Dr. Dickinson a research assistant professor in the Pharmacology Department at the University of Arizona and a UA Cancer Center member began investigating broccoli's chemopreventive properties
So how would topical broccoli-based ointments differ from the products currently available in stores? Dr. Dickinson's research shows that sulforaphane is a highly adaptable highly effective agent
and pharmaceutical agents being explored for use in topical prevention of UV-induced skin cancers through the Chemoprevention of Skin cancer Program Project Grant headed by Dr. Bowden and UACC Director David Alberts MD.
Rice chemist Lon Wilson and his colleagues are inserting bismuth compounds into single-walled carbon nanotubes to make a more effective contrast agent for computed tomography (CT) scanners.
and spread of emerging diseases creating agricultural and pharmaceutical products studying climate change controlling invasive species
and pharmacological interventions to modify specific components of diet that may delay the onset of HD the study concludes.
#Parasitic worm genome uncovers potential drug targetsresearchers have identified five enzymes that are essential to the survival of a parasitic worm that infects livestock worldwide
Two of these proteins are already being studied as potential drug targets against other pathogens. The team sequenced the genome of Haemonchus contortus
and will also reveal further potential drug and vaccine targets.##oeour reference genome allows researchers to understand how H. contortus
and other worms of this type acquire resistance to a wide range of anthelmintics#the drugs used to treat worm infections#says Dr James Cotton senior author from the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.#
#oeseeing a common theme of drug resistance in this well-characterised worm is extremely important because both people and animals are reliant on so few treatments against parasitic worms.#
#The team sequenced the genome of a strain of H contortus that was susceptible to all major classes of drugs against parasitic worms.
By comparing this sequence with that of worms that have acquired drug resistance the researchers expect to reveal a wealth of information about how
Getting to grips with genomes such as that of H. contortus is our best option to tackle the issue of drug resistance
and develop new drugs against parasitic worms to address this issue.##To generate a rich source of potential vaccine
and drug target candidates the team identified a set of genes that are more active in certain stages of the parasite life cycle and within the parasite s gut.
Two of these enzymes are already being studies as potential drug targets; one against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and another against another type of worm.
The researchers also described the full gene repertoires for known drug target families. This gives a comprehensive understanding of how several important treatments work against worms
#oerevealing new drug targets against H. contortus could provide much-needed new treatment opportunities against parasitic worms in both animals and humans.
and anti-inflammatory properties but this is the first major study into its effects on joint health.
The study involved researchers from UEA's schools of Biological sciences Pharmacy and Norwich Medical school along with the University of Oxford and Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital.
Schwartz and co-author Mridul Datta Ph d. a postdoctoral fellow at Wake Forest Baptist reviewed data from clinical trials that evaluated the effect of antiresorptive drugs on BMD
Much of modern agriculture relies on biologically available nitrogenous compounds made by an industrial process developed by German chemist Fritz Haber in 1909.
The authors conclude Such fruits can provide a source of new bioactive compounds with functional properties beneficial to health which should stimulate the pharmaceutical
in the absence of additional medication. Their study appears in the August 22 issue of The New england Journal of Medicine.
and efficacy of administered annual antifilarial drugs over five years to residents of five villages in Papua new guinea.
The team demonstrated that the mass drug strategy nearly eliminated the parasite from humans but did not stop its transmission by mosquitoes.
The success of a strategy utilizing medication requires at least 80 percent of the population to receive treatment annually for at least five years.
Ten years after villagers took their last medication round they received free bed nets as part of Papua new guinea's national malaria control effort.
We should not rely solely on mass drug administration to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. By combining the existing strategy with vector control we are more likely to reach elimination thresholds said Lisa J. Reimer Phd first author on the paper and a lecturer at the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine.
The group also will test new drug combinations for mass treatment in nearby populations and evaluate the effects of broader bed net distribution in the country.
when we pre-treated cancer cells with apigenin for 24 hours then applied the chemotherapeutic drug gemcitabine for 36 hours said Elvira de Mejia a U of I professor of food chemistry and food toxicology.
and the chemotherapeutic drug simultaneously said Jodee Johnson a doctoral student in de Mejia's lab who has graduated
Even though the topic is still controversial our study indicated that taking antioxidant supplements on the same day as chemotherapeutic drugs may negate the effect of those drugs she said.
