Every day about 100 containers of toxic e-waste arrive in Hong kong alone says Jim Puckett the activist with BAN.
They set fire to a fragment inhale the toxic fumes and toss it into the appropriate bin based on odor.
#Genetic Pesticides Could Target Individual Speciesif you use a neuro-poison it kills everything Subba Reddy Palli an entomologist at the University of Kentucky who is researching the technology
but would be toxic inside the body so they can only be used for closing cuts on the surface of the skin.
and $35 million in the northeastern United states. According to Tooker to protect their crops from ECB many farmers have grown a genetically modified type of corn that expresses insecticidal toxins that kill the worms.
These toxins were isolated from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt. These Bt corn hybrids have been adopted widely because they are exceptional for managing ECB--99.9 percent of larvae are expected to die
when they feed on plants expressing Bt toxins he said. Yet a drawback to using these hybrids has been the high cost of purchasing the seeds
Secondarily planting more non-Bt corn will reduce the potential for ECB to develop resistance to Bt toxins as corn rootworms have done in about a dozen states so far.
to the Bt toxins expressed in corn hybrids. Based on our results we would tell growers to scout their non-Bt acreage toward the end of the growing season he said.
Finding low toxicity replacements for commodity plastics such as polystyrene and PVC adhesives foams and composite resins in addition to leatherlike materials must be a priority
#Ethanol blends carry hidden riskblending more ethanol into fuel to cut air pollution from vehicles carries a hidden risk that toxic
and toxic hydrocarbons could cause health woes he said. The timely warning comes as the United states works to stimulate the production and consumption of ethanol.
because small amounts of ethanol and benzene a toxic volatile hydrocarbon present in gasoline degrade rapidly in the presence of oxygen.
but did not emit substantial amounts of carbon monoxide and toxic volatile organic compounds. The level of secondhand exposure to nicotine depended on the e-cigarette brand.
and exposures to other toxins and compounds identified in e-cigarettes such as formaldehyde acetaldehyde and acrolein.#¢
#Toxic substances in banana plants kill root pestsbananas are a major food staple for about 400 million people in the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia Africa and Latin america.
Dirk HÃ lscher from the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology in Jena Germany and an international team of researchers have discovered that some banana varieties accumulate specific plant toxins in the immediate vicinity
The toxin is stored in lipid droplets in the body of the nematode and the parasite finally dies.
The production of the toxin alone is not responsible for the banana plant's resistance to nematodes.
We measured far higher concentrations of the toxin in these localized regions in the resistant banana variety Dirk HÃ lscher summarizes the results.
Lipid droplets containing the active compounds visible in the nematodethe toxic effect of anigorufone and other substances was tested on living nematodes.
which was most toxic to the pest organism. By using imaging techniques the researchers were able to visualize the plant toxin within the body of the roundworm.
There the lipid-soluble anigorufone accumulated in lipid droplets which increased in size as they converged
or excrete the toxin still needs to be clarified. However it is likely that the growing lipid droplets displace the inner organs of the nematode causing an eventual metabolic dysfunction.
This could help to minimize the excessive use of highly toxic pesticides in banana plantations
One has assumed always previously that these residues were per se toxic. This is why pesticides that form more than 70%bound residues are no longer in compliance today.
i e. whether or not they really are toxic or what chemical structures they have hidden could not yet been evaluated.
However in an article in the Journal of Economic Entomology called Evaluation of Tolerance to Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins Among Laboratory-Reared Western Bean Cutworm (Lepidoptera:
The ability to mass produce this pest insect will enhance fundamental research including evaluation of control tactics and toxin susceptibility.
but partial control has been observed by corn varieties that express Cry1 F toxins. The new rearing procedure described in the article allowed the researchers to gather the first reported data for western bean cutworm susceptibility to Cry toxins using laboratory dose-response bioassays.
With the ability to rear western bean cutworm in the laboratory it may be possible in the future to select strains with varying levels of Cry1f toxin susceptibilities which could in turn be used to investigate the genetic basis of resistance.
Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Entomological Society of America. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length h
because their guts can tolerate high levels of cellulose and toxins --which are unpalatable or indigestible to smaller primates.
Poison and even explosives have been used since the 1960s in attempts to control vampire bat populations but those culling efforts have failed generally.
