#Antimicrobial edible films inhibit pathogens in meatantimicrobial agents incorporated into edible films applied to foods to seal in flavor freshness
and nanoparticles against foodborne pathogens associated with meat and poultry. The results demonstrate that the bacterial pathogens were inhibited significantly by the use of the antimicrobial films said Catherine Cutter professor of food science.
She hopes that the research will lead to the application of edible antimicrobial films to meat and poultry either before packaging or more likely as part of the packaging process.
In the study which was published online in the April issue of the Journal of Food Science researchers determined survivability of bacterial pathogens after treatment with 2 percent oregano essential oil 2 percent rosemary essential oil
and the researchers determined the antimicrobial activity of these films against bacterial pathogens inoculated onto petri dishes.
and poultry products with bacterial pathogens treated them with the pullulan films containing the essential oils
#Involvement of gene in lentivirus infections of sheep, goats has been establishedin her Phd thesis Helena Crespo-Otano has studied the mechanism of the action of the small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) a type of virus
in the same family as HIV and which infects sheep and goat species. Lentiviruses are viruses responsible for slow infections that damage the immune system and
which cause a range of clinical symptoms (nervous pulmonary arthritic and mammary). The thesis is entitled Papel del receptor de la manosa y de la polarizaciã n de macrã fagos en la infecciã n por
lentivirus de pequeã os rumiantes Role of the mannose receptor and the polarization of macrophages due to lentivirus infection in small ruminants.
As Helena Crespo explained what is observed in the flocks infected by the small ruminant lentivirus is a fall in productivity an increase in mortality caused by secondary infections
or treatments to combat infections of this type so innate immunity factors are being studied as an effective alternative to treat
or prevent these infections. The cells of the immune system like the macrophages have mechanisms to counteract the infection.
For example in their membranes they have so-called pathogen pattern recognition receptors which enable them to recognise
and neutralise them pointed out the researcher. Specifically the so-called MR (mannose receptor) could be a safe door of entry for certain bacteria protozoa parasites and viruses like SRLVS into the target cell
which would encourage infection and the development of associated pathologies. In this context the thesis deals in depth with hitherto unknown aspects of infection by small ruminant leniviruses.
We have identified and characterised the ovine MR gene and have determined its involvement in the entry of the virus into the cells that express it.
The author of the work studied the role played by this molecule in the development of various pathologies associated with infection So after analysing the MR expression in 124 tissue samples from 31 animals we saw that there was a greater expression of the mannose receptor in the more affected organs.
Furthermore it was observed that the infection induces M2 polarisation which favours the establishing and evolution of the disease opening up the possibility of identifying new therapeutic targets to combat lentiviral infections.
Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Elhuyar Fundazioa. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length n
which plants are able to better defend themselves against disease-causing pathogens. The work led by Dr Jurriaan Ton
BABA has long been known for its protective effects against devastating plant diseases such as potato blight but has so far not been used widely in crop protection because of undesirable side effects.
which most conventional breeding programs are based is comparably easy to overcome by a pathogen. By contrast priming of multi-genic immunity by BABA is difficult to break
Currently we have situations where people get infections they die from because the antibiotics are not effective anymore.
The bacteria that caused the infections are multi-drug resistant. According to a 2013 report by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (http://www. cdc. gov/drugresistance/threat-report-2013) at least 2 million people become infected with antibiotic-resistant bacteria
and at least 23000 people die each year as a direct result of these infections in the United states. Currently two places where antibiotics are used most widely are hospitals
not only to treat infections in animals but also in helping animals grow. Antibiotics in low doses are added as feed additives primarily in poultry
There are likely many other potential environmental connections as well so it's hard to pinpoint specific infections
and in human infections Zurek said but because antibiotic resistance in human infections is such a serious global health problem that has led to higher patient mortality rates prolonged hospitalization
and increased healthcare costs it needs to be tackled from many angles. Clearly pest management and trying to minimize the pest populations on farms
mitigating genetic risk for diabetesas the number of people with type 2 diabetes continues to rise
A new study finds that African american children with a genetic predisposition to diabetes may be able to reduce their risk by getting the USDA-recommended dose of calcium.
Even though life expectancy for people with diabetes has gone up the disease has a significant impact on quality of life
so finding ways to prevent people from developing diabetes is said critical Laura Tosi M d. director of the bone health program at Children's National Medical center and one of the study's lead investigators.
