whether artificial light generates a certain conflict between the sexes says Mahr. The fact that such a conflict impairs the reproduction of tits was shown by Mahr in a previous study. http://www. frontiersinzoology. com/content/9/1/14besides artificial light may cause shorter resting periods
and thus impose additional stress on the fledglings. Light possibly has impact on the entire ecological system of the woodsmore light may also affect other living beings in the Viennese Forests.
#Moose drool inhibits growth of toxic fungussome sticky research out of York University shows a surprisingly effective way to fight against a certain species of toxic grass fungus:
Methoxychlor causes epigenetic changeswashington State university researchers say ancestral exposures to the pesticide methoxychlor may lead to adult onset kidney disease ovarian disease and obesity in future generations.
For people exposed to the pesticide Skinner says his findings have reduced implications such as fertility increased adult onset disease
#Strengthening community forest rights is critical tool to fight climate changestrengthening community forest rights is an essential strategy to reduce billions of tonnes of carbon emissions making it an effective way
The greatest threat and cause of the decline of the New england cottontail is the reduction
The researchers believe that there are several factors contributing to the decline in population in the Oak Creek area including major threats by nonnative species such as crayfish predatory fish and invasive plants.
Perhaps the less-busy bees function as a kind of reserve force that can kick into high gear
Measurements of three of these parameters came from the Princeton university Global Meteorological Forcing Dataset (PGF) previously developed by two of the study's authors Research Scholar Justin Sheffield and Eric F. Wood the Susan Dod
This finding disputes hypotheses that attribute delays in early language acquisition of twins to mothers whose attention is reduced due to the demands of caring for two toddlers said Rice.
since its adoption in 2009 because we knew their introduction into our state poses a huge threat to the future of our forests says Bernie Williams invasive species specialist in forest health at the Wisconsin Department of Natural resources.
Monica Turner a UW-Madison zoology professor and a graduate student in her lab have begun studies on the crazy worms'assault on soil.
But careful cleaning of equipment and quarantine is their first line of defense. Fighting invasive species--like buckthorn and gypsy moths and garlic mustard--is a big part of our work here Herrick says
When a pathogen infects a plant the defense response is activated producing an increase of certain proteins related to the defense (known as protein 5). Likewise the fungus increases the production of the proteins involved in attacks or virulence.
These results suggest that patients allergic to Alternaria can suffer an allergy attack after eating infected kiwifruit.
New research by British and Dutch scientists has found that Aspergillus--a common fungus that attacks the lungs
He believes merging antifungal resistance in human pathogenic fungi is causing a huge threat to patients especially to those with weaken immune systems
and polyphenols to defend against pest attacks and related injuries. In people phenols and polyphenols can help prevent diseases triggered
and that the primary reason was the onset of irrigation in agriculture and population growth.
Now that companies are looking to Africa we wanted to determine how large the potential threat to African ape species is.
The new analysis shows that the oil palm industry presents a significant threat to apes all across Africa.
Threats and solutionsthe yellow crazy ant Anoplolepis gracilipes is ranked amongst the top 100 worst global invasive species
or considering firewood bans determine how to deploy resources for surveillance firewood inspections or other activities.
's Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center a part of the Southern Research Station (SRS. Although more than 65 percent of campers carry firewood from home and that wood often comes from dead
#Fungus in yogurt outbreak poses threat to consumersthe fungus responsible for an outbreak of contaminated Greek yogurt last year is not harmless after all
or eavesdropping spies outside of the colony? Many animals are thought to deter eavesdroppers by making their signals revealing the location or quality of resources less conspicuous to outsiders.
It tells nestmates where to find good food and hints at a larger occupying force.
Researchers have thought in general about eavesdropping as a force that makes signals less conspicuous leading to the evolution of'whispers'to counter spying.
which show high levels of aggression toward intruders but the risks and energy costs to the eavesdroppers apparently aren't worth the trouble.
