#Diets lacking omega-3s lead to anxiety, hyperactivity in teens: Generational omega-3 deficiencies have worsening effects over timediets lacking omega-3 fatty acids--found in foods like wild fish some eggs
Published in Biological Psychiatry the Pitt team found that in a rodent model second-generation deficiencies of omega-3s caused elevated states of anxiety
We have assumed always that stress at this age is the main environmental insult that contributes to developing these conditions in at-risk individuals
because adolescence is a very vulnerable time for developing psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia and addiction.
The Pitt team administered a set of behavioral tasks to study the learning and memory decision making anxiety and hyperactivity of both adults and adolescents.
Moreover each viral strain attacks a very limited number of insect species. This host specificity means that the Guatemalan potato moth can be targeted
and memory in the classroom affect impulse control and mood regulation lead to anxiety and even depression Avis said.
or sets of all genes of five 19th century strains of the Phytophthora infestans pathogen with modern strains of the pathogen
and 1880s were quite different from modern-day P. infestans genes including some genes in modern plants that make the pathogen more virulent than the historical strains.
The genetic blueprints or genotypes of the historical strains were distinct from modern strains and genes related to infection were also quite different Ristaino says.
In the areas of the genome that today control virulence we found little similarity with historical strains suggesting that the pathogen has evolved in response to human actions like breeding more disease-resistant potatoes.
Ristaino's previous work pointed the finger at the 1a strain of P. infestans as The irish potato-famine pathogen
or strains of parasites into some areas the authors warn. According to co-author of the study Professor William Hughes of the University of Sussex:#
Even though both weedy strains arose in Asia he says weedy rice became a problem in Southeast asia only in the last few decades.
In the U s. weedy rice is combatted increasingly by growing herbicide resistant crop strains Olsen says.
or the diversion of corn to non-food uses such as ethanol suggests that significant stresses in these areas could jeopardize food security.
and several of the up-regulated genes are involved in oxidative stress neural function and foraging behavior.
#Habits, not cravings, drive food choice during times of stressputting a new spin on the concept of stress eating research presented at the 2013 Institute of Food Technologists (IFT) Annual Meeting
& Expo found that people who eat during times of stress typically seek the foods they eat out of habit--regardless of how healthy
The results found that during peak stress like an exam participants were likely to fall back on their habitual snack.
Although this previously unrecognized strain of avian influenza A has now been associated with 132 confirmed human infections and 39 related deaths (as of June 14) the rate at
New Staph strains are emerging in people who have close contact with livestock animals and for this reason have been given the name livestock-associated Staph.
Previous studies have detected strains of drug-resistant S. aureus from livestock first among farm workers and subsequently in hospital and community settings in Europe.
In the United states such strains have been detected among industrial livestock operation workers in Iowa and now North carolina making scientists concerned that these bacteria could follow a similar trajectory into the community.
MRSA is a strain of Staph bacteria that is resistant to methicillin and certain first-line antibiotics called beta-lactams.
Infections with drug-resistant strains like MRSA can be particularly difficult to treat. The study was based on interviews
This study shows that these livestock-associated strains are present among workers at industrial livestock operations
and that these strains are resistant not just to methicillin but to multiple antibiotics--including antibiotics that are used to treat human infections said Christopher Heaney Phd corresponding author of the study and assistant professor of Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School
Should the bees be exposed to additional stresses such as pests disease and bad weather then it is likely to increase the rate of development failure.
Over the past 20 years he said researchers have linked that aggregation process pretty convincingly to the development of diseases--Alzheimer's disease Lou gehrig's disease Huntington's disease to name a few.
Over the past 20 years he said researchers have linked that aggregation process pretty convincingly to the development of diseases--Alzheimer's disease Lou gehrig's disease Huntington's disease to name a few.
However the emergence of strain Ug99 in Uganda in 1999 devastated crops and has spread to Kenya Ethiopia Sudan
To identify the resistance gene Sr35 the team turned to einkorn wheat that is known to be resistant to the Ug99 fungal strain.
These stress impacts then caused both the plants and the herbivores to change their behaviors and change the composition of their local environment.
and over the long term warmer temperatures are going to strain workers who do a lot of physical labor and affect their productivity.
but few provisions are in place to prevent those sales said the study's first author Richard A. Grucza Phd associate professor of psychiatry.