We were excited to find that higher calcium intake appears to mitigate the impact of some of the risk genes for type 2 diabetes
An estimated 25 million people in the United states have diabetes or about 1 in 12 people.
and other health indicators in 142 African american children age 5-9. None of the study participants were diabetic
Among children who tested positive for gene variants known to be associated with type 2 diabetes those who consumed higher amounts of calcium had a significantly lower body mass index and percent body fat than those with lower
Body mass index and percent body fat are strong indicators of a child's risk for developing diabetes later in life.
Co-investigator Joseph Devaney Ph d. said the study could help lead to a more personalized approach to diabetes prevention.
or her specific risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes and then develop a targeted preventative approach to mitigate those risk factors with specific lifestyle interventions such as increasing calcium intake
or related dietary factors may cause epigenetic changes that affect how the diabetes-linked genes are expressed.
and environmental factors in children is especially helpful for a disease as complex as diabetes said Devaney.
By the time an adult is diagnosed with diabetes there are usually numerous risk factors that need to be addressed.
#Technological advancements extend long-term survival of transplanted hearts across speciescardiac transplantation is the treatment of choice for end stage heart failure.
and have issues with power supplies infection and both clotting and hemolysis. Transplantation using an animal organ
The researchers'next step is to use hearts from the same GE pigs with the same immunosuppression utilized in the current experiments to test their ability to provide full life support by replacing the original baboon heart.
If successful this method could change the current transplant paradigm eliminating the shortage of donor organs including hearts livers kidneys intestine as well as insulin producing cells for treatment of diabetes concludes Dr. Mohiuddin.
and animals and is found in many foods--on weed control efficacy crop injury and squash yields of yellow squash.
Analyses showed that increasing the PA application rate increased the crop injury rating at 1 and 3 days after each application;
maximum squash injury occurred for each application rate at 9 days after treatment. Yield analysis found that the 10-lb/acre PA treatment produced the highest squash yields
This research determined that a sequential postdirected application of pelargonic acid at 10-lb/acre in 40-gal/acre can consistently produce satisfactory weed control with low crop injury to produce weed-free
Neiker-Tecnalia has in recent years been detecting new races of the pathogen with a hitherto unseen aggressiveness
Plant lesions become visible on day five following an attack by the fungus. The symptoms can be seen firstly on the lower leaves where a light-green
The lesions then spread across the remaining surface of the leaf and can be seen in the form of dark green grey-brown or black patches.
Rising sea levels coastal flooding and tidal waves cause danger to life and risk of injury and hinder livelihoods in low-lying coastal areas and in small island nations.
#Critical end-stage liver disease discovery madea team of researchers in the University of Arizona's College of Pharmacy has discovered a molecular pathway that could be key to creating new therapeutics that would slow or even reverse
the progression of end-stage liver disease. Although cirrhosis of the liver is associated most commonly with alcohol or drug abuse the condition--marked by scar tissue replacing healthy liver tissue--also can result from viral hepatitis obesity and diabetes as well as certain inherited diseases.
According to the National institutes of health cirrhosis is the 12th leading cause of death by disease in the U s as with many other human pathologic conditions end-stage liver disease goes hand in hand with oxidative stress
which refers to damage inflicted to biological tissues by reactive oxygen molecules. Such molecules also called free radicals occur naturally as a byproduct of metabolic processes in the body
and are associated with many chronic diseases including cancer diabetes neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. Cells keep oxidative stress under control through various mechanisms said Donna Zhang a professor in the UA Department of Pharmacology
and Toxicology explaining that most of these mechanisms involve Nrf2 a protein present in virtually every cell that acts as a molecular switch.
During liver cirrhosis Nrf2 should be induced by oxidative stress but for reasons unclear until this study this does not happen.
Somehow the protective mechanism mediated by Nrf2 is compromised by another factor other than Keap1 in liver cirrhosis. Adding to the mystery is the fact that drugs aimed at inhibiting Keap1 from chewing up Nrf2 have proven ineffective in a cirrhotic liver.
As liver cirrhosis progresses excessive inflammation triggers the garbage-mediated stress response and Hrd1 becomes very abundant
In laboratory experiments Zhang and her colleagues were able to restore Nrf2 levels in cirrhotic liver tissue by inactivating Hrd1 effectively reversing liver cirrhosis in mice.
The study Hrd1 suppresses Nrf2-mediated cellular protection during liver cirrhosis is published in the April 1 issue of the journal Genes and Development.
The double-blind randomized clinical trial included 16 healthy subjects ages 19 to 30 to assess
and oft-studied plant Arabidopsis puts out a molecular signal that invites an attack from a pathogen.