One of the ways that chemotherapeutic drugs kill cells is based on their pro-oxidant activity meaning that flavonoids
and chemotherapeutic drugs may compete with each other when they're introduced at the same time she explained. Pancreatic cancer is a very aggressive cancer
But scientists could design drugs that would achieve those concentrations de Mejia said. And prevention of this frightening disease is another story.
Her work also has highlighted how the tobacco industry has sponsored research to promote the self-medication hypothesis--that patients with psychiatric disorders need to smoke to function
Smoking also can interfere with treatment affecting the metabolism of some psychiatric medications Prochaska said.
For instance it increases the body's elimination of olanzepine a drug used for psychosis or psychotic depression by more than 90 percent and of Haldol a common schizophrenia drug by 44 percent.
because the tobacco smoke is reducing the sedating side effects of their psychiatric medications she said.
and Drug Administration and this is concerning because it's impossible to know what you're really getting
Cinciripini has more than 30 years'experience conducting basic and clinical research in smoking cessation and nicotine psychopharmacology.
By measuring the vibrations between atoms using femtosecond-long laser pulses the Rice lab of chemist Junrong Zheng is able to discern the positions of atoms within molecules without the restrictions imposed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging.
Typically when organic chemists synthesize a molecule they know its makeup but have no idea
The research could aid in the development of new drugs that use a similar mechanism as melittin's to attack cancer and bacteria.
This strategy of opening holes in the cell membrane is employed by a great number of host-defense antimicrobial peptides many
and other diseases in part because organisms cannot change the makeup of their membrane so it would be very difficult for them to develop resistance to such drugs.
but is particularly strong for both pharmaceutical science where 73 percent of drugs that pass preclinical trials fail due to safety concerns
and sensitive test to screen the potential toxic substances that are being released into the environment or in our drugs or our food supply.
The researchers who conducted the genetic analysis of strains of Staphylococcus aureus known as CC97 say these strains developed resistance to methicillin after they crossed over into humans around forty years ago.
Today methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strain CC97 is an emerging human pathogen in Europe North and South america Africa and Asia.
Perhaps the most problematic new capability the human strains acquired is the ability to resist methicillin an important antibiotic for fighting staphylococcal infections.
Only human strains of CC97 were able to resist the drug which indicates that the bacteria acquired resistance after they crossed over into humans presumably through exposure to antibiotics prescribed for treating human infections.
This sequence of events contrasts with the case of A s. aureus strain from pigs Fitzgerald points out since a study in 2012 revealed that MRSA ST398 strains evolved the ability to resist methicillin before they crossed over into humans.
Any number of factors could create these differences making pigs--but not cattle--a source of a drug-resistant bacterium.
At this point though there isn't enough information to say whether differences in the S. aureus strains differences between pigs and cattle or differences between swine and dairy farming practices might be responsible.
The research team developing the drug--led by scientists at the Nanomedicine Research center part of the Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute in the Department of Neurosurgery at Cedars-Sinai Medical center--conducted the study in laboratory mice with implanted human
Mice receiving the drug lived significantly longer than untreated counterparts and those receiving only certain components of the drug according to a recent article in the Journal of Controlled Release.
Unlike other drugs that target cancer cells from the outside often injuring normal cells as a side effect this therapy consists of multiple drugs chemically bonded to a nanoplatform that functions as a transport vehicle.
One commonly used drug Herceptin (trastuzumab) often is effective for a while but many tumors become resistant within the first year of treatment
and the drug can injure normal organs it contacts. But Herceptin is an antibody to the HER2 gene--it naturally seeks out this protein--so the research team used key parts of Herceptin to guide the nanodrug into HER2-positive cancer cells.
and Cedars-Sinai chemists Eggehard Holler Phd professor in the Department of Neurosurgery and Hui Ding Phd assistant professor performed the technically difficult task of attaching it to the nanoplatform.
They are the latest evolution of molecular drugs designed to slow or stop cancers by blocking them in multiple ways.
We believe this is the first time a drug has been designed for nano-immunology anticancer treatment Ljubimova said.
With inventive drug engineering the anti-tumor components activate inside tumor cells. More study is needed to confirm our findings improve the effectiveness of this approach
whereby over half are at-risk consumers using the drug at least twice a week. Researchers from the University of Zurich's Institute of Social and Preventive medicine investigated
or other drugs and are aware and understand the risks of their consumption by conducting a survey of 12000 men under a national cohort study as they were recruited for national service.