For attacks between colonies of the same species there is also a risk that the conflict will escalate to physical interactions in
and creating a persistently infected animal that is a threat to the entire herd. Story Source:
#A case study of manta rays and lagoonsdouglas Mccauley a new assistant professor in UC Santa barbara's Department of Ecology Evolution and Marine Biology does fieldwork in one of the most isolated places in the world--Palmyra Atoll.
whose captain discovered it in 1802 Palmyra contains a 12-square-kilometer national wildlife refuge part of the larger Pacific Remote Islands Marine National monument established in 2009.
The researchers'findings appear in the journal Marine Biology. There is very little known scientifically about manta rays said Mccauley.
and their connection to this particular marine habitat Mccauley explained. Using a novel combination of research tools the scientists examined how the manta rays use lagoons
Although there is no evidence that Palmyra ever supported permanent indigenous settlements its habitats were affected dramatically during WORLD WAR II
when it was occupied by American troops. Lagoons are imperiled often very places so that was certainly part of our interest Mccauley said.
when the body's immune system mistakes a harmless food protein for a threat and attacks it as it would normally do with a bacterium or a virus. This causes symptoms like swelling rashes pain and even life-threatening anaphylactic shocks.
Cow milk allergy is common among children preventing them from breast feeding and drinking milk although some outgrow the allergy by six years of age.
The rate at which the Caribbean corals have been declining is truly alarming says Carl Gustaf Lundin Director of IUCN's Global Marine and Polar Programme.
While it does pose a serious threat by making oceans more acidic and causing coral bleaching the report shows that the loss of parrotfish
Reefs protected from overfishing as well as other threats such as excessive coastal pollution tourism and coastal development are more resilient to pressures from climate change according to the authors.
These include the U s. Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary in the northern Gulf of mexico Bermuda and Bonaire all of
and other threats Vincent said. This could make a big difference in protecting tropical biodiversity and reducing greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation and forest degradation.
and the University of Minnesota who warn of threats to freshwater streams that millions ofpeople depend on for drinking water food and livelihoods.
From the mid-1000s to 1280--by which time all the farmers had raged left--conflicts across the northern Southwest
A Malthusian trap but also a violence trap. The northern Southwest had as many as 40000 people in the mid-1200s
But nanotubes that happen to broadside the target unzip into handy ribbons that can be used in composite materials for strength
Until now we knew we could use mechanical forces to shorten and cut carbon nanotubes. This is the first time we have showed carbon nanotubes can be unzipped using mechanical forces.
The researchers fired pellets of randomly oriented multiwalled carbon nanotubes from a light gas gun built by the Rice lab of materials scientist Enrique Barrera with funding from NASA.
The Department of defense U s. Air force Office of Scientific research through a Multidisciplinary University Research Institute grant and the Brazilian agencies National Council for Scientific and Technological Development Coordination for the Improvement of Higher education
and vegetable juice powder concentrate capsules twice daily (Juice Plus+Â NSA Collierville TN). One group (FV) was given capsules containing a blend of fruit
which is currently under grave threat researchers have identified complement organic farming methods with dedicated efforts to conserve habitats.
and make Europe ready for the fight against climate change. Expected biophysical impacts (such as agriculture yields river floods transport infrastructure losses) have been integrated into an economic model
So the forest was defoliated twice in effect an unusually long-lasting attack which resulted in more pressure on the forest compared to previous outbreaks.
Moth attacks in sparse woods cause extensive changes in ground vegetation--the dwarf shrub heath disappears
In addition to the clones for Arabidopsis and rice GTS Heazlewood and his collaborators at JBEI also created a set of highly efficient particle bombardment plasmids--pbullets
Our pbullet vector series is designed custom for efficient bombardment Heazlewood says. Researchers generally use large unwieldy plasmids that perform badly
In his report Conservation Legacy on a Flagship Forest: Wildlife and Wild Lands on the Flathead National Forest Montana WCS Senior Scientist Dr. John Weaver notes that these protections may not be enough in the face of looming challenges such as climate change.
and may pose threats to brain development during gestation potentially resulting in developmental delay or autism.
and selective forces during the course of evolution have determined which signal is used actually in a given species. The results of the new study show that in many woody plants that thrive in warmer southern climes day-length acts as a safety barrier
while in the second they were infested with rice blast fungus. Despite this the rice yield was 3. 5 tons (t) per hectare or almost as much as the average national yield of 3. 8 t per hectare.