For example it can't make most of the toxins other plant-interacting fungi release probably the researchers speculate to avoid setting off the host plant's immune system.
and plant roots killed 100%of sample breast cancer cells without toxic side effects on normal cells.
The new research from the Universities of Leicester Sussex and Cambridge examines how locusts associate odours with nutritious or toxic food.
and they avoid eating toxic plants; but gregarious locusts eat these plants to'impregnate'themselves with toxins to deter predators.
The transformation to gregarious behaviour which happens when solitary locusts are forced together into a crowd is complete within a few hours.
Locusts should consider toxic food'bad 'while they live alone but'good'when they are in a swarm
When we presented solitary locusts with an unfamiliar odour together with toxic food they assigned it an aversive('bad')value.
and eat toxic plants to defend itself against predators. Then we asked if a solitary locust has learned already about an odour
so they will give the toxic plants another try. And because they can no longer form aversive memories any food is now rewarding
This is how they re-train themselves to eat the toxic plants. It would be great to be able to do this experiment in the field
Because newly crowded locusts don't form memories about toxins they ingest all they remember is the pleasant side of
and they ignore the toxin. In this way a smell previously associated with a toxin can become associated with a pleasant experience.
The changes in learning and memory we're proposing don't require the locusts to understand what's happening to them--they just have feed to
And if you train solitary locusts with toxic food and vanilla they will also go to lemon.
which can cause acute blood poisoning with inflammation of the heart sac heart lungs or digestive organs.
During this growth the fungus produces substances that are toxic and lethal to the tick.
Included on the EU's positive listbipesco 5 with the active ingredient Metarhizium has been tested for toxicity in relation to animals
Euscorpius scorpions are relatively harmless with poison that has effects similar to a mosquito bite.
#Common bioindicator resistant to insecticidesin a novel study a University of Oklahoma researcher and collaborators found a common bioindicator Hyalella azteca used to test the toxicity of water
when used to test the toxicity of water and sediment. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by University of Oklahoma.
and discomfort but for those with a bee venom allergy the consequences can be devastating:
In a paper to be published online Oct 24 in Immunity the researchers show that mice injected with a small dose of bee venom were later resistant to a potentially lethal dose of the same venom.
The study is the first experimental evidence that the same immune response involved in allergies may have evolved to serve a protective role against toxins.
The study builds on earlier work by the researchers characterizing the innate immune response to snake venom and honeybee venom.
Innate immune responses occur in subjects exposed to a foreign substance such as a pathogen or a toxic material like venom for the first time.
when a pathogen or toxin intrudes. In a previous study the researchers found that mast cells produce enzymes that can detoxify components of snake venom
and that mast cells can also enhance innate resistance to honeybee venom. Such innate immune responses do not require prior immunization or the development of specific antibodies.
By contrast during an adaptive immune response the immune system generates antibodies that recognize the invading pathogen or toxin;
this process makes it possible to vaccinate against infectious diseases. Adaptive immunity is usually a faster more specific and more effective form of defense than innate immunity.
This idea known as the toxin hypothesis of allergy was proposed first by Margie Profet in 1991
To find out whether adaptive immune responses could help mice resist bee venom Marichal and Starkl first injected mice with a low dose of venom equivalent to one or two stings.
The mice developed more venom-specific immune cells and higher levels of Ige antibodies against the venom than control mice injected with a salt solution.
Three weeks later they injected both groups of mice with a potentially lethal dose of venom similar to five bee stings.
The immunized mice had less hypothermia and were three times more likely to survive than the control mice.
Moreover they did not develop the anaphylactic reactions characteristic of severe allergies. To determine whether Ige antibodies were required for this protection the team tested mice with three types of mutations:
In all three groups of mutant mice pre-immunization with a low dose of bee venom did not confer protection against a lethal dose suggesting that the protection depends on Ige signaling and mast cell activation.
Pre-immunization with a low dose of venom from the Russell's viper also protected mice from a higher dose of venom from this snake which is one of the big four species responsible for most snakebite
So the researchers believe the response could be generalized to different types of toxic venoms. Our findings support the hypothesis that this kind of venom-specific Ige-associated adaptive immune response developed at least in evolutionary terms to protect the host against potentially toxic amounts of venom such as would happen
if the animal encountered a whole nest of bees or in the event of a snakebite said Stephen Galli MD professor and chair of pathology and the co-senior author of the study.
whether Ige responses also protect humans from the toxic effects of arthropod or reptile venom but it would be unthinkable to test lethal doses of venom in humans.