Cornell hospital clinicians worked to prepare for intravenous medication delivery. In the first such procedure ever done to treat a sick pig surgeon Jim Flanders who had performed similar procedures in smaller animals joined large-animal surgeon Susan Fubini to surgically implant a vascular access port.
They ran a catheter up a vein in Nemo's neck to a port behind his ear creating a route for delivering drugs where they would be most effective
and delivered the chemotherapeutic drugs. Although lymphoma has been documented in swine there aren't any documented cases of pigs being treated for it said Cornell hospital oncologist Cheryl Balkman.
Current drugs are insufficiently effective and resistance is rising but little effort has been made to develop better drugs
That says Aroian is substantially better than current drugs. The scientific significance of the research he says is that bacteria similar to those that are food grade
Halas Rice's Stanley C. Moore Professor in Electrical and Computer Engineering professor of physics professor of chemistry and professor of biomedical engineering is one of the world's most-cited chemists.
As seen under a microscope the layers brought onions to mind said Rice chemist James Tour until a colleague suggested flat graphene could never be like an onion.
and the remarkable rings that chemists marveled were even possible are described in a new paper in the Journal of the American Chemical Society.
The nanotube carpets used in the photodetectors are grown in the lab of Rice chemist Robert Hauge who pioneered a process for growing densely packed nanotubes on flat surfaces.
Dr. Roger Clemens (CQ) chief scientific officer of Horn Company of La Mirada Calif. and an adjunct professor of pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences within the USC School of Pharmacy
explained in his abstract that scientists today continue to estimate the measurements of energy derived from foods based on calculations created over 125 years ago by Wilbur O. Atwater (CQ) a USDA agricultural chemist who published his findings from more than 200 dietary
and antibiotic treatment remains the standard approach for managing these infections. The current rise of bacterial resistance to antibiotics underscores the importance of developing another approach.
Another recent study led by Tufenkji in collaboration with Mcgill professor Showan Nazhat a biomaterials expert at the Department of Mining
if using an anti-inflammatory drug (sodium salicylate or SS) for the first seven days of lactation would prevent liver fat accumulation improve the supply of glucose for lactation and limit metabolic disease in dairy cows entering lactation.
Similarly anti-inflammatory treatment led to a dramatic drop in plasma glucose concentration in mature cows. Both of these responses are associated often with metabolic disease in early lactation cows.
Cutter suggested that concerns about antibiotic resistance and animal-welfare issues in large animal-agriculture operations that supply food to supermarket chains may explain why consumers are switching to locally grown and locally processed foods.
Cutter and Scheinberg speculate that interventions such as antimicrobial rinses can lower pathogen levels on poultry carcasses.
However they found that many of the farmers/vendors may not be incorporating antimicrobial interventions during processing.
and federal regulations and emphasize the need for antimicrobial interventions to prevent a higher prevalence of pathogens.
#Do antibiotics in animal feed pose a serious risk to human health? As fears rise over antibiotic resistance two experts on The british Medical Journal website today debate
whether adding antibiotics to animal feed poses a serious risk to human health. David Wallinga from Keep Antibiotcs Working:
the Campaign To end Antibiotic Overuse in Animal Agriculture believes that physicians and policymakers have overlooked the critical role played by the ongoing overuse of antibiotics in livestock and poultry.
He understands the interest in creating a pipeline of new antibiotics but says overall reductions in antibiotic use should come first.
He points to data showing that in 2009-11 72%of all US sales of antimicrobials comprised those routinely added to water or animal feed.
These he says are feed additives in given routinely without a prescription at lower than therapeutic concentrations for purposes such as growth promotion
and to control disease in otherwise healthy animals being raised in crowded or unhygienic conditions that promote disease.
Wallinga argues that contrary to claims by some in the livestock and drug industries routine antibiotics are not necessary for animal health.
He points to Denmark the world's leading pork exporter which reduced antimicrobial use in livestock production by 60%while increasing pork production by half since 1994.
Based on a growing body of evidence almost every European and North american public health authority agrees that routine antibiotic use in animal food production likely worsens the epidemic of resistance he writes.
Less certain is the political will to act upon that information he concludes. But Veterinarian David Burch argues that medicated animal feed poses no additional risk of resistance development than giving a human patient an oral antimicrobial.
He explains that some countries such as The netherlands have banned routine use of antibiotics in animal feed mainly over concerns about an increase in MRSA.
But Burch argues that use of antibiotics in feed was associated not with an increase in MRSA because no products
which directly select for MRSA are registered for use in feed in the European union. It is mainly older antibiotics that are licensed for use in feed in the UK he explains.
