Synopsis: Microorganisms: Bacteria: Bacteria:


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The disease is caused by a bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum which is transmitted by the psyllid said Dr. Ron French Agrilife Extension plant pathologist in Amarillo.

and by then the insect has transmitted already the bacterium into the plant especially if that psyllid flew into the field.

and transmit the bacterium from plant to plant French said. French is conducting his studies using alternative controls as a part of the U s. Department of agriculture-National Institute of Food

so that any negative impacts the psyllid bacterium disease or pesticide use are having on the plant can translate into improved yields.


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The improvised filter should trap any bacteria producing fresh uncontaminated water. In fact an MIT team has discovered that this low-tech filtration system can produce up to four liters of drinking water a day--enough to quench the thirst of a typical person.

In a paper published this week in the journal PLOS ONE the researchers demonstrate that a small piece of sapwood can filter out more than 99 percent of the bacteria E coli from water.

while blocking most types of bacteria. Co-author Rohit Karnik an associate professor of mechanical engineering at MIT says sapwood is a promising low-cost

When they examined the xylem under a fluorescent microscope they saw that bacteria had accumulated around pit membranes in the first few millimeters of the wood.

Counting the bacterial cells in the filtered water the researchers found that the sapwood was able to filter out more than 99 percent of E coli from water.

Karnik says sapwood likely can filter most types of bacteria the smallest of which measure about 200 nanometers.


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and butterflies can pick up fungal bacterial or viral infections that might be as benign as the sniffles

In total we found eight major groups of animal pathogens that are transmitted potentially at flowers including a trypanosomatid fungi bacteria


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Epidemic typhus is caused an infectious disease by a bacterium transmitted between people by body lice. The disease spreads where conditions are crowded and unsanitary.


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Chocolate Safetythe roasting process kills bacteria on the cocoa seeds. Because of the high fat low moisture content chocolate generally does not spoil.


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How our gut bacteria metabolize complex carbohydrates from fruits, vegetableswe are all aware of the health benefits of dietary fiber.

and institutions in Canada and Sweden has begun to uncover how our gut bacteria metabolize the complex dietary carbohydrates found in fruits and vegetables.

Trillions of bacteria live in human intestines--there are about ten times more bacterial cells in the average person's body than human ones.

Known as microbiota these bacteria have a vital role to play in human health: they are central to our metabolism and well-being.

The research team has uncovered how one group of gut bacteria known as Bacteroidetes digest complex sugars known as xyloglucans.

They show that about 92 per cent of the population harbors bacteria with a variant of the gene sequence according to a survey of public genome data from 250 adult humans.

Understanding how these bacteria digest complex carbohydrates informs studies on a wide range of nutritional issues.

and prebiotics (the consumption of foods or supplements intended to stimulate the production of healthy bacteria in the gut).

Its been appreciated for a long time that our symbiotic gut bacteria provide us with greatly expanded abilities to digest dietary fiber.

In this study we took an empirical approach to decipher how one model gut bacterium digests one type of fiber that is abundant in the foods we eat.

and vegetables and how and why the good bacteria do what they do. Professor Gideon Davies who led the research at York University says

for this we rely on our gut bacteria. This work is helping us to understand the science of that process.


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Bovine TB caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium bovis not only infects cattle but other livestock and wildlife.

various environmental factors as well as differences in the TB bacteria may also affect susceptibility. If we can choose animals with better genotypes for TB resistance then we can apply this information in new breeding programs alongside other control strategies.


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Roberts is also planning to study how the body's natural gut bacteria impact the digestion of berry-based compounds.


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#Bacterial fibers critical to human, avian infectionescherichia coli--a friendly and ubiquitous bacterial resident in the guts of humans and other animals--may occasionally colonize regions outside the intestines.

and her colleagues examine one such bacterial adversary Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC). The research conducted in collaboration with scientists at the University of Florida Gainesville appears in the current issue of the journal PLOS ONE.

which adorn bacterial cell surfaces. In the first study of its kind they analyzed the way these structures contribute to APEC's ability to cause infection

and form dense cell aggregates known as biofilms. APEC infections are a serious threat to poultry causing both systemic and localized infections collectively known as colibacillosis.

Many types of bacteria produce extracellular surface fibers like ECP enabling them to adhere to one another as well as to various surfaces.