In tomatoes the infection leads to unsightly brown spots. Peck's team at the University of Missouri had discovered a mutant type of the plant known as Arabidopsis mkp1
which is resistant to infection by Pseudomonas syringae. The Missouri and PNNL groups compared levels of metabolites in Arabidopsis to those in the mutant mkp1 form of the plant.
Peck's group used those findings as a guide to find the compounds that had the biggest effect--a combination that invites infection.
But when the combination of acids is introduced onto mkp1 it quickly becomes a target for infection.
Our results now show that the plant can also disguise itself from pathogen recognition by removing the signals needed by the pathogen to become fully virulent.
The same molecular machinery employed by Pseudomonas syringae is used also by a host of microbes to cause diseases that afflict people including salmonella the plague respiratory disease and chlamydia.
and are more resistant to infection. Also a better understanding of the signals that microbes use helps scientists who rely on such organisms for converting materials like switchgrass and wood chips into useable fuel.
Limited exposure to hydrogen sulfide causes sore throats shortness of breath and dizziness according to the researchers. The human nose quickly becomes desensitized to hydrogen sulfide leading to an inability to detect higher concentrations.
When pumped out of a production well the particles can be analyzed with a spectrometer to determine the level of contamination This paper is a big step
#Combination of alcohol, tobacco increases risk of esophageal cancerthe rate of developing esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) nearly doubles in those who both smoke
and tobacco in the risk of ESCC a class of esophageal cancer that begins in the flat cells lining the esophagus.
and tobacco play an important role in the development of esophageal cancer the combination of their use markedly increases their potency as carcinogens.
As a result we as physicians should focus efforts directed at controlling the burden of esophageal cancer on those who consume both of these substances said lead author Anoop Prabhu MD Advanced Endoscopy Fellow at the Icahn School of medicine at Mount sinai
According to the National Cancer Institute it is estimated in 2014 there will be over 18000 new cases of esophageal cancer in the United states and over 15000 deaths from the disease.
when these genes appear in the types of pathogenic bacteria that cause food-borne illnesses
or hospital infections Since there is a connection between AR genes found in environmental bacteria and bacteria in hospitals we wanted to know what kind of bacteria are released into the environment via this route of manure fertilization says Fabienne Wichmann lead study author and former postdoctoral researcher at Yale university in New haven Connecticut.
The team also found an entire new family of AR genes that confer resistance to chloramphenicol antibiotics which are used commonly to treat respiratory infections in livestock.
Alternatively benign bacteria in manure might transfer resistance genes to pathogens at any point along the path--in manure soil food or humans.
or delay the onset of heart disease hypertension osteoporosis and Type 2 Diabetes while six in 10 associate it with benefits linked to age-related memory loss cancer and Alzheimer's disease (MSI 2012a).
Last year 56 percent of consumers bought foods or beverages that targeted a specific condition
and one-third believe protein boosts metabolism and aids in fat burning. Gen Zen: Today's Millennials between the ages of 14 and 33 view their food choices as healthier more expensive more natural/organic less processed better tasting and fresh (Hartman 2013c.
and the use of marijuana while also working to reduce any related social ills. A new study published online by the American Journal of Public health outlines how regulations on alcohol
and addiction how to restrict contaminants in marijuana products and how to discourage the dual use of marijuana and alcohol particularly in public settings.
Cecil H. Brown of Northern Illinois University in Dekalb Ill.;Eike Luedeling of the World Agroforestry Centre in Nairobi Kenya;
or size differences or pathology that might plausibly be related to animals living with people. Sometimes there aren't morphological shifts that are easy to find
for nowseveral parasites and pathogens that devastate honeybees in Europe Asia and the United states are spreading across East Africa
and Europe--parasites pathogens and pesticides--do not seem to be affecting Kenyan bees at least not yet said Christina Grozinger professor of entomology and director of the Center for Pollinator Research Penn State.
and measure pesticide contaminants in hives and determine the genetic composition of the colonies. This is the first comprehensive survey of bee health in East Africa where we have examined diseases genetics
As these new parasites and pathogens become more widespread as pesticide use increases and as landscape degradation increases due to increased urbanization farming and climate change we expect to see the combination of all these factors negatively impact the bees in the future Grozinger said.
We are seeing more and more evidence of climate events weakening trees making them more likely to succumb to insects pathogens
Two possible speed bumpsmany crops are distinguished from their wild ancestors with a suite of traits called the domestication syndrome.