He believes that how bacteria which might carry resistant genes are transmitted to humans must be considered
but says given the thorough risk assessments concerning antimicrobial resistance by the regulatory authorities it is considered highly unlikely that the use of adding antibiotics to feed poses a serious risk to humans especially in comparison with the extensive use of antibiotics directly in human patients.
Through the use of animal models scientists and doctors are able to perfect techniques drugs and materials without risking human lives.
and Drug Administration Hollister and Green used computer-guided lasers to print stack and fuse thin layers of plastic to make up Kaiba's splint.
The team led by Rice chemist James Tour has built a 1-kilobit rewritable silicon oxide device with diodes that eliminate data-corrupting crosstalk.
The new work from the Rice lab of chemist James Tour appears online today in the journal Advanced Materials.
I/II clinical trial with a drug used to control blood sugar in type 2 diabetes to determine
While a drug is not an ideal way to solve the problem of sub-optimal glucose metabolism impairing breastfeeding according to Dr. Nommsen-Rivers it is excellent for establishing proof-of-concept through the use of a placebo controlled randomized clinical trial.
and exercise are more powerful than any drug. After this clinical trial we hope to study those interventions.
I/II clinical trial with a drug used to control blood sugar in type 2 diabetes to determine
While a drug is not an ideal way to solve the problem of sub-optimal glucose metabolism impairing breastfeeding according to Dr. Nommsen-Rivers it is excellent for establishing proof-of-concept through the use of a placebo controlled randomized clinical trial.
and exercise are more powerful than any drug. After this clinical trial we hope to study those interventions.
#Workers at industrial farms carry drug-resistant bacteria associated with livestocka new study found drug-resistant bacteria associated with livestock in the noses of industrial livestock workers in North carolina but not in the noses of antibiotic-free livestock workers.
The drug-resistant bacteria examined were Staphylococcus aureus commonly known as Staph which include the well-known bug MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus).
New Staph strains are emerging in people who have close contact with livestock animals and for this reason have been given the name livestock-associated Staph.
or indirect contact with livestock only industrial workers carried antibiotic-resistant Staph with multiple genetic characteristics linked to livestock.
and raises concern about antibiotics use in livestock production. Many industrial livestock operations raise animals in large conferment buildings
and use antibiotics including non-therapeutically in animals'feed and water to promote their growth.
Previous studies have detected strains of drug-resistant S. aureus from livestock first among farm workers and subsequently in hospital and community settings in Europe.
Like most illnesses caused by bacteria S. aureus infections are treated with antibiotics. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention some Staph cannot be killed by antibiotics meaning they are resistant.
MRSA is a strain of Staph bacteria that is resistant to methicillin and certain first-line antibiotics called beta-lactams.
Infections with drug-resistant strains like MRSA can be particularly difficult to treat. The study was based on interviews
and nose swabs that were collected and analyzed from individuals who worked at two different types of livestock operations in North carolina.
At industrial livestock operations animals are grown in large confinement buildings using antibiotics. At antibiotic-free livestock operations animals are grown without the use of antibiotics typically outdoors on pasture.
Researchers tested the S. aureus isolated from nose swabs for resistance to a range of antibiotics
and for genetic markers considered to indicate that the bacteria may have come from livestock. This study shows that these livestock-associated strains are present among workers at industrial livestock operations
and that these strains are resistant not just to methicillin but to multiple antibiotics--including antibiotics that are used to treat human infections said Christopher Heaney Phd corresponding author of the study and assistant professor of Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School
of Public health. Workers were not experiencing Staph infections at the time of the study but when antibiotic resistant bacteria do cause infections they can be harder to treat.
Researchers found that S. aureus that were multidrug-resistant were roughly twice as prevalent among individuals exposed to the industrial compared to the antibiotic-free livestock operation environment
and S. aureus that were resistant to tetracycline--an antibiotic that has been used in industrial livestock production
since the 1950's--were 19 times as prevalent among industrial compared to antibiotic-free livestock operation workers.
Livestock-associated methicillin and multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus is present among industrial not antibiotic-free livestock operation workers in North carolina was written by Jessica L. Rinsky Maya Nadimpalli Steve Wing
Devon Hall Dothula Baron Lance B. Price Jesper Larsen Marc Stegger Jill Stewart and Christopher D. Heaney.
