The study published this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences reveals new targets during the battle between microbe
and oft-studied plant Arabidopsis puts out a molecular signal that invites an attack from a pathogen.
--focusing the attackers on a target they would have passed otherwise simply by. This signaling system triggers a structure in bacteria that actually looks a lot like a syringe
The area of forest degradation is increasing posing serious threats to certain species which may not be able to recover and
We're hoping this study will open up a larger field of surveillance to start looking at new types of resistance before they show up in the clinic says Handelsman.
The new results show that the fraction of late-summer groundwater flows from affected watersheds is about 30 percent higher after beetles have infested an area compared with watersheds with less severe beetle attacks.
or delay the onset of heart disease hypertension osteoporosis and Type 2 Diabetes while six in 10 associate it with benefits linked to age-related memory loss cancer and Alzheimer's disease (MSI 2012a).
Until the next asteroid slams into Earth the future of all known life hinges on people more than on any other force Daily said.
This new study also provides baseline data for future analyses of possible threats to African honeybee populations.
These threats might be offset if a program of economic incentives can be devised for farmers to maintain flooding of crops such as alfalfa
but they also contain a hidden threat. Many of the country's pasture soils have become enriched in cadmium.
This included hybridization between wolves and the shepherd dogs used to guard sheep from wolf attacks.
The study was undertaken as part of Dr. Kopaliani's work exploring human-wolf conflict in Georgia
and there were several reports of attacks on humans. Wolves were sighted even in densely populated areas she explained.
If the surface is damaged hot foam is sprayed in the face of the attacker. This technology could be used to prevent vandalism
Attacks on ATMS on the risethe newly developed film may be suited particularly well to protecting ATMS
The Edinburgh-based European ATM Security Team reports that the number of attacks on ATMS has increased in recent years.
During the first half of 2013 more than 1000 attacks on ATMS took place in Europe resulting in losses of EUR 10 million.
#World ranking tracks evolutionary distinctness of birdsa team of international scientists including a trio from Simon Fraser University has published the world's first ranking of evolutionary distinct birds under threat
These findings show that pollutants that accumulate in the Polar regions are an important threat to biodiversity.
The condition affects more than 50 million Americans annually including 30 million people over age 60 and often forces people into nursing homes or rehabilitation facilities.
This is partly because the many years of violent conflict in Liberia from 1989 to 1997 and from 2002 to 2003 thwarted efforts of biologists to conduct biological surveys.
and delineating conservation priority areas making assessments of anthropogenic threats and proposing mitigation measures to policy-makers.
This survey showed that in areas where primary rainforest was still abundant hunting was the anthropogenic threat most frequently encountered followed by logging mining and non-timber forest product extraction.
Tobacco-related noncommunicable diseases pose a serious threat to the health and life of the Chinese people also creating a heavy burden on socioeconomic development said Dr Liang Xiaofeng Deputy Director of the Chinese Center for disease control and Prevention.
China ratified THE WHO FCTC in 2005 and the treaty came into legal force in China in 2006.
and were known to participate in combat. However if this high Iron age female bone strength in the femur was due to high mobility it would also probably be visible in the tibia as well
WCS projects working with local people and government agencies have shown that human-elephant conflict can be reduced dramatically without using fences in countries as different as Indonesia and Tanzania.
and tea can help fight weight gain and type-2 diabetes. But not all flavanols which are a type of antioxidant are created equal.
but a lack of knowledge about the soil used for planting could pose a health threat for both consumers and gardeners.
â#oethese findings are a win in the ongoing battle against tobacco use and they also point to a broader benefit of mobile applications in getting more clinicians to follow evidence-based practice guidelinesâ#Cato says.
The overarching goal of our research is to create an innovative yet sustainable and accessible low cost solution to combat the global threat of West Nile virus said Chen a researcher at Arizona State university's Biodesign Institute and professor in the Department
Secondly we've wanted to improve the delivery of the therapeutic into the brain to combat West Nile virus at the place where it does the greatest harm.