In some ways these findings offer a new benchmark for the beginning of the Anthropocene the epoch in which humans became the most dominant global force in nature.
and other large-scale environmental forces are shaping human history. While there are many theories behind the fall of the Western Han Dynasty Kidder's research suggests human interaction with the environment played a central role in its demise.
while establishing a buffer of human settlement against the threat of nomadic invaders along its northern border.
By A d. 20-21 the flood-torn region had become the epicenter of a popular rebellion one that soon would spell the end of the Western Han Dynasty's five-century reign of power.
Alien species are one of the main threats to biodiversity and native species as well as causing immense economic damage e g. via yield losses in agriculture.
and appropriate scientific know-how to solve these human-wildlife conflicts is imperative to implementing lasting and robust conflict mitigation.
The obvious use for such maps in the immediate future is to help target surveillance to areas most at risk
Sadly wildlife is overlooked often in the age-old battle of human versus rodent. Susan Moses a Cambridge resident who had watched Buzz
After a prolonged battle with the EPA the last manufacturer to comply with the safety standards agreed in May to stop producing its second-generation poisons for sale to residential consumers by the end of the year.
and systems are rapidly achieving intelligence and autonomy mastering more and more capabilities such as mobility and manipulation sensing and perception reasoning and decision making.
Basic histological examinations by no means can help definitive identification of sarcocystis at spies level and warrants electron microscopy
For example this method is used to play a trick on grape phylloxera a notorious pest of commercial grapevines that attacks the roots of the plants.
Giving the mother a single injection of Vitamin b12 during pregnancy was enough to prevent stunted growth and the onset of osteoporosis in the offspring.
Helping farmers around the globe apply more-precise amounts of nitrogen-based fertilizer can help combat climate change.
and other threats researchers worldwide are mobilizing to apply genomic tools and approaches to understand how citrus varieties arose
The drones also may be deployed in the battle against Palmer amaranth an invasive weed that is spreading across the Midwest
#Environmental one-two punch imperils Amazonian forestsone of the world's longest-running ecological studies has revealed that Amazonian forests are being altered by multiple environmental threats--creating even greater perils for the world's largest rainforest.
and scale of humans than other animals and they respond to health threats similarly. This means that research in pigs is more likely to have results similar to those in humans for many different tests and treatments.
and pantries across the country are bracing for the seasonal assault from teenagers who are now done with school
--and many corn and soybean growers don't yet appreciate the threat University of Illinois researchers report.
Some growers who failed to recognize the threat lost their farms as a result he said.
Future growth of U s. forests expected to declineas forests age their ability to grow decreases a new study by Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) scientists
The above story is provided based on materials by Marine Biological Laboratory. The original article was written by Diana Kenney.
Although medicine and vaccines can prevent some diseases they don't prevent them all in those cases stopping the bite in the first place is the best line of defense.
Potato late blight continues to be a major threat to global food security and at least $6 billion a year is spent to combat it mostly due to the cost of fungicides and substantial yield losses.
Natural microbe inhibits rice blast fungusa fungus that kills an estimated 30 percent of the world's rice crop may finally have met its match thanks to a research discovery made by scientists at the University of Delaware
and soil sciences in UD's College of Agriculture and Natural resources has identified a naturally occurring microbe living right in the soil around rice plants--Pseudomonas chlororaphis EA105--that inhibits the devastating fungus known as rice blast.
In addition to rice a distinct population of the rice blast fungus also now threatens wheat production worldwide.
Rice blast is a relentless killer a force to be reckoned with especially as rice is a staple in the daily diet of more than half the world's population--that's over 3 billion people Bais notes.
According to Bais the rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe oryzae) attacks rice plants through spores resembling pressure plugs that penetrate the plant tissue.
and colleagues Spence Donofrio and Vidhyavathi Raman showed that Pseudomonas chlororaphis EA105 strongly inhibited the formation of the appressorium and that priming rice plants with EA105 prior to infection by rice blast decreased lesion
These bacteria were tested then in the laboratory with Pseudomonas chlororaphis EA105 demonstrating the strongest impact on rice blast.