But such fibers or pili perform other vital functions particularly in the case of pathogenic bacteria Pili including those projecting from the surfaces of E coli are capable of recognizing specific host cell receptors during their initial phase of colonization.

Bacteria make further use of their pili to form cellular biofilms. Such bacterial aggregates are of clinical importance as they provide reservoirs for pathogenic organisms to persist in the host and often display increased resistance to antibiotics.

E coli common pilus (ECP) was identified originally in an Expec form known to cause neonatal meningitis in humans

While E coli bacteria exist primarily as beneficial residents of the human intestine extraintestinal variants are responsible for diarrheal diseases like hemorrhagic colitis as well as urinary tract infections neonatal meningitis sepsis and pneumonia.

and evaluate its contribution in the early stage of biofilm formation and host cell recognition.

They further speculate that ecpa may permit the persistence of E coli bacteria in the intestine where they exist in a non-threatening state before migrating to alternate extraintestinal sites becoming pathogenic.

Further the results showed that adorning APEC with anti-ECP antibodies--a process known as opsonization--could significantly inhibit bacterial adherence.

The formation of biofilms is a common bacterial property including in E coli where the adaptation increases survivability inside

Bacteria forming biofilms frequently display antibiotic resistance and can be tenacious foes to combat medically.

Deletion of ECP-related genes was shown to reduce biofilm production. Finally the study attempted to evaluate APEC virulence in baby chicks using strains with deleted ECP genes.

although the gene of ECP was found in a large number of APEC these bacteria express this gene differently

or in biofilm Mellata says. Elucidating how the expression of some genes is turned on or off by different factors will help us understand how these bacteria cause disease.

Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Arizona State university. The original article was written by Richard Harth.


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In addition fermented dairy products may exert beneficial effects against diabetes through probiotic bacteria and a special form of Vitamin k (part of the menaquinone family) associated with fermentation.


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which spreads a bacterium that causes zebra chip disease. Such low attack rates are unlikely to cause population declines of this pest.


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studies showa large body of literature has shown that genetically-modified plants that produce proteins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) to protect themselves from insect pests have little to no effect on a wide range of nontarget insects.


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The ARF binding mode to DNA has never been described in bacteria or animals. It appears to be exclusive to plants


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#Bacterial toxin potential trigger for multiple sclerosisresearchers from Weill Cornell Medical College have added to the growing body of evidence that multiple sclerosis may be triggered by a toxin produced by common foodborne bacteria.

Epsilon toxin may be responsible for triggering MS. Epsilon toxin is produced by certain strains of Clostridium perfringens a spore-forming bacterium that is one of the most common causes of foodborne illness in the United states. The U s. Centers for Disease Control

Of the 37 food samples 13.5%were positive for bacteria and 2. 7%were positive for the epsilon toxin gene.


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#Electrical generator uses bacterial spores to harness power of evaporating watera new type of electrical generator uses bacterial spores to harness the untapped power of evaporating water according to research conducted at the Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired

A soil bacterium called Bacillus subtilis wrinkles as it dries out like a grape becoming a raisin forming a tough dormant spore.


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#How a versatile gut bacterium helps us get our daily dietary fiberuniversity of British columbia researchers have discovered the genetic machinery that turns a common gut bacterium into The swiss Army knife of the digestive tract--helping us metabolize a main

While they are vital to our diet the long chains of natural polymeric carbohydrates that make up dietary fibre are impossible for humans to digest without the aid of our resident bacteria says UBC professor Harry Brumer with UBC

About 92 per cent of the population harbours bacteria with a variant of the gene sequence according to the researchers'survey of public genome data from 250 adult humans.

whether other groups in the consortium of gut bacteria work in concert with or in competition with Bacteroides ovatus to target these


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A major criticism of GMOS Pepper notes focuses on cases where genes from other species â#even bacterial ones â#have been added to an organism to achieve a desired trait.


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The presence of ants greatly reduces bacterial abundance on surfaces of leaves and has a visibly positive effect on plant health.

Study results indicate that symbiotic bacteria colonizing the ants inhibit pathogen growth on the leaves.

Detailed analysis of the bacterial composition on the surfaces of the leaves suggested that the presence of mutualistic ants changed the bacterial populations and reduced harmful pathogens.

and parasitic ants and tested the effect of the extracts on the growth of bacterial pathogens in the lab. Plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae was sensitive to the application of leg extracts of both ant species

In the next step the scientist isolated and identified bacteria from the legs of the ants.