Chen wanted to use this strategy to produce a more effective way to combat West Nile virus. In the new study they improved upon their phu-E16 design making half a dozen new variants that could for the first time lead to the development of MABS that effectively target the brain
This delay in the signs of Autumn was pronounced generally more than any evidence for an earlier onset of Spring
Case study on Austrian curd cheeseif food products are produced not in a hygienic environment consumers can face the threat of dangerous pathogens.
Listeria is a rod-shaped bacterium highly prevalent in the environment and generally not a threat to human health.
#Future heat waves pose threat to global food supplyheat waves could significantly reduce crop yields and threaten global food supply
The resulting buildup of dry loose detritus is a wildfire hazard that poses the threat of spreading radioactivity from the Chernobyl area.
We were stepping over all these dead trees on the ground that had been killed by the initial blast Mousseau said.
#Diversity in UK gardens aiding fight to save threatened bumblebees, study suggestsecologists at Plymouth University in a study published this week have shown the most common species of bumblebee are not fussy about a plant's origin when searching for nectar and pollen among the nation's urban gardens.
and Barley Scab Initiative scientists admit that efforts to control this devastating disease have met with limited success. This is an extraordinary disease that requires extraordinary means to combat it says Yen who began working on head blight in 1997.
This makes the disease tougher to combat. Researchers are working to develop resistant types of grain alter tillage practices
so that was a conflict that seemed to emerge there. Murphy says that in both Grand County
Murphy is now exploring climate vulnerability in Ohio's Appalachia near the Wayne National Forest in southeast Ohio where he says future flooding could pose a threat.
This work supports the need for better surveillance in animal species for avian influenza says Suarez.
The silent carriage also creates a conflict between poultry producers who want to preserve their flocks
running away and becoming very vigilant perhaps searching for the potentially lethal threat of human hunters.
'We concede the possibility that these alarm calls are simply a by-product of elephants running away that is just an emotional response to the threat that other elephants pick up on'Lucy tells me.'
and that elephants voluntarily and purposefully make those alarm calls to warn others about specific threats.
Our research results here show that African elephant alarm calls can differentiate between two types of threat
and reflect the level of urgency of that threat.''Elephant'human'alarm call rumblesignificantly the reaction to the human alarm call included none of the head-shaking behaviour displayed by elephants hearing the bee alarm.
''Elephants use similar vowellike changes in their rumbles to differentiate the type of threat they experience
and humans is being used to reduce human-elephant conflict in Kenya. Armed with the knowledge that elephants are afraid of bees Lucy
and livelihoods without direct conflict with elephants and they can harvest the honey too for extra income'says Lucy.'
'Learning more about how elephants react to threats such as bees and humans will help us design strategies to reduce human-elephant conflict
#Honey offers new approach to fighting antibiotic resistancehoney that delectable condiment for breads and fruits could be one sweet solution to the serious ever-growing problem of bacterial resistance to antibiotics
and direct hunting. â#oethe round-the-clock monitoring of maleo and sea turtle nests on this protected beach prevents the exploitation of these species a threat that still frequently occurs at other sitesâ#said Dr. Peter Clyne Deputy
and offers support to the idea that the ability to digest milk was a powerful selective force in a variety of African populations
#Tropical grassy ecosystems under threat, scientists warnscientists at the University of Liverpool have found that tropical grassy areas which play a critical role in the world's ecology are under threat as a result of ineffective management.
'that it is offensive to others; that it may re-normalise smoking; that it may become a gateway drug to others more dangerous;
#Success of new bug-fighting approach may vary from field to fielda new technique to fight crop insect pests may affect different insect populations differently researchers report.
he was diagnosed with early-onset epileptic encephalopathy of unknown etiology. The patient had experienced treatment-resistant seizures since 3 months of age
but only few other instances of early-onset epileptic encephalopathy involved the GRIN2A gene. The GRIN2A gene influences electrochemical events that affect the flow and strength of electrical impulses in the brain.
Our results suggest that children with early-onset epileptic encephalopathy should undergo evaluation for similar gene variants with the possibility of using memantine
and attacks it which leads to the release of chemicals called histamines into the blood.
With food shortages and increased threats of climate change interest in agroforestry is gathering for its potential to address various on-farm adaptation needs.
