Rinderpest

Anaplasmosis (1)
Babesiosis (1)
Foot-and-mouth disease (10)
Rinderpest (41)
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Synopsis: 5. medicine & health: 1. diseases: Diseases: Animal diseases: Rinderpest:

World health bodies say that within 18 months they will celebrate the eradication of rinderpest, the world's most devastating cattle disease.

Rinderpest tops the list of killer animal diseases, says Juan Lubroth, chief veterinary officer for the Food and Agricultural organization of the United nations (FAO) in Rome.

so too has reduced rinderpest drastically animal populations. Also known as cattle plague, rinderpest can lead to famine when people lose the beasts they need to plough their fields.

It first spread from Asia to Europe in the herds of invading tribes, causing outbreaks in the Roman empire in 376-386,

The world's first veterinary science school was established in France in 1762 to train specialists to deal with rinderpest.

In 1994, a global effort to eradicate rinderpest was launched, headed by the FAO and the World organisation for Animal health (OIE), based in Paris. It incorporated several earlier,

Although the rinderpest vaccine can provide lifelong protection, it also poses a challenge. Because it contains the live virus

Rinderpest tops the list of killer diseases in animals, says Juan Lubroth, chief veterinary officer for the Food and Agricultural organization of the United nations (FAO) in Rome.

Rinderpest, otherwise known as cattle plague, has killed many millions of cattle and other wildlife around the world since it first spread from Asia to Europe in the herds of the invading tribes, causing outbreaks during the Roman empire in 376-386.

which began in 1994 with the launch of the Global Rinderpest Eradication Programme. The programme's success depended on widespread vaccination programmes and long-term monitoring of cattle and wildlife.

but that the FAO and the OIE expect to make an official declaration that rinderpest has been eradicated in 18 months.

Officials act to secure cattle-plague virusrinderpest, a devastating cattle disease, has not been seen in the wild for a decade,

but it lives on in scores of labs. Twelve months after the world celebrated the success of a years-long vaccination campaign that made rinderpest only the second disease after smallpox to be eradicated,

Rinderpest is as deadly to cattle as highly pathogenic H5n1 avian flu is to chickens. In past decades, outbreaks ripped through herds and wiped out up to 90%of animals, often leaving famine,

a member of a seven-person multidisciplinary Joint Advisory Committee (JAC) on rinderpest that was set up to consolidate the eradication by the Rome-based Food and agriculture organization of the united nations (FAO) and the Paris-based World organisation for Animal health (OIE).

The committee would also approve all future research on live rinderpest virus to ensure that its benefits outweigh the risks.

the Middle east and Asia, where rinderpest outbreaks were common until recently, and a handful of established rinderpest research centres,

such as the Institute for Animal health in Pirbright, UK, and the Plum Island Animal disease Center in New york state.

-and-mouth and rinderpest, caused an outbreak in the United kingdom in 2007. Active research on rinderpest has waned as the disease has been brought under control over the past few decades,

says Michael Baron, a rinderpest researcher at the Pirbright centre. He and others say that the biggest threat is forgotten from long samples of virus from past research programmes,

and serum and other samples collected for diagnostic or other purposes, that may be lurking in lab freezers.

Rinderpest vaccine strains, which are stocked in many countries and consist of live attenuated virus, are also a concern.

Until the world is certain that rinderpest is gone for good, vaccine strains will need probably to be maintained in high-security labs in several regions

But he says that just a couple of pure-research labs would be enough to pursue the valuable scientific opportunities that rinderpest still offers.

and humans don t catch rinderpest. Understanding why this is so could provide insight into the pathology and basic biology of viruses,

that might also protect against rinderpest. That would eliminate the need to keep any stocks of live attenuated rinderpest virus at all.

Baron s home lab contains more than 100 Â different rinderpest virus isolates, which he says represent"basically the history of the disease.

He intends to sequence them all in the next few years so that they can be recreated if ever needed

Research restart Research on the rinderpest virus is set to resume after being off limits since 2011,

Rinderpest research restartsresearch is set to resume on the rinderpest virus, the cause of a deadly cattle disease that was declared eradicated in 2011

and goats might also protect cattle against rinderpest. Led by Michael Baron, a rinderpest researcher at the Pirbright Institute in Pirbright, UK, the project,

if successful, would eliminate the need to retain stocks of live-attenuated rinderpest vaccine. That would contribute to the goal of reducing the number of labs worldwide holding rinderpest material,

thus decreasing the risk of reintroduction. Some 55 labs in 35 countries still hold some kind of rinderpest virus,

according to a 2011 survey published in January 2013 in the journal Emerging Infectious diseases: 37%of them in Asia, 29%in Africa and 26%in Europe (G. Fourniã et al.

Emerging Infect. Dis. http://doi. org/m7w; 2013). ) The identities of the labs remain confidential.

so that they can be deployed within hours of any confirmed recurrence of rinderpest. No siting decisions have been made,

if Baron proves that PPR vaccines can protect cattle against rinderpest, it would provide an elegant way around such political issues:

there would no longer be need any to hold onto rinderpest vaccines. Baron says that he hopes to start the vaccine-challenge trials next spring

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