In lab tests bacterial strains of the genera Bacillus Lactococcus Pantoea and Burkholderia effectively inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas bacteria isolated from infected acacia leaves.

Interestingly some of the bacterial genera associated with the ants are known to produce antibiotic substances.

In the future we will have to include bacteria and other microorganisms in our considerations says Wilhelm Boland head of the Department of Bioorganic Chemistry at the Max Planck Institute.

Studies on symbiotic relationships between ants and myrmecophytic plants should not overlook the role of bacterial partners that help the ants protect their plants.


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but are fermented instead by intestinal bacteria into short-chain fatty acids such as propionate and butyrate which can in fact be assimilated by our bodies.


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and evilto safely use bacteria in agriculture to help fertilize crops it is vital to understand the difference between harmful and healthy strains.

The bacterial genus Burkholderia for example includes dangerous disease-causing pathogens--one species has even been listed as a potential bioterrorist agent

which have just been discovered in the last 12 years as plant-growth promoting bacteria are said not pathogenic the study's senior author Ann Hirsch a professor of molecular cell and developmental biology in the UCLA College of Letters and Science.

which helpful bacteria that have entered the roots of plants convert nitrogen in the atmosphere into ammonia

Bacteria that fix atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia such as Burkholderiaare critical for plant growth said Hirsch whose laboratory studies many aspects of the complex symbiosis between plants and bacteria.

Other Burkholderia belong to the Burkholderia cepacia complex a group of related bacteria that are not true pathogens

which the bacteria provide nitrogen fertilizer to the plant. Bacteria that cause the formation of these nodules in legumes such as soybeans alfalfa and peanuts are crucial to sustainable agricultural systems Hirsch said.

Although the nodulating symbiotic species of Burkholderia are related to the more dangerous species a detailed analysis of their evolutionary relationships published earlier this year by Hirsch

and in human cells grown in culture verified the bioinformatics analysis showing that the bacteria were not harmful.

and home gardens just like currently used nitrogen-fixing bacteria Hirsch said. Our goal is to have discovered these newly nitrogen-fixing bacteria be used for a more sustainable approach to agriculture in the future.

Co-authors of the PLOS ONE research included Annette Angus and Christina Agapakis UCLA postdoctoral scholars in Hirsch's laboratory;


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Gut bacteria ferment the dietary fibers contained in them and fatty acids enter the blood as a result influencing the immune response in the lungs.

We are now showing for the first time that the influence of gut bacteria extends much further namely up to the lungs says Marsland His team

First the fibers reach the intestine where they are fermented by bacteria and transformed into short-chain fatty acids.


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#Alternative to yogurtresearchers at the Universitat Politã cnica de Valã ncia have obtained new products fermented with probiotic bacteria from grains and nuts

and viability of probiotic bacteria for the lifetime of the product especially after their intake says Chelo Gonzã¡


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Super bug bacteria in meat and poultry, study saysif you grab chicken or some other meat from the grocery store,

a bacteria linked to a number of human conditions. The meat and poultry came from 26 stores from the following cities:

Los angeles, Chicago, Fort lauderdale, Flagstaff and Washington, D c. Meat and poultry inspectors usually look for many types of multi-drug-resistant bacteria,

The bacteria can cause skin infections and can lead to more serious illnesses such as pneumonia and sepsis.

Studies as far back as 1976 have shown a link between antibiotics and the spread of drug resistant bacteria in humans, reports Wired.


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When the permafrost thaws, the organic material trapped in it is consumed by bacteria. If there is air in the area,

oxygen-breathing bacteria will break down the organic matter and the carbon will enter the air as carbon dioxide.

then another type of bacteria (methanogens) will break it down, releasing the carbon into the atmosphere as methane.


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Bioluminescent bacteria may soon provide lighting, free of electricity from the grid. Bacteria attached to walls will grow in decorative patterns

and turn colors when certain pollutants are introduced. English physician and synthetic biologist Rachel Armstrong and architect Neil Spiller


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which means a longer shelf life (these chemicals kill pathogenic bacteria) and also a faster cheese-ripening process (they kill off the milk's beneficial bacteria sooner).

Human breast milk gives human babies unique immunological defenses that they can't get from other animal's milk.