Even those who are genetically susceptible can at least delay the onset of the disease by favouring vegetable oils oil-based spreads
Therefore this management practice widespread in Central europe comes into conflict with the conservation of ground-nesting birds such as grouse species
and evolution as viewed through the lens of surveillance methods utilized by scientists from around the world said study lead and Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) Associate Director of Wildlife Epidemiology Dr. Sarah Olson.
and adequately financing surveillance to describe global flu diversity. To address this the authors introduced a new method
With this approach health authorities can design surveillance programs to detect a given percentage of flu virus diversity.
and establishing coordinated sustained surveillance for diseases that cross the boundaries of species or countries.
Collecting rotavirus infectivity data for children would improve the accuracy of risk assessments of the threat.
#Banana plant fights off crops invisible nemesis: Roundwormsthe banana variety Yangambi km5 produces toxic substances that kill the nematode Radopholus similis a roundworm that infects the root tissue of banana plants--to the frustration of farmers worldwide.
We have wondered always how the Yangambi km5 fights off roundworms. This study offers an answer.
In that banana variety the nematodes win the fight. The researchers'findings were published in a recent issue of the journal PNAS.
Nematodes pose a growing threat to rice production in Asia for example. Our findings also provide the industry with perspectives to develop a generation of new pesticides against nematodes.
In fight against parasites, Barberry sacrifices seeds depending on survival chanceplants appear to be able to make complex decisions.
Another danger of a more homogeneous global food basket is that it makes agriculture more vulnerable to major threats like drought insect pests and diseases
The dietary changes documented in the study are driven by powerful social and economic forces. Rising incomes in developing countries for example have enabled more consumers to include larger quantities of animal products oils and sugars in their diets.
Now it is being put through its paces by science in the fight against pancreatic cancer with the potential to make inroads against several more.
These bison can then be used to seed conservation herds in other landscapes without the threat of spreading the disease.
Livestock particularly horses have been identified as a significant threat to panda survival. The reason: They're beating the pandas to the bamboo buffet.
A paper by Michigan State university panda habitat experts published in this week's Journal for Nature Conservation explores an oft-hidden yet significant conflict in conservation.
For years timber harvesting has been the panda's biggest threat. Pandas have specific habitat needs--they eat only bamboo
thus trimming the population and its threat to the state's important agricultural crops. The technique has been used effectively against the Mediterranean fruit fly called the Medfly
but according to Fitchett the threat is of concern. Fitchett and Grabâ##s paper titled: A 66-year tropical cyclone record for southeast Africa:
and Maris Piper varieties that can completely thwart attacks from late blight. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Norwich Bioscience Institutes.
Since then there has been a growing rallying cry to save elephants with the U s. China France Chad
Instead they saw proximity to taller neighbors was a tree's biggest threat. When a position in the canopy was lost to a neighbor it was almost exclusively due to competition among the immediate neighbors (the 3-by-3 pixel neighborhood)
The results suggest an urgent need for management recommendations to reduce the threat of emerging diseases to our wild
National societies and agencies both in the UK and globally currently manage so-called honeybee diseases on the basis that they are a threat only to honeybees.
Policies to manage these diseases need to take into account threats to wild pollinators and be designed to reduce the impact of these diseases not just on managed honeybees but on our wild bumblebees too.
and force it to curve but their positions are not always the same from cap to cap.
Getting control of these properties has been a struggle. Ideally scientists could grow the specific kinds of nanotubes they need for an application
Brown rot disease--caused by the agent Monilinia laxa--attacks stone fruit as well as causing blossom wilt
Controlled sets of cherries and plums--with and without the biological control agents added--were placed in conditions known to induce the onset of brown rot disease.
and curb the effects of global warming could pose a severe threat if not maintained indefinitely
The potential temperature changes also pose a severe threat to biodiversity. Furthermore the researchers used a simple climate model to study a variety of plausible greenhouse gas scenarios and SRM termination years over the 21st century.
The research was supported by the Department of energy the National Science Foundation the Robert A. Welch Foundation Teijin Aramid BV the Air force Office of Scientific research and the Department of defense National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship.