#Reducing emissions will be primary way to fight climate change, study findsforget about positioning giant mirrors in space to reduce the amount of sunlight being trapped in Earth's atmosphere
and forces it to release methyl salicylate to mimic an attack by plant lice. Jumping plant lice that fly towards the source of the odor are duped:
This is a trick that forces the lice to quickly seek out another tree again this time with the bacterium hitching a ride on their body.
Although gene flow was recognized by a few scientists as a significant evolutionary force as early as the 1940s its relative role in maintaining a species'genetic integrity
and provides evidence for its importance as an evolutionary force. Selection mutation gene flow and genetic drift are the four mechanisms that lead to biological evolution or a change in allele frequencies in a population over time.
Just how important are each of these forces relative to each other? Interestingly Ellstrand points out that evolutionary biologists'view on the importance of gene flow has waxed
and thus a significant evolutionary force a few decades later when quantitative data on gene flow in plant populations began being collected this view changed as evidence seemed to indicate that gene flow was not all that significant.
but somewhat incongruously interspecific hybridization or the movement of genes among species was seen to be a much larger force in evolution than intraspecific allele movement.
Indeed even just a low level of gene flow between populations can counter opposing forces of mutation genetic drift and selection.
Just like selection gene flow is one of the evolutionary forces--and a potentially important one notes Ellstrand.
With the joined forces with CAAS IRRI And gates Foundation we have made a step forward in big data-based crop research
But this directed the attack toward the tips of less-important wings and not the more vulnerable head or body of the insect.
By exploiting new molecular and genetic insights the research done in collaboration with Pierre de Wit from Wageningen Agricultural University in The netherlands provides a better understanding of the defense system of crop plants against the damaging pathogens that grow in the spaces between plant cells.
Our research enhances the traditional understanding of the plant defense system and describes a new concept describing how plants protect themselves against the pathogens that grow in the space outside plant cells (the apoplast)--a new concept called effector-triggered defense or ETD.
Plant defense systems consist of interconnected tiers of receptors which are found both outside and inside the plant cells Both sets of receptors sense the invasive pathogen
Pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) is the first line of defense operating soon after the pathogen has landed on the plant surface.
The second line of defense is referred to as effector-triggered immunity (ETI) this is based on the detection of disease pathogens by the plant's genes--there is a relationship between the gene in the host plant and the gene in the pathogen.
This concept of plant ETI does not really explain the second line of defense in the interaction of plant hosts protecting themselves against extracellular fungal pathogens
This is essential in the battle for global food security to protect the world's future food sources.
#Vines choke a forests ability to capture carbontropical forests are a sometimes-underappreciated asset in the battle against climate change.
Scientists have assumed that the battle for carbon is a zero-sum game in which the loss of carbon from one plant is balanced by the gain of carbon by another.
A high-quality alternative to deceased-donor skin that could be produced from a specially maintained pathogen-free herd of Galt-knockout miniature swine would be an important resource for burn management in both civilian and military settings.
The researchers Johnson's army of undergraduates image children's trays when they leave the line
The reaction zips the atoms into a matrix characteristic of diamond until pressure forces the process to halt.
Its apparent dependence on cloud forest habitat means deforestation is a threat. Kaweesak's Dragon tree:
Although its host is known not yet like other fairyflies it presumably has a life span of not more than a few days and attacks the eggs of other insects.
if you can induce these kinds of flows on the boundaries of a floating object you can generate forces.
Peacock's first study of the concept about four years ago focused on slow flows caused by diffusion--work that demonstrated that induced boundary flows can generate small propulsive forces.
and the resulting forces are perhaps too small to be exploited. I always thought and expected that the equivalent flows you could generate by selective heating
The changed density of the fluid generates a flow over the surface Peacock says adding That flow then creates unbalanced forces with lower pressure on one side
Antibodies are protein molecules that are an important part of the body's immune defense system but can cause rejection of a transplanted organ.
From piecing together thousands of years of climate data preserved in ice cores around the world Thompson has learned that periods of extended drought correspond with major world crises--famine disease and war.
There must be particularly strong regulating forces at work. However in his view this rather discredits the generally popular termite theory.