#Suicide epidemic among Indias marginalized farmersa new study has found that India's shocking rates of suicide are highest in areas with the most debt-ridden farmers who are clinging to tiny smallholdings--less than one hectare
and reports from the field and suggest there is a suicide epidemic in marginalized areas of Indian agriculture that are at the mercy of global economics.
and in many cases their wives too taking their own lives by drinking the modern pesticides designed to provide them with bountiful harvests--a truly horrific end as the chemicals cause swift muscle and breathing paralysis. Added Kennedy:
and pathogens as well as provide temperature regulation and comfort. Dr. Samson added Chimpanzees like humans are highly selective
#First metritis vaccine protects dairy cowscornell scientists have created the first vaccines that can prevent metritis one of the most common cattle diseases.
The infection not only harms animals and farmers'profits but also drives more systemic antibiotic use on dairy farms than any other disease.
The new vaccines prevent metritis infection of the uterus from taking hold and reduce symptoms when it does a prospect that could save the United states billions of dollars a year
and help curb the growing epidemic of antibiotic resistance. The research was published in the journal PLOS One.
Metritis develops after a cow gives birth when bacteria take advantage of the open vagina and cervix to settle in the uterus.
Infected cows suffer fever pain inflammation lack of appetite depression and reduced reproductive abilities. Metritis affects as many as 25 percent of the roughly 9 million dairy cows in the United states costing nearly $400 per case in lost productivity and treatment costs.
It is the number one cause of systemic antibiotic use which floods the whole body with antibiotics rather than just a specific region said Rodrigo Bicalho assistant professor of dairy production medicine at the College of Veterinary medicine.
Three of the vaccines Bicalho's lab created lowered metritis incidence and lessened its symptoms in the cows that received them showing promise for alternatives to antibiotics in addressing the disease.
We created multivalent vaccines complex cocktails with several components we've identified as important to causing metritis.
Cows that were vaccinated with the subcutaneous vaccines had lower incidence of postpartum fever and puerperal metritis shorter disease periods and improved reproductive performance compared to those that did not receive the vaccines.
The powerful protection these vaccines produced surprised us. We expected some protective effect but nothing as strong as what we found said Bicalho.
#Masculine boys, feminine girls more likely to engage in cancer risk behaviors, study findsyoung people who conform most strongly to norms of masculinity
and femininity--the most feminine girls and the most masculine boys--are significantly more likely than their peers to engage in behaviors that pose cancer risks according to a new study led by Harvard School of Public health (HSPH) researchers.
The study the first to look at cancer risk behaviors in teens based on their gender expression appears online April 16 2014 in the Journal of Adolescent Health.
and femininity heavily influence teens'behaviors and put them at increased risk for cancer. Though there is nothing inherently masculine about chewing tobacco
and physical inactivity--all risk factors for cancer--are highly prevalent among young people in America.
or boys as masculine--and cancer risk behaviors were included in the study. The results showed that boys who described themselves as very masculine in terms of their self-image
or watching television and movies played a role in promoting certain cancer risk behaviors. For instance among girls media engagement accounted for one-third to one-half of the higher likelihood of using tanning beds.
By understanding the mechanisms of how the bacteria interact with plants the researchers are hoping to find targeted ways to stop the binding reducing the risk of food contamination.
Robinson's research can also be applied worldwide to help with cadmium contamination. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by American Society of Agronomy (ASA) Crop science Society of America (CSSA) Soil science Society of.
and results in a significantly reduced ability to fight infection and disease. The reasoning for this is not understood fully
and treating a range of autoimmune diseases such as arthritis and diabetes. Identifying this defect may someday inhibit the decline of the immune system as a normal part of the aging process.
of which have entered the United states for the first time--porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and delta coronavirus. Swine specialists and molecular diagnosticians at the Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory have developed tests to detect which virus is infecting the pigs.
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus has killed already an estimated 6 million pigs. The Kansas State university laboratory is one of only four in the United states with the new tests to identify these diseases.
#Mercury contamination threatens Antarctic birdsmercury contamination in the Antarctic and Subantarctic affects bird populations reveal researchers from the Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizã and from the'Littoral Environnement et Sociã tã s'Laboratory (CNRS/Universitã de
This could be due to the fact that in Adã lie Land the more severe environmental conditions combined with the increasing presence of other pollutants (pesticides PCBS) magnify the impact of mercury contamination.
if mercury contamination continues to increase skua populations could decline in the long term. The scientists call for further toxicological and demographic studies on other southern species
High levels of PCBS in the body are associated with an increase in hypertension and diabetes.