#Survey shows increase in resistance to drug therapies among bovine respiratory disease casesa survey of records of bovine respiratory disease cases at the Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory showed that drug resistance in one of the primary
We have been seeing an increase in the number of antibiotic resistant bacteria that cause pneumonia (also called BRD) in cattle said Brian Lubbers assistant professor in the diagnostic lab based at Kansas State university.
but almost all of the antibiotics that we use to treat pneumonia in cattle. BRD is one of the most important diseases of feedlot cattle particularly said Lubbers adding that the economic toll from the disease has been estimated to approach $1 billion annually in the United states alone
Until now one of the aspects that has not been studied very well is linked the cost to antimicrobial resistance in BRD cases he said.
They found that over that period a high percentage of M. haemolytica bacteria recovered from cattle lungs were resistant to several of the drugs typically used to treat that pathogen.
however that no specimens were resistant to all six antimicrobial drugs. The study was funded internally by the diagnostic lab. Using resistance to three
or more antimicrobials as the definition of multi-drug resistance 63 percent of the bacteria would be classified as multidrug resistant in 2011 compared with 46 percent in 2010 and 42 percent in 2009.
Antimicrobial resistance in veterinary medicine has received a considerable amount of recognition as a potential factor leading to antimicrobial resistance in human medicine Lubbers said.
Because there are a limited number of antimicrobial drugs that can be used for treatment of BRD pathogens Lubbers said multidrug resistance in those pathogens poses a severe threat to the livestock industry.
To determine whether the microbes were in fact giving the rotation-resistant beetles an advantage the researchers dosed the beetles with antibiotics.
Low-level exposure to antibiotics had no effect on any of the beetles but at higher doses the rotation-resistant beetles'survival time on soybean leaves fell to that of the nonresistant beetles.
Antibiotics also lowered the activity of digestive enzymes in the rotation-resistant beetles'guts to that of their nonresistant counterparts.
and phosphorus runoff and research shows these systems can also retain pesticides antibiotics and other agricultural pollutants.
and Drug Administration (FDA) since 2009 many of the more restrictive policies are in effect nationally so Grucza's team believes future smoking rates among adults may decline at least partly as a result of those policies.
and tin oxide showed an initial capacity better than the theoretical capacity of tin oxide alone according to Rice chemist James Tour.
We've also started exchanging ideas and information with scientists facing related challenges such as herbicide resistance in weeds and resistance to drugs in bacteria HIV and cancer.
Alcoholic beverages in which resinous and herbal compounds are more easily put into solution were the principle medications of antiquity.
For this project Chakhalian acquired complex oxides from the University of Texas in Austin in close collaboration with chemists John Goodenough and J. G. Cheng.
and Drug Administration (FDA) and regulatory bodies in other countries should be aware that they are dealing with companies with a long history of intentionally misleading the public.
or drug interventions to improve brain function the researchers said. Many of us have a container of yogurt in our refrigerator that we may eat for enjoyment for calcium
whether repeated courses of antibiotics can affect the brain as some have speculated. Antibiotics are used extensively in neonatal intensive care units
and in childhood respiratory tract infections and such suppression of the normal microbiota may have longterm consequences on brain development.
Valet recommends that people with pollen allergies first try over-the-counter allergy medications before talking with their doctor about prescription medications and nose sprays.
For people with known pollen allergies everyday solutions can include taking an antihistamine before doing yard work
and treated accordingly with options including counseling about allergen avoidance medications and allergy shots. Story Source:
and Celtic Knots opens up new possibilities in areas including medical devices drug delivery elastics and adhesives.
We are currently investigating the use of these new materials for biomedical applications such as drug/gene delivery cross linkable hydrogel materials and skin adhesives.
#Scientists uncover how grapefruits provide a secret weapon in medical drug deliverylipids (right panel first three tubes) derived from grapefruit.
and anticancer drugs (GNVS-Drugs) as demonstrated in this study. Grapefruits have long been known for their health benefits
and the subtropical fruit may revolutionize how medical therapies like anticancer drugs are delivered to specific tumor cells.
The researchers demonstrated that GNVS can transport various therapeutic agents including anticancer drugs DNA/RNA and proteins such as antibodies.
Treatment of animals with GNVS seemed to cause less adverse effects than treatment with drugs encapsulated in synthetic lipids.
So far researchers have observed no toxicity in the patients who orally took the anti-inflammatory agent curcumin encapsulated in grapefruit nanoparticles.
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