Threat to domestic animalsin The alps chamois are frequently in close contact with domestic animals such as cattle and sheep that graze in the pastures.
This too presents a potential threat. It may give flies wasps and other predators greater opportunities to attack undefended eggs and larvae.
As a result it may be necessary to devise new strategies for protecting and managing these vital pollinators.
#Citrus greening affects roots before leavesalthough citrus greening enters trees through their leaves University of Florida researchers have discovered that the deadly disease attacks roots long before the leaves show signs of damage--a finding that may help
Experts say this research is significant in the fight against greening. Based on the work of Dr. Johnson and his colleagues we now know how important roots are in the development of greening disease said Jackie Burns director of the CREC.
While the cattle egret is not currently a threat to native fauna in Brazil throughout most of its geographic distribution it has the potential to produce adverse effects as evidenced by its occupation of island environments.
#Threats seen to 3 billion birds in vast Canadian forestindustrial encroachment in North america's 1. 5 billion-acre boreal forest could endanger billions of birds
and key sectors of the U s. economy and society underscoring the need to combat the threats climate change presents
and well-being in many ways including through impacts from increased extreme weather events wildfire decreased air quality threats to mental health
Some of these health impacts are already underway in the United states. Climate change will absent other changes amplify some of the existing health threats the Nation now faces.
and productivity of many marine species. The rising temperature and changing chemistry of ocean water combine with other stresses such as overfishing and coastal and marine pollution to alter marine-based food production
#Tomato turf wars: Benign bug beats salmonella; tomato eaters winscientists from the U s. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have identified a benign bacterium that shows promise in blocking Salmonella from colonizing raw tomatoes.
That suggests cultural and historical factors--anything from war and famine to lack of communication among separated populations--accounted for the creeping rate of domestication.
A high ratio was correlated directly to tumor aggression and metastatic capability. Patients with this profile had the worst prognosis for survival.
STAT3 is the primary marker that is used today to ascertain malignancy tumor aggression and metastasis in ovarian cancer.
and evolution of the disease opening up the possibility of identifying new therapeutic targets to combat lentiviral infections.
Binding of the chemical to this protein triggers a secondary function that'primes'the plant immune system against future attacks by pests and diseases.
This simulates an attack by a crab spider a predator that lurks on flowers to catch pollinators
According to a 2013 report by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (http://www. cdc. gov/drugresistance/threat-report-2013) at least 2 million people become infected with antibiotic-resistant bacteria
in order to find out the types of races existing across Spain as a first step towards improving the effectiveness of the fight against this fungus.
But the biggest problem for potato growers lies in sexual reproduction since this produces new races of the fungus that attack the plants in a more virulent way
Plant lesions become visible on day five following an attack by the fungus. The symptoms can be seen firstly on the lower leaves where a light-green
#Bacteria combat dangerous gas leaksbacteria could mop up naturally-occurring and human-made leaks of natural gases before they are released into the atmosphere and cause global warming according to new research from the University of East Anglia.
Long-held beliefs that physical forces rather than disrupted food webs are killing the marshes just aren't true Bertness said.
which warn other plants close by of the threat. At the same time they produce a chemical which is unpleasant to the predator.
In northern marine areas the diversity and biomass of fish populations have increased. Water warming has altered also the distribution of large species of fish found in the open sea.
when we should be adapting to future threats. However it is good that governments companies
and soil pollution greenhouse gas emissions simultaneously reducing threats to human health biodiversity and food security.
However the heyday for allotments was during World war Two when 10%of the UK's food came from less than 1%of its cultivated land thanks to the expansion of own growing under the Dig for Victory campaign.
and cutting-edge technologies to find answers to some of the biggest environmental threats Wood says.
The casing represents a physical barrier that protects the DNA against chemical attacks and completely isolates it from the external environment--a situation that mimics that of natural fossils write the researchers in their paper
The study published this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences reveals new targets during the battle between microbe
and oft-studied plant Arabidopsis puts out a molecular signal that invites an attack from a pathogen.
It's as if a hostile army were unknowingly passing by a castle and the sentry stood up
--focusing the attackers on a target they would have passed otherwise simply by. This signaling system triggers a structure in bacteria that actually looks a lot like a syringe
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