The findings showed that the rate of PCB disappearance from the participants that ate olestra was markedly faster during the one-year trial than that before the trial says principal investigator Ronald Jandacek Phd an adjunct professor in the department of pathology
Early reports of indigestion issues however prompted reformulation of the product prior to its market entry.
against muscle atrophy. Muscle atrophy or wasting is caused by aging and a variety of illnesses and injuries including cancer heart failure
and orthopedic injuries to name a few. It makes people weak and fatigued impairs physical activity
and quality of life and predisposes people to falls and fractures. The condition affects more than 50 million Americans annually including 30 million people over age 60 and often forces people into nursing homes or rehabilitation facilities.
Muscle atrophy causes many problems for people their families and the health care system in general says Christopher Adams M d. Ph d. UI associate professor of internal medicine and molecular physiology and biophysics.
However we lack an effective way to prevent or treat it. Exercise certainly helps but it's not enough
More muscle less fatin a new study published online April 9 in the Journal of Biological Chemistry Adams searched for a small molecule compound that might be used to treat muscle atrophy.
when people are affected by muscle atrophy. After identifying tomatidine Adams and his team tested its effects on skeletal muscle.
And most importantly they found that tomatidine prevented and treated muscle atrophy. Interestingly although mice fed tomatidine had larger muscles their overall body weight did not change due to a corresponding loss of fat suggesting that the compound may also have potential for treating obesity.
and ursolic acid as natural leads for new medicines targeting muscle atrophy and obesity. Story Source:
or pathogens that can affect consumer health and shorten the shelf life of the product. However microbes--known as thermoduric--can survive pasteurization according to South dakota State university dairy science professor Sanjeev Anand.
#Synthetic gene circuits pump up cell signals in study of neurodegenerative diseasessynthetic genetic circuitry created by researchers at Rice university is helping them see for the first time how to regulate cell mechanisms that degrade the misfolded proteins implicated in Parkinson's Huntington
The study of household and hospital kitchens was published in the May issue of Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology the journal of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America.
WHO reportlarge graphic health warnings on tobacco packets in China would increase awareness about the harms of smoking help to cut smoking rates
and its Guidelines would increase awareness about smoking-related harms in China and encourage Chinese smokers to quit.
and full implementation of THE WHO FCTC would help reduce the growing burden of non-communicable disease in China.
Increasing awareness about the health harms of smoking is particularly important in China where awareness is currently poor
Educating people about the harm of tobacco through graphic warnings on cigarette packages would be one of the most direct and effective ways to reduce tobacco use Dr Liang added.
by improving public awareness of tobacco harms stronger tobacco pack warnings would help to reinforce this policy said THE WHO's Dr Schwartlã¤nder.
#Spring allergies linked to specific food allergies, says specialistthe Midwest's high tree pollen count is primarily birch and oak bad news for carrot celery and almond lovers.
or your gums and throat itch says Joseph Leija MD allergist who performs the Gottlieb Allergy Count the official allergy count for the Midwest.
The spring allergy count in the Midwest is high in birch and oak which usually triggers reactions to carrots celery almonds apples peaches and pears in those with sensitive systems.
More than 45 million Americans suffer from seasonal allergies primarily occurring in spring and fall according to the Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America.
Those with grass allergies should avoid melon tomatoes and oranges Leija warns. And ragweed allergies are linked also to allergies to bananas cantaloupe cucumber zucchini and chamomile tea.
While many people experience minor reactions to certain foods that are basically harmless others have extreme reactions.
Difficulty breathing and itchy rashes are signs to go to a board-certified allergist or in extreme cases straight to the emergency room says Leija who has been performing the Gottlieb Allergy Count for more than two decades.
Dr. Leija who normally conducts the Gottlieb Allergy Count from March to October began the count later than usual this year due to Chicago's longer winter.
The trees have been slow to bloom this year due to the inconsistent warm and cold temperatures he says.
which means post nasal drip congestion and headaches in sufferers. An octogenarian Dr. Leija rises before dawn to collect specimens from his pollen-catching-machine atop a building on the Gottlieb Memorial Hospital campus to deliver the count to the public by 7 a m. You cannot control the weather
Take your allergy medication and see your allergist before you experience health problems. Dr. Leija also advises:
 Keep windows closed to protect inside air from contaminants.  Run the air conditioner and air purifier to remove pollutants.
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