Reptile and arthropod venoms are complex chemical cocktails. Some venom components have evolved to mimic chemicals made by the human body such as endothelin-1
which causes blood vessels to constrict during bacterial infections. At the same time mammals have evolved immune responses to venom which in some cases escalate into maladaptive allergic reactions.
We experience allergies in a much cleaner world where we don't have the same threats of venomous creatures
and potentially toxic food that existed for much of our evolutionary history said Galli. And so we're left with this residual type of reactivity that seems completely mysterious and pointless and harmful.
This is the first evidence that we know of indicating that Ige-associated'allergic-type'immune responses can actually reduce the toxicity of naturally occurring venoms.
Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Stanford university Medical center. The original article was written by Molly Sharlach.
As the gold is likely to be toxic to the plant it's moved to the leaves
and are toxic to fish shellfish and other organisms. In mammals these compounds can cause gene disruption
They may range further than the females picking up more toxins as they go. Or the females might transfer some of the contaminants to their offspring during nursing as previous research suggests.
and safer for farm workerssince 1996 corn containing a gene that allows it to create a protein that is toxic to certain insects yet safe for human consumption has been grown in the United states
which were effective but left toxic residue for human consumption. However this can be substituted by an ozone system that ventilates the grains for 48 hours.
Our study examined the toxic effects of selenium at multiple life stages of the honey bee
Slightly higher concentrations however are toxic. Several insect species suffer toxic effects from feeding on Se-contaminated food.
In the case of the honey bee Se enters the body through ingestion of contaminated pollen and nectar.
In the United states the well-established toxicity of Se to wildlife and humans has resulted in this element being regulated by the Toxic Substances Control Act and the Clean Water Act.
#Foods toxins that can cause cervical, liver cancermexican scientists identified and quantified the amount of aflatoxins (carcinogenic) in food such as corn tortilla rice chili pepper processed sauces chicken breast
and eggs and revealed its relationship with cervical and liver cancer in humans. The research won the National Award in Food Science
It explains that both types of cancer can be originated by the ingestion of food contaminated with aflatoxins produced by the fungi Aspergilus flavus and A. parasiticus.
Magda Carvajal Moreno from the Biology Institute at UNAM (National Autonomous University of Mexico) and head of the research explained that this is the first time both conditions are related with the presence of aflatoxins the most frequent carcinogenic we ate daily she said.
and found that aflatoxins are present in chicken breast gizzard liver and eggs-white and yolk.
and cervical cancer in humans therefore aflatoxins are a very important factor in triggering this diseases.
This research is the first in the world to report that cervical cancer can also be caused by ingesting aflatoxin contaminated food.
The specialist clarified that Human Papillomavirus is more carcinogenic and prone to trigger cervical cancer than aflatoxins.
The toxins-the researcher said-are in the water soil and airborne the fungi that produce them are an olive green mold that can be found in refrigerators besides they are very resistant to high temperatures.
or milligrams of aflatoxin that accumulate over the years in DNA decreased resistance in people
which would control the production of the toxin. Also vary the foods one ingests and preferably consume wheat tortilla and fish as well as antioxidants.
if there is an association with aflatoxins. These initiatives are promoted by the PNCTA (National Award in Food Science and Technology.
Indeed perhaps somewhat alarmingly the amount of iron that was produced reached levels that are toxic to many crops
Earlier sequencing of the Calas bacteria genome showed that there were no toxins or enzymes that would destroy plant cell walls
a toxic protein produced in its leaves and stems which kills pests in a matter of days.
Perfect#Except when insect populations develop resistance to the toxin! To date management strategies implemented to delay the evolution of resistance have been successful.
Notwithstanding the success of these strategies IRD scientists and their South african partners have revealed now that a major pest of maize the moth Busseola fusca has developed an unusual defense mechanism against Bt toxin in South africa.
Bt maize and resistance developmentgenetically engineered maize is created by introducing a gene into the plant genome that expresses a toxic protein from a bacterium i e.
Both the leaves and stems of Bt maize produce this toxin which destroys the gut of any moth larvae eating the plant.
the aim being to maintain pockets of insects that remain susceptible to the toxin. In line with other known cases of Bt-resistance resistance in Busseola fusca was expected to involve modification of the cells in the gut wall
which prevents the toxin from binding. Crucially this type of adaptation is inherited recessively: both parents must be resistant to produce fully resistant offspring.
