| Anaplasmosis (1) |  |
| Babesiosis (1) | |
| Foot-and-mouth disease (10) | |
| Rinderpest (41) | |
| Zoonosis (29) | |
| Anaplasmosis (1) | |
| Babesiosis (1) | |
| Foot-and-mouth disease (10) | |
| Rinderpest (41) | |
| Zoonosis (29) | |
Their answers to the second have focused on zoonoses, particularly RNA VIRUSES. The prospect of a new viral pandemic, for these sober professionals, looms large.
already battling an outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease, said this week it was raising its bird flu alert level after detecting H5n1 bird flu at poultry farms.
And to cap it all the risk that insects may transmit zoonotic infections may well be less significant than the very real risk posed by cattle, pig and poultry, from
The virus is not zoonotic meaning it has jumped not yet species to infect humans or other animals according to a statement from the National Pork Board.
Recent research has revealed that 13 zoonotic viruses infect and kill an estimated 2. 2 million people each year.
Additionally the United states is one of several regions worldwide that are considered hotspots of emerging zoonoses diseases that are newly infectious to humans.
Thousands more develop tick-borne diseases such as the malarialike disease babesiosis the flulike anaplasmosis and the Heartland virus infection.
World health bodies say that within 18 months they will celebrate the eradication of rinderpest, the world's most devastating cattle disease.
Rinderpest tops the list of killer animal diseases, says Juan Lubroth, chief veterinary officer for the Food and Agricultural organization of the United nations (FAO) in Rome.
so too has reduced rinderpest drastically animal populations. Also known as cattle plague, rinderpest can lead to famine when people lose the beasts they need to plough their fields.
It first spread from Asia to Europe in the herds of invading tribes, causing outbreaks in the Roman empire in 376-386,
The world's first veterinary science school was established in France in 1762 to train specialists to deal with rinderpest.
In 1994, a global effort to eradicate rinderpest was launched, headed by the FAO and the World organisation for Animal health (OIE), based in Paris. It incorporated several earlier,
Although the rinderpest vaccine can provide lifelong protection, it also poses a challenge. Because it contains the live virus
Rinderpest tops the list of killer diseases in animals, says Juan Lubroth, chief veterinary officer for the Food and Agricultural organization of the United nations (FAO) in Rome.
Rinderpest, otherwise known as cattle plague, has killed many millions of cattle and other wildlife around the world since it first spread from Asia to Europe in the herds of the invading tribes, causing outbreaks during the Roman empire in 376-386.
which began in 1994 with the launch of the Global Rinderpest Eradication Programme. The programme's success depended on widespread vaccination programmes and long-term monitoring of cattle and wildlife.
but that the FAO and the OIE expect to make an official declaration that rinderpest has been eradicated in 18 months.
Researchers from the United kingdom studied the direct transmission of foot-and-mouth disease from one cow to another in a unique experimental setup that might also find applications in the study of other pathogens.
The difference in foot-and-mouth disease infectiousness predicted previously and that found through the experimental study shows a need for better evidence
The pathogens include bacteria and viruses that cause smallpox, the plague, anthrax, Ebola and foot-and-mouth disease.
EAEC strains are associated not typically with zoonotic infections, and EAEC and Shiga toxin is a very unusual combination,
their protected status. Zoonotic spill over only occurs where you have contact, says Peter Hudson, a wildlife epidemiologist at Pennsylvania State university in State College.
Beef producers have been alarmed particularly that the 2010 assessment put the cumulative risk of foot-and-mouth disease escaping from the NBAF over the facility s projected 50-year lifespan at 70%(see Fear factor.
The two agencies responsible for monitoring disease outbreaks in animals the Food and agriculture organization (FAO) of the United nations and the World organisation for Animal health (OIE) stipulate that sequences of potentially zoonotic viruses should be deposited in public databases within 3 months
Manney sees zoonotic diseases those that can spread to humans as posing an even greater source of risk and uncertainty.
"Very complex procedures are involved in dealing with zoonotic diseases, and there s no way to know what emerging diseases that the lab will be handling ten or twelve years from now and
and livestock provide ripe conditions for endemic zoonotic diseases to arise and spread, the study says.
and the United kingdom, are hotspots of emerging zoonotic infections, such as avian influenza.""Zoonoses present a major threat to human and animal health.
The burden for poor farmers is big, says Delia Grace, a veterinary epidemiologist at the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) in Nairobi,
but zoonotic disease are a major obstacle to this goal. For example, the study estimates that one in eight livestock animals in poor countries are affected by brucellosis,
The study builds on previous efforts to rank zoonotic diseases affecting the poor. But those efforts relied on the opinions of experts
the United kingdom and Australia are the key hotspots for emerging zoonotic diseases. It is unclear why endemic diseases
Officials act to secure cattle-plague virusrinderpest, a devastating cattle disease, has not been seen in the wild for a decade,
but it lives on in scores of labs. Twelve months after the world celebrated the success of a years-long vaccination campaign that made rinderpest only the second disease after smallpox to be eradicated,
Rinderpest is as deadly to cattle as highly pathogenic H5n1 avian flu is to chickens. In past decades, outbreaks ripped through herds and wiped out up to 90%of animals, often leaving famine,
a member of a seven-person multidisciplinary Joint Advisory Committee (JAC) on rinderpest that was set up to consolidate the eradication by the Rome-based Food and agriculture organization of the united nations (FAO) and the Paris-based World organisation for Animal health (OIE).