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bacterial and fungal-driven browning will still show up to let us know the fruit's gone bad.


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but the usual suspects (viruses and bacterial infections) didn't have anything to do with the poor health of the trees.


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Genes that code for pheromone biosynthesis were injected into the tobacco plant Nicotiana benthamiana via bacteria cultures (pictured.


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you have heightened risk for bacterial infections and other diseases in the bees that could require burning entire hives.


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percent of bacteria that cause waterborne disease. Â The filter lasts 200 days for a family of five.


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the bacterial decay starts burning oxygen up. The waterways become oxygen-deficient, and that has a negative effect on all animal life.


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Startup turns landfill-bound plastics into oil E coli bacteria that eats switchgrass to make fuel Dead people power:


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by definition, probiotics are bacteria. How do you make sure those grow, but the bad bacteria don't?

Are probiotics a direction we might want to go into and, if so, are there shelf-stable products that already have probiotics in them?


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We find that over time biochar also creates an ideal environment for microorganisms to live, things like fungi and bacteria.


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and salt water (the salt keeps the pathogenic microorganisms at bay as well as enabling the enzymes, some beneficial bacteria and various strains of yeast to flourish).


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there are a billion of bacteria, most of them are yet to be named, some of those bacteria are nitrogen lovers,

and they make that nitrogen available to plants...others are methane lovers and they take methane from the atmosphere,


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if the milk has been left outside the fridge for long enough for bacteria to form.


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Mass producing medicines in GM plants uses lower-cost tech than those of biopharmaceuticals made in huge stainless steel fermentation vats containing bacteria or mammalian cells.


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Some 95 percent of beets grown in the U s. carry the Monsanto bacterial gene that resists the herbicide glyphosate, present in Roundup Ready.

The crops contain a bacterial gene that allows them to withstand spraying with Roundup or its generic equivalents, known as glyphosate.


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E coli bacteria that eats switchgrass to make fuel How do you solve a problem like next-gen biofuels?


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if their food is contaminated with pathogenic bacteria and excessive amounts of drug residue by identifying more than 60 varieties of chemicals, reported China's official Xinhua news agency.


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in the lab. They did this by engineering a strain of  E coli bacteria to produce the sugar for them, quickly and cheaply.


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because it affects your gut bacteria which is very important but no one is certain yet


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which can be harmful to the bacteria used in the fermentation process. In a statement CEO Rick Wilson says:


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The banana peel can't get rid of bacteria in water so don't strap one around your faucet just yet


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A team from National Yang-Ming University in Taiwan conceived a bacterium that can do the work of a failed kidney;

Tito Jankowski, now a member of DIYBIO, became interested in toolmaking for biohackers after taking part in igem with a team from Brown University that had set itself the goal of modifying bacteria to detect lead in water.


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or bacterial infection or in those individuals undergoing dialysis for kidney failure. Clinical trials at the US National Cancer Institute and other world centers have indicated that Astragalus can strengthen immunity


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and bacteria are the two most important biofuel technologies of the 21st century. As a replacement for oil, algae is extremely practical,


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Coskata, which is backed by General motors and other investors, uses bacteria to convert almost any organic material, from corn husks (but not the corn itself) to municipal trash, into ethanol."

Coskata pumps it into a reactor containing bacteria that consume the gas and excrete ethanol.

Gasification and bacterial conversion are common methods of producing ethanol, but biofuel experts said Coskata is the first to combine them.

merges the feedstock flexibility of gasification with the relatively low cost of bacterial conversion. Tobey said Coskata's method generates more ethanol per ton of feedstock than corn-based ethanol


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However, these products develop drug-resistant bacteria and may be harmful to human beings who consume the produce and poultry.

Dr Kok said Orgacids was proven to be able to kill bacteria like Salmonella, E coli and Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus in the livestock digestive system. oesalmonella will be cured within two to three weeks after the chicken is fed with Orgacids


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Detecting a bacterial breast infection called mastitis, and measuring fat, protein and lactose levels allow the farmer to monitor the quality of their milk.


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In a period of ten weeks the team created a bacteria, Auxin, that they believed would be useful in solving desertification

They engineered E coli bacteria to contain sets of genes with growth hormone and also with malate, a root detector.

The bacteria were able to swim towards roots, become absorbed by the roots, and then release hormones to stimulate growth.


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