Implicationsin South africa most farmers are still cultivating single-toxin Bt maize. In many cases they need to apply at least one pesticide spray which makes planting of Bt varieties less attractive.
In the medium term single-toxin Bt maize is being replaced progressively by a stacked variety producing two different toxins
but in a worst case scenario one cannot exclude that Busseola fusca could also quickly adapt to varieties expressing more than one toxin.
Such perspectives could include a more diverse array of toxins for the control of pest populations possibly supplemented with a biological component such as pathogenic fungi or parasitic wasps.
Supernatants (washings) from bacterial cultures had similar effects suggesting that the bacteria were secreting biomolecules that poisoned nonfarmers preventing them from eating the farmers'crops.
Based on these results we do not expect the trace amounts of pyrethroids in sewage treatment plant effluent to be toxic to even the most sensitive aquatic life.
which are more acutely toxic to birds and mammals with uses that include home insect control insect-repellant clothing dog and cat flea shampoos mosquito control and agriculture.
#Australian tarantula venom contains novel insecticide against agricultural pestsspider venoms are usually toxic when injected into prey
but a new protein discovered in the venom of Australian tarantulas can also kill prey insects that consume the venom orally.
The small protein named orally active insecticidal peptide-1 (OAIP-1) was found to be highly toxic to insects that consumed it with potency similar to that of the synthetic insecticide imidacloprid.
Isolated peptides from the venom of spiders or other venomous insectivorous animals such as centipedes and scorpions may have the potential to serve as bioinsecticides.
King elaborates The breakthrough discovery that spider toxins can have oral activity has implications not only for their use as bioinsecticides
but also for spider-venom peptides that are being considered for therapeutic use. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Public library of Science.
and should not have the toxicity concerns that exist for DEET. Burlingame who is with Allylix Inc. a renewable-chemical firm in Lexington Ky. spoke at a symposium entitled Biopesticides:
and are less toxic to humans than conventional pesticides said James N. Seiber Ph d. of the University of California Davis. He co-organized the symposium with Aaron Gross and Joel Coats Ph d. both of Iowa
But it also creates a vulnerability to environmental toxins giving bedbugs an unusually large surface area where pesticides can enter their bodies.
In case insecticides slip past the armor other genes kick in to prevent the toxins from attacking the nervous system.
and smoke contain lower levels of four toxic metals than cigarette tobacco and smoke. It was part of the 246th National Meeting & Exposition of the American Chemical Society (ACS.
and our studies on toxic metals in hookah smoke are taking the first steps toward the necessary animal
Other differences in hookah vs. cigarette smoking complicate any interpretation of the health implications of the lower levels of toxic metals in hookah smoke noted Caruso
In excess it can cause ammonia toxicity and algal blooms altering water quality and harming aquatic life.
and oxygen is toxic to nitrogenase the enzyme needed to fix nitrogen. This is why most organisms that fix nitrogen work in an anaerobic (oxygenless) environment.
#Toxic nanoparticles might be entering human food supplyover the last few years the use of nanomaterials for water treatment food packaging pesticides cosmetics
because we do not know the toxicity of the nanoparticles. Our goal is to detect identify
and quantify these nanoparticles in food and food products and study their toxicity as soon as possible. Lin and his colleagues including MU scientists Azlin Mustapha
The large heavy and poisonous seeds surrounded by a fleshy and nontoxic fruit-like layer seem well adapted to being swallowed occasionally whole en masse by megafauna
The fuel is toxic but higher concentrations will drive down the cost of isolating the fuel.
which is available all year round but highly toxic. When food was plentiful gemsbok specialised exclusively on grasses and more ephemeral succulent species. In contrast springboks fed on a higher proportion of shrubs and trees than grasses and succulent plants irrespective of environmental conditions.
Gemsbok seem to be well adapted to the toxic effects of special plants growing in dry regions
#Bee venom: Biophysicists zoom in on pore-forming toxina new study by Rice university biophysicists offers the most comprehensive picture yet of the molecular-level action of melittin the principal toxin in bee venom.
The research could aid in the development of new drugs that use a similar mechanism as melittin's to attack cancer and bacteria.