Measuring the stress hormone cortisol in the moose's coat was used as a method for appraising the long-term effect of the deer ked on the health
and Zen masters have known for years that meditation can reduce anxiety but not how. Scientists at Wake Forest Baptist Medical center however have succeeded in identifying the brain functions involved.
Although we've known that meditation can reduce anxiety we hadn't identified the specific brain mechanisms involved in relieving anxiety in healthy individuals said Fadel Zeidan Ph d. postdoctoral research fellow in neurobiology
which were deactivated during meditation-related anxiety relief. The study is published in the current edition of the journal Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience.
For the study 15 healthy volunteers with normal levels of everyday anxiety were recruited for the study.
These individuals had no previous meditation experience or anxiety disorders. All subjects participated in four 20-minute classes to learn a technique known as mindfulness meditation.
In addition anxiety reports were measured before and after brain scanning. The majority of study participants reported decreases in anxiety.
Researchers found that meditation reduced anxiety ratings by as much as 39 percent. This showed that just a few minutes of mindfulness meditation can help reduce normal everyday anxiety Zeidan said.
The study revealed that meditation-related anxiety relief is associated with activation of the anterior cingulate cortex and ventromedial prefrontal cortex areas of the brain involved with executive-level function.
During meditation there was more activity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex the area of the brain that controls worrying.
In addition when activity increased in the anterior cingulate cortex--the area that governs thinking and emotion--anxiety decreased.
Mindfulness is premised on sustaining attention in the present moment and controlling the way we react to daily thoughts
and feelings Zeidan said Interestingly the present findings reveal that the brain regions associated with meditation-related anxiety relief are remarkably consistent with the principles of being mindful.
Research at other institutions has shown that meditation can significantly reduce anxiety in patients with generalized anxiety and depression disorders.
The results of this neuroimaging experiment complement that body of knowledge by showing the brain mechanisms associated with meditation-related anxiety relief in healthy people he said.
Since crop production consumes more freshwater than any other human activity on the planet the study has significant implications for addressing the twin challenges of water stress
and Gerald Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress and the Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center at UCLA appears in the June edition of the peer-reviewed journal Gastroenterology.
which is why stress and other emotions can contribute to gastrointestinal symptoms. This study shows what has been suspected
and neurological disorders said Dr. Emeran Mayer a professor of medicine physiology and psychiatry at the David Geffen School of medicine at UCLA and the study's senior author.
Meanwhile Mayer notes that other researchers are studying the potential benefits of certain probiotics in yogurts on mood symptoms such as anxiety.
or other brain related diseases including potentially Parkinson's disease Alzheimer's disease and autism. Answers will be easier to come by in the near future as the declining cost of profiling a person's microbiota renders such tests more routine Mayer said.
The researchers also infected pigs with the human-derived H7n9 virus. In natural settings pigs can act as a virtual mixing bowl to combine avian-and mammalian-specific influenza strains potentially allowing avian strains to better adapt to humans.
New strains arising from such mixing have the potential to infect humans and spark a pandemic so information about swine susceptibility to H7n9 could help scientists gauge the pandemic potential of the avian virus. Unlike the ferrets infected pigs in this small study did not transmit virus to uninfected pigs
and as diverse species as possible so that ecosystems are resilient to whatever stresses they face in the future.
#Whodunnit of Irish potato famine solvedan international team of scientists reveals that a unique strain of potato blight they call HERB-1 triggered The irish potato famine of the mid-nineteenth century.
We have discovered finally the identity of the exact strain that caused all this havoc says Hernã¡
A strain called US-1 was thought long to have been the cause of the fatal outbreak.
The current study concludes that a strain new to science was responsible. While more closely related to the US-1 strain than to other modern strains it is unique.
Both strains seem to have separated from each other only years before the first major outbreak in Europe says Burbano.
The researchers compared the historic samples with modern strains from Europe Africa and The americas as well as two closely related Phytophthora species. The scientists were able to estimate with confidence
when the various Phytophthora strains diverged from each other during evolutionary time. The HERB-1 strain of Phytophthora infestans likely emerged in the early 1800s
and continued its global conquest throughout the 19th century. Only in the twentieth century after new potato varieties were introduced was replaced HERB-1 by another Phytophthora infestans strain US-1. The scientists found several connections with historic events.
The first contact between Europeans and Americans in Mexico in the sixteenth century coincides with a remarkable increase in the genetic diversity of Phytophthora.