The committee would also approve all future research on live rinderpest virus to ensure that its benefits outweigh the risks.
the Middle east and Asia, where rinderpest outbreaks were common until recently, and a handful of established rinderpest research centres,
such as the Institute for Animal health in Pirbright, UK, and the Plum Island Animal disease Center in New york state.
-and-mouth and rinderpest, caused an outbreak in the United kingdom in 2007. Active research on rinderpest has waned as the disease has been brought under control over the past few decades,
says Michael Baron, a rinderpest researcher at the Pirbright centre. He and others say that the biggest threat is forgotten from long samples of virus from past research programmes,
and serum and other samples collected for diagnostic or other purposes, that may be lurking in lab freezers.
Rinderpest vaccine strains, which are stocked in many countries and consist of live attenuated virus, are also a concern.
Until the world is certain that rinderpest is gone for good, vaccine strains will need probably to be maintained in high-security labs in several regions
But he says that just a couple of pure-research labs would be enough to pursue the valuable scientific opportunities that rinderpest still offers.
and humans don t catch rinderpest. Understanding why this is so could provide insight into the pathology and basic biology of viruses,
that might also protect against rinderpest. That would eliminate the need to keep any stocks of live attenuated rinderpest virus at all.
Baron s home lab contains more than 100 Â different rinderpest virus isolates, which he says represent"basically the history of the disease.
He intends to sequence them all in the next few years so that they can be recreated if ever needed
Research restart Research on the rinderpest virus is set to resume after being off limits since 2011,
biofilms and zoonotic pathogens is on the agenda at the 5th Congress of European Microbiologists in Leipzig,
Rinderpest research restartsresearch is set to resume on the rinderpest virus, the cause of a deadly cattle disease that was declared eradicated in 2011
and goats might also protect cattle against rinderpest. Led by Michael Baron, a rinderpest researcher at the Pirbright Institute in Pirbright, UK, the project,
if successful, would eliminate the need to retain stocks of live-attenuated rinderpest vaccine. That would contribute to the goal of reducing the number of labs worldwide holding rinderpest material,
thus decreasing the risk of reintroduction. Some 55 labs in 35 countries still hold some kind of rinderpest virus,
according to a 2011 survey published in January 2013 in the journal Emerging Infectious diseases: 37%of them in Asia, 29%in Africa and 26%in Europe (G. Fourniã et al.
Emerging Infect. Dis. http://doi. org/m7w; 2013). ) The identities of the labs remain confidential.
so that they can be deployed within hours of any confirmed recurrence of rinderpest. No siting decisions have been made,
if Baron proves that PPR vaccines can protect cattle against rinderpest, it would provide an elegant way around such political issues:
there would no longer be need any to hold onto rinderpest vaccines. Baron says that he hopes to start the vaccine-challenge trials next spring
Researchers have built a mimic of the outer capsule of the foot-and-mouth disease virus. Inside where the virus'genetic material normally lives is empty.
Foot-and-mouth disease infects cows pigs and sheep giving the animals fevers and blisters and reducing the amount of milk they give.
North american has been free of foot-and-mouth disease for decades but it's still rampant around the globe. Read more about the synthetic foot-and-mouth capsule at PLOS Pathogens.
But these systems also pose significant public health risks (with the transmission of zoonotic diseases from these animals to people)
In other words this bacterium is zoonotic. Malama has detected a large degree of genetic variation amongst M. tuberculosis in humans in this area of Zambia
Health authorities wildlife managers and cattle owners must work together to stop zoonotic tuberculosis in Namwala and the bordering areas in Kafue.
Malama comes to the conclusion that zoonotic tuberculosis is a considerable threat to public health in Zambia
#Combating key viral livestock diseases in Ethiopiagelagay Ayelet Melesse's doctoral research reveals that there are several serotypes of the virus causing foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and the African horse sickness virus (AHSV
Typical diseases in this respect are foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) African horse sickness (AHS) lumpy skin disease (LSD) and camel pox.
The World health organization (WHO) ranks them as major zoonoses infectious diseases transmitted between species. The research maps risk factors for transmission of these diseases from animals to humans indicating that closer collaboration between medical doctors
Sarah O'brien Professor of Epidemiology and Zoonoses from the University's Institute of Infection and Global Health attributes a dramatic fall in the number of Salmonella cases in humans to this mass vaccination programme in poultry.
LA-MRSA ST398 is zoonotic i e. it can be transferred directly from animals to humans and cause disease.
and spread of zoonotic infectious agents originating in wild animals. Finally it is estimated today that one in three human in the world--1. 46 billion--is obese or overweight a problem to
In low-and middle-income nations 13 livestock-related zoonoses (diseases transferable between animals and humans) cause 2. 4 billion cases of human illness and 2. 2
Further APEC infections may pose a risk to humans due to their zoonotic potential--their ability to infect human hosts.
A better understanding of infectious capacity (or virulence) and zoonotic potential are therefore essential for combatting these hazardous pathogens.
Because APEC and human Expec forms share important virulence characteristics possible zoonotic transmission is a serious health concern.
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