#Sugar toxic to mice in safe doses, test findswhen mice ate a diet of 25 percent extra sugar--the mouse equivalent of a healthy human diet plus three cans of soda daily--females died at twice the normal rate
and reproduce according to a toxicity test developed at the University of Utah. Our results provide evidence that added sugar consumed at concentrations currently considered safe exerts dramatic adverse impacts on mammalian health the researchers say in a study set for online publication Tuesday Aug 13 in the journal
The new toxicity test placed groups of mice in room-sized pens nicknamed mouse barns with multiple nest boxes--a much more realistic environment than small cages allowing the mice to compete more naturally for mates
and desirable territories and thereby revealing subtle toxic effects on their performance Potts says. This is a sensitive test for health
The study says the need for a sensitive toxicity test exists not only for components of our diet
and for toxicology where shockingly few compounds receive critical or long-term toxicity testing. The study was funded by the National institutes of health and the National Science Foundation.
or OPA--uses mice in a more natural ecological context more likely to reveal toxic effects of whatever is being tested he says.
Human-made toxic substances in the environment potentially affect all of us and more are discovered continually Potts says.
and sensitive test to screen the potential toxic substances that are being released into the environment or in our drugs or our food supply.
of which use venoms to sting their prey but instead are scavengers like those that pick up crumbs off kitchen floors
Phytosanitary products are toxic for the environment and potentially for the user as well. Using biological pesticides that rapidly degrade in the environment would reduce the risks of pollution.
so we can easily address future human health risks with proper mitigation strategies Results of this study will not only help to understand the toxic effects caused by this human carcinogen
#Widely used pesticide toxic to honeybeesforthcoming research in the journal Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry analyzes the physiological effects of three separate pesticides on honey bees (Apis mellifera.
Deltamethrin fipronil and spinosad widely used pesticides in agriculture and home pest control were applied to healthy honeybees and proved toxic to some degree irrespective of dosage.
He also studied the structure of the tomato peels to assess their efficiency as biomaterials to remove toxic metal ions and organic pollutants from water.
which they could not assign to any known species. As it turned out it was indeed a hitherto undescribed species of poison dart frog
#RNA-interference pesticides will need special safety testingstandard toxicity testing is inadequate to assess the safety of a new technology with potential for creating pesticides
and insect-resistant crops based on RNA interference now in exploratory development may have to be tested under elaborate procedures that assess effects on animals'whole life cycles rather than by methods that look for short-term toxicity.
Mosquitoes don't die from the toxin per se. They die from sodium overdose. With the door jammed wide open their cells gulp down sodium which overexcites their nervous system and eventually leads to paralysis and death.
For this reason researchers at the University of Santiago de compostela compared the mineral and toxic elements of organic and conventional milk taken from over thirty farms located in the northeast of the Iberian peninsula.
although no differences were found in the quantity of toxic compounds such as cadmium which were detected also in very low concentrations.
and increase the activity of genes involved in breaking down toxins most likely to cope with the insecticide.
and not letting a cell get poisoned by badly folded or aggregated proteins he said.
and not letting a cell get poisoned by badly folded or aggregated proteins he said.
#Illegal marijuana grows threaten fishers in the southern Sierra Nevadarat poison used on illegal marijuana grows is killing fishers in the southern Sierra nevada according to a recent study conducted by a team of scientists from the U s. Forest Service's Pacific
The authors speculated that the most likely source of the poisons was the illegal marijuana grows found throughout the Sierra nevada.
The researchers deduced that illegal marijuana grows are a likely source of the poison because the fishers in this study were radio-tracked and many were observed not venturing into rural urban
and variety of poisons found at the illegal marijuana plots is a new threat. According to co-author PSW wildlife biologist Dr. Kathryn Purcell exposure of wildlife to pesticides has been documented widely
either directly consuming flavored rodenticides or by consuming prey that had ingested recently the poisons exposure may also predispose animals to dying from other causes.
Exposure to lower doses--or to combinations--of the poisons results in slower reflexes reduced ability to heal from injuries and neurological impairment.
In this study scientists reported on the amount of poisons found at over 300 illegal plots
which may also be exposed to the poisons say the scientists. The full report can be found at http://treesearch. fs. fed. us/pubs/43761headquartered in Albany Calif. the Pacific Southwest Research Station develops
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