with fewer than 50 copies per millilitre.
HIV levels in milk rose markedly between samples taken just before weaning and those taken two weeks later;
"Weaning leads to increases in HIV concentrations in breast milk. That s the big message of the paper, says Aldrovandi."
She notes that viral breast-milk levels were substantially higher in mothers who started weaning their infants in the two weeks before the milk collection than in those who breastfed exclusively.
If you have a diet of potato and milk, you don t need anything else. The disappearance of that staple had devastating consequences,
in 2009, the FDA approved a goat that makes an anti-clotting drug in its milk.
breast milk was supplemented with'paps'made of soft bread and apples. Neither cereals nor breast milk contain much Vitamin d
and fruit contains none. Sixteenth-century thinking also dictated that infants be swaddled heavily. The Medici children, wrapped in many heavy layers
They also get some through breast milk formula and exposure to the sun so infants taking 1000 units'worth of Vitamin d supplements a day could easily exceed their daily limits.
#Most Breast Milk Sold Online Is contaminated When organizations such as the American Academy of Pediatrics and the World health organization tell moms to breastfeed their infants they may not be considering the role of internet milk.
Yet driven by their conviction that breast is best a number of parents have begun buying
Experts have worried long buyers may be getting milk that's spoiled or contaminated with pathogens. Now a new study is offering the first scientific evidence that breast milk sold
The journal Pediatrics has published the first study of the safety of breast milk purchased online comparing milk from milk banks
which screen and dispense milk to milk from an exchange website anybody can join. The study scientists from several Ohio research institutes didn't name the website from which they bought their milk
but popular ones include Only the Breast and Eats on Feets. Team members purchased 101 breast milk samples from the exchange site
and tested the samples for illness-causing microbes. They found 74 percent of the samples were contaminated with bacteria such as E coli.
whether contaminated purchased milk made babies sick. However the study researchers say such milk is likely dangerous for infants especially premature babies or babies with other medical problems.
Breast milk banks screen their donators for illnesses and pasteurize the milk they sell so they're safer the researchers found.
There's only enough bank milk for the neediest infants in hospitals however and bank milk costs as much as $6 an ounce The New york times reports.
That's much more than the freely exchanged stuff which ranges from $1 to $2 an ounce.
The average one-month-old consumes 25 ounces of breast milk a day. Check out Reuters and the Times for more about the study.
and sells breast milk of all things check out Wired's 2011 feature on the practice.
water milk meat juice or gravy...mmm...delicious gravy. heart attack alert. Anywho on a serious note:..
You would offer milk and cookies to quench the blood thirst of a killer in your own house.
Infographic Whether you can digest milk comfortably after childhood is a genetic fluke. For many people the ability to produce lactase--the enzyme that allows the body to break down lactase the sugar in milk--disappears after childhood
when we no longer need to survive on our mother's milk. Lactase persistence--the gene that allows about a third of adults to drink milk without major digestive pains--tends to break down geographically as you can see in this infographic from Nature's history of milk tolerance.
It's largely a European phenomenon evolving from a single genetic mutation that occurred less than 10000 years ago.
As Nature explains: Researchers estimate that the allele for lactase persistence might have popped up as recently as 7500 years ago starting in Hungary.
The small pockets of milk tolerance in the middle East West Africa and southern Asia are thought to be part of different genetic mutations.
Read more about the history of milk tolerance here. I am baffled by lack of info people making these maps have
Whenever I see a map of lactase tollerance made by western scientists they show Balkans as a place where about half of people can't drink milk
As a Dutchman I've drunk a quart of full milk every day all my life.
Milk is an important source of protein vitamins and above all calcium and other trace elements. Every Dutchman (the original ones not the imported) drinks milk with their lunch.
or have built I just a tolerance to drinking milk and eating cheese e
#U s. Forest Service Solves Mystery Of Exploding Baseball Batsmaple is the unofficial wood of baseball.
I also don't drink coffee tea milk or alcohol. I suspect my ridiculously good health is more good gene's
I don't drink anything else maybe some milk once or twice a month. I have no weight problems and no health problems at all.
Bring a quart of milk to 185 degrees. Let it cool down to about 110 degrees.