#Grape seed promise in fight against bowel canceruniversity of Adelaide research has shown for the first time that grape seed can aid the effectiveness of chemotherapy in killing colon cancer cells as well as reducing the chemotherapy's side effects.
because although typhus can be treated with modern antibiotics it remains a threat in remote impoverished areas of South america Asia
and technologies to further our understanding of the dynamic forces that continue to shape our planet
and a first for Madagascar in advancing the use of carbon credits to fight climate change while protecting biodiversity and human livelihoods.
Solutions to a Global Crisis are discussing ways to protect wildlife and combat trade. Said WCS's Dr. Fiona Maisels one of the researchers releasing the new numbers
We can help fight heart disease and aging and perhaps even boost our romance for the evening by choosing our foods wisely.
All in all it is important to reconcile alternative uses of forests as they are not necessarily in a very strong conflict as our study shows.
After reading either a Manga comic titled Fight for Your Right to Fruit or a non-health-related newsletter children were given the choice between a healthy snack (oranges grapes apples strawberries)
thermoregulation and surveillance of habitat. The most frequent observations of tree-basking were in areas where there were few places to bask on the ground implying that the individuals needed alternatives for regulating their body temperature the authors wrote.
Likewise their wary nature suggests that climbing leads to improved site surveillance of potential threats and prey.
and email campaign to get the word out to national tobacco control partners guide contributors and other key stakeholders in the tobacco fight.
Even though we've been fighting this battle for over 50 years there's still a long way to go.
#Wasps use ancient aggression genes to create social groupsaggression-causing genes appeared early in animal evolution
and across many species even though animal aggression today varies widely from territorial fighting to setting up social hierarchies according to researchers from Iowa State university Penn State and Grand Valley State university.
and in different contexts then perhaps model organisms--such as bees and mice--can provide insights into the biological basis of aggression in all animals including humans the researchers said.
and mice and found a few genes that are associated consistently with aggression. This suggests that even after hundreds of millions of years of evolution some genes may retain their ancestral roles in similar forms of behavior like aggression.
The team investigated the expression of aggression genes in the brains and ovaries of paper wasps--Polistes metricus.
Specifically they looked at wasps belonging to different castes including dominant colony-founding queens subordinate colony-founding queens established queens dominant workers and subordinate workers.
We found that in wasps which are primitively social insects aggression genes control the establishment of an individual's dominance over a group said Christina Grozinger professor of entomology and director of the Center for Pollinator Research Penn State.
In contrast in honey bees which are advanced social insects aggression genes control altruistic defensive behavior--for example
In solitary species like fruit flies and mice the same set of aggression genes controls fighting between males over territory.
So the same genes are involved in aggression across species but are now being used in different ways by different organisms.
and mice--can be used to study aggression in humans because they share some of the same genes that regulate aggression behaviors
even if those behaviors are now quite different. In addition to learning that aggression genes are shared among organisms the team also found that these genes are extremely sensitive to the external environment.
We found that the most important influence on expression of genes in the brains of paper wasps was external factors such as the season
if we ramp up expression of one of the genes involved in aggression Toth said.
harmonized tradeidf and ISO have joined forces to expand the scope of an international standard used worldwide in the dairy industry to measure the protein content of cow's milk.
of trade disputes resulting from differences in analytical test results continues Dr. Evers. Given the increasing global demand for milk and milk products standardization is ever more important to ensure food safety food quality and fairness in international trade.
Cryptosporidiosis is also a threat to people with HIV whose immune system is less able to fight it off he said.
It is important to know as much as we can about virus evolution as emerging infectious plant diseases are a growing threat to global food security
APEC infections are a serious threat to poultry causing both systemic and localized infections collectively known as colibacillosis.
-onset type 2 diabetes by 28%.%Scientists at the University of Cambridge found that in fact higher consumption of low-fat fermented dairy products which include all yoghurt varieties
and drink consumed over a week at the time of study entry among 753 people who developed new-onset type 2 diabetes over 11 years of follow-up with 3502 randomly selected study participants.
or total low-fat dairy was associated not with new-onset diabetes once important factors like healthier lifestyles education obesity levels other eating habits
Although they pose a major threat grasshopper populations play a positive role in cycling nutrients from decomposing plant matter back into the soil.