The social upheaval during that time may have led to a spread of the pathogen from its center of origin in Toluca Valley Mexico.
Perhaps this strain became extinct when the first resistant potato varieties were bred at the beginning of the twentieth century speculates Yoshida.
Rather than giving full bottles of formula that make it hard for the baby to return to the breast ELF is a small amount of supplementation with a clear end point that alleviates some of the stress new mothers feel about producing enough milk.
birds could pose risk to humansin the summer of 1968 a new strain of influenza appeared in Hong kong.
This strain known as H3n2 spread around the globe and eventually killed an estimated 1 million people.
A new study from MIT reveals that there are many strains of H3n2 circulating in birds
and pigs that are genetically similar to the 1968 strain and have the potential to generate a pandemic
The researchers led by Ram Sasisekharan the Alfred H. Caspary Professor of Biological Engineering at MIT also found that current flu vaccines might not offer protection against these strains.
From a pandemic-preparedness point of view we should potentially start including some of these H3 strains as part of influenza vaccines.
and public-health agencies'insight into viral strains that should raise red flags if detected. Influenza evolutionin the past 100 years influenza viruses that emerged from pigs
Strains of H3n2 have been circulating in humans since the 1968 pandemic but they have evolved to a less dangerous form that produces a nasty seasonal flu.
However H3n2 strains are also circulating in pigs and birds. Sasisekharan and his colleagues wanted to determine the risk of H3n2 strains reemerging in humans
whose immune systems would no longer recognize the more dangerous forms of H3n2. This type of event has a recent precedent:
In 2009 a strain of H1n1 emerged that was very similar to the virus that caused a 1918 pandemic that killed 50 million to 100 million people.
Genetic similaritiesin the new study the researchers compared the 1968 H3n2 strain and about 1100 H3 strains now circulating in pigs
After comparing HA genetic sequences in five key locations that control the viruses'interactions with infected hosts the researchers calculated an antigenic index for each strain.
The researchers then exposed some of these strains to antibodies provoked by the current H3 seasonal-flu vaccines.
or attack these H3 strains. Of the 581 HA sequences six swine strains already contain the standard HA mutations necessary for human adaptation
Sasisekharan and colleagues are now doing a similar genetic study of H5 influenza strains. The H3 study was funded by the National institutes of health and the National Science Foundation Story Source:
Oxidative stress is correlated strongly with heart failure and deficiency of glutathione is observed regularly in both human and animal models of heart failure.
and the goats'mental health by comparing the behaviour of the mistreated goats with that of the goats that had been treated generally well.
which means they are more resilient to stress. In the same way measures of optimism and pessimism can provide indicators for an understanding of animal welfare explains co-author Dr Elodie Briefer from Queen Mary's School of Biological and Chemical sciences.
Both inflammation and oxidative stress play a role in cardiovascular disease progression and organ dysfunction in Type 2 diabetes.
so painstaking that it becomes an obsession. Members of our team often dream about capturing a bustard.
We found two strains that can grow well alongside pathogens and one that is already present in wastewater samples Bohutskyi said.
but a global team led by researchers from the University of Minnesota warns in a new paper that without increased financial support for disease resistance research new strains of a deadly fungal disease could leave millions without affordable access to food.
The bacteria's stress response to the dry conditions also made it more likely to cause disease.
Wolbachia bacteria strains live naturally inside up to 70%of all insects and are known to protect them against viral infection.
The disease-blocking strain of Wolbachia was discovered first in Australian fruit flies in 1988 by Prof Hoffmann
The approach taken in this new work involves adding a pesticide resistance gene to a newer strain of Wolbachia called wmelpop
That will mean scientific innovations such as new strains of the big three grains--rice wheat
We live in a world of insanity in terms of regulating drugs at present. The whole field is bogged so down by these intransient regulations
or graphene with rather small domains that reduce the stress concentration. Co-authors of the paper are graduate student Zhigong Song and his adviser Zhiping Xu an associate professor of engineering mechanics at Tsinghua.
#Poultry probiotic cuts its coat to beat bad bacteriaa strain of probiotic bacteria that can fight harmful bacterial infections in poultry has the ability to change its coat according to new findings from the Institute of Food Research.
Understanding the role of the slime capsule coat will inform the commercial development of this strain as a preventative treatment for C. perfringens infection in poultry especially in regard to how the probiotic is stored and produced.