Put the inoculated milk into a sterile container and cover it. Keep it at 100 degrees for 8-12 hours.
or the ambiguous gross-sounding protein layer which could be made from milk animals or plants.
and dinner ($140 per week for 5 adult-sized people) Get some eggs ($3) milk ($3 bread ($1) peanut butter ($3) bananas ($2) a bag of potatoes ($2
A visual representation of diffuse reflection is when a LASER BEAM hits the surface of milk giving off a glow ball around the LASER spot.
and B were both white (like milk) they would reflect red and blue photons equally
P. S. Stay tuned for next time's discussion about imaging cats through a layers of milk another wonder of light diffusion.
and blisters and reducing the amount of milk they give. Their meat and milk are still technically safe to consume
and the disease doesn't affect humans but it can still hit farmers hard. In 2001 a foot-and-mouth outbreak in the U k. cost farmers 8 billion British pounds (about $12 billion.
Milk prices have declined this year from a high of $3. 74 per gallon in May to $3. 65 in July.
But overall prices have been climbing since mid-2009 when milk dipped below $3 a gallon.
Interestingly an article from ABC earlier this year points out that other dairy products like yogurt or cheese aren t quite as volatile as they don t tend to have the same short shelf life as fresh milk.
and combine it with water vegetable butter and vegan sugar (instead of lactose) to make a milk substitute.
Finally this vegan milk can be turned into Real Vegan Cheese in the same way that normal cheese is produced from cow milk.
Milk is chock full of a structure known as micelles Dr. Ricky writes which form a framework that holds and transports lots of calcium to mammal offspring.
but also in the quality of the milk and the way that the cheese is made: the way it's processed the microbes that are added
Nonfat Yogurt (Cultured Pasteurized Nonfat Milk) Live and Active Cultures: S. Thermophilus L. Bulgaricus L. Acidophilus Bifidus and L. Casei Chicory root Fiber Black cherries Water Cherry Juice Concentrate Evaporated Cane Juice Pectin
You will notice items like pasteurized nonfat milk a variety of nonfat milk that comes not from the pasteurization process but from the Pasteur Cows of the Lower Himalayan Range.
It s one thing to flip a single protein as he did to create transgenic goats that produce spider-silk protein in their milk.
You boil milk or water pour it over some cornmeal and/or wheat flour and a little salt and let the hot mix sit in a warm place overnight until it gets bubbly and smelly from bacterial growth.
Cornmeal and milk accelerate the process and help flavor the bread but they're not essential.
In my experience salt-rising breads made with milk smell like a combination of swiss and parmesan--sharp rather than stinky.
Milk-free salt-rising breads tend to be pungent in their own less cheesy way though one of them my all-time favorite so far came out with a wonderful washed-rind aroma.
Milk in the starter seems to boost the butyric but I've found that even dairy-free breads can sometimes be good and cheesy.
Bring milk just to the boil and pour over dry ingredients. Mix briefly then cover loosely
95 percent of milk in the European union comes from grass-fed livestock the article notes
In the world of recycling mixed plastics (everything beyond water bottles milk jugs and plastic bags) were considered a dead end.
#Breeding For High Milk Production Created Less-Fertile Cowsafter generations of careful breeding dairy cows around the world produce more milk than ever.
The same genes that make cows produce more milk also kill off cow embryos they found.
but at the same time having one copy of each makes a cow produce more milk than normal cows that have two copies.
Those that are shouldn't mate with high-milk-producing cows which may be missing those genes too.
#Personalized biochemical analysis of breast milk to help enhance nutrition for the smallest infantsphysicians in the Neonatal Intensive care unit in the Maxine Dunitz Children's Health Center launched a pilot study in
We believe that analyzing mothers'milk and then adding food supplements accordingly is extremely important to the smallest babies said Simmons the Ruth and Harry Roman Chair in Neonatology in honor of Larry Baum.
In the past all milk was fortified to be the same and it was one-size-fits-all Simmons said.
Now we are moving toward having the ability to personalize each mother's milk to give her baby the precise nutrition the baby needs.
Mothers of the infants in the study provide a sample of breast milk. The sample is put into a device that filters the milk
and performs a spectroscopic analysis of the liquid at wave lengths unique for each nutrient. When the analysis is complete the machine gives a breakdown of the milk's composition of proteins fat and carbohydrates.
This analysis lets us know which babies may need nutritional supplements in addition to their mothers'milk Simmons said.
We hope this additional information could lead to more rapid weight gain and a quicker release from the hospital for these premature infants.
) and a beverage (fountain beverage white milk chocolate milk apple juice. By April 2012 all restaurants in this chain served a smaller size kid fry and a packet of apples with each CMB.
This increase was partially due to small changes in advertising for milk. Interestingly the chocolate milk served in 2012 was of the fat-free variety compared to the 1%milk variety served previously.
It also contained 40 fewer calories. Overall the substitutions in beverage purchases resulted in 6 fewer calories served with the average CMB.