The issues surrounding honey bee colony declines and honey bee losses requires extensive standardized data collection increased surveillance and surveys of management practices and further research.
Such low attack rates are unlikely to cause population declines of this pest. According to Hoddle such results demonstrate that carefully selected natural enemies used in biological control programs for invasive pests can be very safe
#Market forces influence value of bat-provided services, such as pest controlservices provided by Mother Nature such as pest control from insect-eating bats are affected by market forces like most anything else in the economy a University of Tennessee Knoxville study finds.
The study's results have implications for biodiversity conservation efforts. Researchers from UT and the University of Arizona Tucson studied how forces such as volatile market conditions
and technological substitutes affect the value of pest control services provided by Mexican free-tailed bats on cotton production in the U s. They found the services are impacted by the forces to the tune of millions of dollars.
The study conducted by Gary Mccracken professor in the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and led by UA's Laura LÃ pez-Hoffman is the first to examine how bat ecosystem services change over time.
and endemism with economic opportunity costs and deforestation threats to prioritize optimal corridors. For Dr. Goetz Conserving tropical forests ultimately requires prioritizing the services they provide to people in a local setting.
Identifying lands locally valuable for agriculture or other high-value uses considering biodiversity and the threat of deforestation our analysis provides both maps and a framework for realistic conservation planning.
The data showed that stem decay caused by earlier damage from a native stem borer reduced the species'tolerance to external forces resulting in stem failure in Typhoon Chaba.
#Drug trafficking leads to deforestation in Central Americaadd yet another threat to the list of problems facing the rapidly disappearing rainforests of Central america:
Natural selection shapes mechanical advantage in batsmechanical advantage--the efficiency in transmitting force--can be decisive whether it be automated through an harvester in agriculture a six-foot-six swimmer
or a bat with a short face that gives it the bite force to penetrate hard figs.
valos who joined forces with Dr. Elizabeth Dumont and a mechanical engineer Dr. Ian Grosse (both of the University of Massachusetts at Amherst) in a recently published paper in Evolution that lays out the team's findings relating mechanical advantage
which gives them the high bite forces needed to pierce through the hardest figs. Nectar feeders have very low mechanical advantage--a trade-off for having long narrow snouts that fit into the flowers in
My goal as a scientist is to uncover the evolutionary forces that have shaped biodiversity says Dr. Dá
study showsscientists have known for more than 40 years that the synthetic pesticide DDT is harmful to bird habitats and a threat to the environment.
when DDT breaks down were higher in the blood of late-onset Alzheimer's disease patients compared to those without the disease.
Although the exact cause of Alzheimer's disease--with five million Americans suffering now and millions more expected to fall prey with the graying of the Baby boom Generation--is known not scientists believe that late-onset Alzheimer's may be linked to a combination of genetic environmental and lifestyle factors.
#Developing new methods to assess resistance to disease in young oilseed rape plantsbeing able to measure resistance to disease in young oilseed rape plants is vital in the battle to breed new
He put a solution thick with spores on a tiny flexible silicon plank expecting to measure the humidity-driven force in a customized atomic force microscope.
The committee is likely to approve these tablets which will mark great improvement in the fight against allergy said allergist Michael Foggs MD president of the American College of Allergy Asthma and Immunology (ACAAI.
With the joined forces with BGI we are excited to successfully complete the task of sequencing water buffalo. stated Mr. Tafsir Mohammed Awal Director of Lal Teer This will now lay the foundation of ensuring nutrition and food security in Bangladesh and other developing countries.
which gives them the high bite forces needed to pierce through the hardest figs. Nectar feeders have very low mechanical advantage
as a result of predation or the onset of farm operations before eggs hatched or young birds were ready to fly.
If lots of plants from one species grow in the same place fungi quickly cut their population down to size levelling the playing field to give rarer species a fighting chance.
These included tree-dwelling carnivorous mammals who may have posed a threat to hoatzin nestlings which are raised in open nests.
In contrast those in colonies with fewer viral assaults survived the entire cold winter months.
Thus they call for increased surveillance of potential host-jumping events as an integrated part of insect pollinator management programs.
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