Through the technology transfer company Plant Bioscience Ltd the strain has been patented and is now in large-scale farm trials to assess its efficacy.
and are considered safe for human consumption this probiotic strain could become new way of controlling C. perfringens.
The health tests measured longevity fertility stress and starvation resistance. Findings suggest beneficial health effects dependent on specific foods Some negative
This family of genes has been found to be important for abiotic stress response especially in biosynthetic and detoxification pathways.
Weiner who directs the Translational Studies on Early-Life Stress and Vulnerability to Alcohol addiction project at Wake Forest Baptist said the study protocol was developed by the first author of the paper Karina Abrahao a graduate student visiting from the collaborative lab of Sougza-Formigoni Ph d of the Department
The Translational Studies on Early-Life Stress and Vulnerability to Alcohol addiction project is funded an NIH collaborative grant which supports rodent nonhuman primate
#Adults with mental illness or substance use disorder more likely to smokeadults aged 18 or older who experienced any mental illness
or who have had a substance use disorder in the past year are more likely to smoke and to smoke more heavily than others according to a new report by the Substance abuse and Mental health Services Administration (SAMHSA).
According to the report adults experiencing any mental illness or a substance use disorder in the past year represent 24.8 percent of the adult population
but that same group used 39.6 percent of all cigarettes smoked by adults. In terms of rates of cigarette smoking 38.3 percent of adults experiencing mental illness
or substance use disorders were current smokers as opposed to 19.7 percent of those adults without these conditions.
That means that the rate of current cigarette smoking among adults experiencing mental illness or substance use disorders is 94 percent higher than among adults without these disorders.
although people with substance use disorders and no mental disorder constitute only 4. 9 percent of adults over age 18 they smoked 8. 7 percent of all cigarettes.
Similarly although those who had experienced both mental illness and a substance use disorder represented only 3. 8 percent of the population in the past year they smoked 9. 5 percent of all cigarettes.
The report defines any mental illness as any diagnosable mental behavioral or emotional disorder other than a substance use disorder.
It shows that people dealing with mental illness or substance abuse issues smoke more and are less likely to quit.
and prevent smoking for people with mental health conditions said Administrator Hyde. To address the high rates of tobacco use among people with mental
which provides support for mental health and substance abuse treatment facilities and organizations to undertake tobacco cessation efforts.
and stakeholders (including leaders in tobacco control mental health substance abuse public health and consumers) to develop a collaborative action plan.
The report Adults with Mental illness or Substance Use Disorder Account for 40 Percent of All Cigarettes Smoked is based on the findings of SAMHSA's 2009-2011 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH.
http://www. samhsa. gov/data/spotlight/Spot104-cigarettes-mental-illness-substance-use-disorder. pdf.##SAMHSA is a public health agency within the Department of health and human services.
Its mission is to reduce the impact of substance abuse and mental illness on America's communities.
The above story is provided based on materials by Substance abuse and Mental health Administration (SAMHSA. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length h
and Cornell researchers are learning to grow stress-tolerant crops on formerly non-farmable land.
and human flu can combine to create dangerous new flu strains. Swine which are susceptible to both bird
the seasonal H3n2 human flu and the H5n1 strain of bird flu that has crossed occasionally over into humans.
For each type of flu we identified variables that were predictive of the various virus strains Fuller said.
The risk for behavioral disorders and reduced stress resilience is increased by pre-and postnatal infection
As the most diverged wild relative of O. sativa (rice) O. Brachyantha has resistance against many rice pathogens and various stress environments.
and Northwest Missouri State university shows that standing and lying behavior can predict heat stress in cows.
We manipulate one strain in various ways to see if we can make versions of the fungus to suit certain applications the company has in mind Horton said.
Moake whose research group was the first to describe how high shear stress could cause platelets to stick to VWF said I had thought that the condition might last for such a short time that it would be unmeasurable.
However previous research had shown that a type of physical stress called shear --which can arise in partially occluded arterial blood vessels with high flow rates--could cause PVWF to become sticky to platelets.
Moake's and Dong's groups prepared samples of PVWF subjecting some to the shear stresses known to induce clot formation.
which portion of PVWF changed its conformation during shear stress. They also determined how long the protein remained partially unfurled before relaxing into its natural shape.