#New role for milk: Delivering polyphenols with anticancer activitypolyphenols found in tea manifest anticancer effects
when epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) the major extractable polyphenol in green tea and the most biologically active when diluted in skim milk or other milk complexes remains bioactive and continues to reduce colon cancer cell proliferation in culture
These results support a new role for milk as an ideal platform for delivery of bioactive compounds
or dispersed in milk. The number of living cancer cells (cell viability) was measured and it was shown that EGCG reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent fashion
although at higher concentrations (0. 15 mg/ml and above) the antiproliferative effect of EGCG in water was greater than in milk.
Another experiment evaluated cancer cell proliferation after EGCG was added to different milk products including skim milk milk whey and milk serum.
and EGCG diluted in the milk components at higher EGCG concentrations (0. 8 mg/ml
and above) EGCG reduced cancer cell growth by 80%or more whether diluted in milk or not.
This study showed that the binding of EGCG to the casein micelles did not affect the bioefficacy of EGCG and cell uptake at concentrations higher than 0. 03 mg of EGCG/ml of skim milk.
and vegetable consumption at home by a quarter-to a third-cup and were more likely to choose low-fat or fat-free milk.
how efficiently they convert that feed into milk eggs and meat; and the amount of greenhouse gases they produce.
and poultry are being produced far more efficiently than milk and beef and greenhouse gas emissions vary widely depending on the animal involved and the quality of its diet.
and goats) require up to five times more feed to produce a kilo of protein in the form of meat than a kilo of protein in the form of milk.
Knowing these differences can help us define sustainable and culturally appropriate levels of consumption of milk meat and eggs.
Dr. Denny's son Liam just 18-months-old at the time had an anaphylactic reaction to soy milk in 2008.
and tree nuts but Liam drank soy milk for months before his anaphylactic reaction. After drinking a cup of soy milk as he had done regularly for months Liam immediately started coughing vomiting developed hives all over his body
and slipped into unconsciousness after a few minutes. Dr Denny's husband also a physician administered Liam's epinephrine auto injector then immediately called 911.
and correct parasite-related animal health issues such as reduced live-weight gain calving rates and milk yield.
or unpasteurized milk and milk products and only consume pasteurized products according to a new policy statement from the American Academy of Pediatrics.
Whether from cows goats or sheep raw milk and milk products are a continuing source of bacterial infections that are especially dangerous to pregnant women fetuses the elderly young children
The popularity of raw milk and raw-milk products such as soft cheeses has been growing in recent years in part due to claims of health benefits.
Studies have shown repeatedly that raw milk and pasteurized milk contain equivalent levels of nutrients such as proteins carbohydrates calcium vitamins and enzymes.
Claims that raw milk is associated not with lactose intolerance have not been substantiated by independent studies. We have no scientific evidence that consuming raw milk provides any advantages over pasteurized milk
and milk products said Maldonado an infectious disease expert who also is a pediatrician at Lucile Packard Children's Hospital.
But relative to the amount of raw-milk products on the market we do see a disproportionately large number of diseases and illnesses from raw milk.
From 1998 through 2009 there were 93 recorded outbreaks of disease resulting from consumption of raw milk or raw-milk products causing 1837 illnesses 195 hospitalizations and two deaths.
Most of those illnesses were caused by contamination of the product with E coli or with species of Salmonella or Campylobacter.
Infections by such bacteria can cause diarrhea fever cramps nausea and vomiting. Some infections can become systemic.
A 2011 survey by the National Association of State departments of Agriculture determined that raw milk and raw-milk products were legal to sell in 30 states
though only a few allowed sales in grocery stores. California is among the states that allow such sales.
The FDA banned interstate shipment and sales of raw milk and some raw-milk products in 1987 but it has no jurisdiction over
and death was drinking milk because there was no way to decontaminate it. It was not uncommon for children to contract tuberculosis from milk.
Some advocates of raw-milk consumption argue that cows are healthier now than in the pre-pasteurization era
but Maldonado said that even in healthy herds there are other organisms that can cause serious bacterial infections in children and pregnant women.
or unpasteurized milk and milk products including raw-milk cheeses that have been aged for more than 60 days.
In endorsing a raw-milk cheese ban the statement cited scientific evidence that Escherichia coli 0157 a pathogenic strain of the E coli bacteria that can cause particularly severe symptoms
and in some cases liver failure can survive in raw-milk cheese even after 60 days of aging
The statement also encourages pediatricians to lobby their state representatives in support of a ban on raw-milk sales in the states where they live.
The academy's statement contains a list of organisms detected in raw milk and raw-milk products.
There is really no good reason to drink unpasteurized milk. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Stanford university Medical center.
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