The researchers found increased deposits of triglycerides (TG)( especially saturated fatty acids) increased signs of oxidative stress and depleted copper levels in the kidneys.
Furthermore the GSSE prevented the oxidative stress and copper depletion. In our research obesity-induced leaky kidney and proteinuria are shown to be prevented by GSSE
Another similarity Berwick notes relates to an insight of celebrated MIT professor emeritus of linguistics Morris Halle who as Berwick puts it observed that all human languages have a finite number of stress patterns
and compounds associated with oxidative stress compared to those grown on conventional farms according to research published February 20 in the open access journal PLOS ONE by Maria Raquel Alcantara Miranda and colleagues from the Federal University
According to the authors organic farming exposes plants to greater stress than conventional farming. They suggest that this increased stress may be the reason organic tomatoes had higher levels sugars Vitamin c and pigment molecules like lycopene an antioxidant compound--all of
which are associated with the biological response to stress. Based on these observations the authors suggest that growing strategies for fruits
and vegetables should aim to balance plant stress with efforts to maximize yield and fruit size rather than trying to eliminate stress to increase yields.
Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Public library of Science. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
Journal Reference e
#Turning pine sap into evergreen plasticsplastic bags are a bane of nature. And not just bags--just about all plastics really.
#Microbes team up to boost plants stress tolerancewhile most farmers consider viruses and fungi potential threats to their crops these microbes can help wild plants adapt to extreme conditions according to a Penn State virologist.
and grow them better and more tolerant of environmental stress like heat and drought or pathogens?
This may lead to more natural methods of creating crops that are more heat drought and stress tolerant.
The goal was to find out how effective this technology might be in predicting yields stress tolerance
#Lack of energy an enemy to antibiotic-resistant microbesrice University researchers cured a strain of bacteria of its ability to resist an antibiotic in an experiment that has implications for a longstanding public health crisis. Rice environmental engineer Pedro Alvarez
The Rice researchers tested their theory on two strains of bacteria P. aeruginosa which is found in soil
but it's enough to have bacteria notice a deficiency in their ability to obtain energy from the environment and feel the stress to dump resistant genes.
In 2002 the drought subjected the trees to the most extreme growing season water stress of the past century.
play integral role in clinical trialsas an internationally recognized researcher into aging and dementia Suzanne Craft is keenly aware of the importance of volunteers in clinical studies.
or mild Alzheimer's dementia. But the $7. 9 million nationwide study involving 30 institutions--one of two projects selected by the NIH to be part of its National Alzheimer's Plan
because farmers are growing strains of wheat that contain more gluten. That's the conclusion of an article in the ACS'Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.
Elephants are vulnerable to heat stress because their large size and because they don't sweat like humans
#How plant communities endure stressthe Stress Gradient Hypothesis holds that as stress increases in an ecosystem mutually supportive interactions become more significant and negative interactions such as competition become less so.
and according to the Stress Gradient Hypothesis their positive interactions become measurably more influential when ecosystems become threatened by conditions such as drought.
of stress on six continents. Examining the data from each paper and contacting original authors when necessary He determined the overall trends across the many experiments.
Our results show that plant interactions generally change with increased environmental stress and always in the direction of an outright shift to facilitation (typical for survival responses) or a reduction in competition (typical from growth responses) the authors wrote in the paper published online.
We never observed an increase in competition at higher stress. These findings were consistent across fitness measures stress types growth forms life histories origins climatic zones ecosystems and methodologies.
or neutral effects at high stress whereas less competitive species e g. trees have strong facilitative effects at high stress the authors wrote.
Overall the researchers found studies with observations of greater degrees of stress increase--longer stress gradients--also observed greater degrees of shift toward positive interactions.
They could only persist in groups suggesting that with stress organisms were better off together--despite their competition--than apart.
Bertness published the Stress Gradient Hypothesis in Trends in Ecological Evolution with Ray Callaway then a graduate student at the University of California-Santa barbara. Callaway is now a professor at the University of Montana.
Hundreds of studies over two decades from sites around the world suggest that the Stress Gradient Hypothesis can be employed as a rule of thumb.
Nearly two decades later with so much evidence now assembled Bertness said ecologists should feel confident enough in the Stress Gradient Hypothesis to employ it as a rule of thumb.
With the ecosystem's foundation shored up the natural tendency among species toward greater positive interactions under stress should allow the fish to weather stress better.
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