#Feeding corn germ to pigs does not affect growth performanceinclusion of corn germ in swine diets can reduce diet costs depending on the local cost of corn germ and other ingredients.
Recent research conducted at the University of Illinois indicates that corn germ can be included at up to 30 percent in diets fed to growing pigs.
In previous research we had seen that pigs do very well on diets containing 10 percent corn germ
if higher inclusion rates can be used said Hans Stein professor of animal sciences at Illinois. The corn germ used in this study came from the ethanol
This product is different from the corn germ produced from the wet milling industry which contains 30 to 40 percent fat.
Stein's team tested diets containing 0 percent 10 percent 20 percent and 30 percent corn germ.
They tested each inclusion level of corn germ in diets containing 30 percent distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) as well as in diets containing no DDGS.
or backfat quality as increasing amounts of corn germ were added to the diets regardless of the inclusion level of DDGS.
The results of this work demonstrate that pig growth rate will not be changed by the inclusion of up to 30 percent corn germ in the diets
the diets containing more corn germ also contained more fat. As a result the bellies of pigs fed diets with no DDGS were softer as corn germ levels increased.
Producers may have to reduce the inclusion rate during the final three to four weeks before slaughter Stein concluded.
whether reducing the inclusion rate of corn germ in late-finishing diets would ameliorate the negative effects on belly quality might be warranted.
The study Up to 30 percent corn germ may be included in diets fed to growing-finishing pigs without affecting pig growth performance carcass composition
and strawberries have similar surface bacteria with the majority of these microbes belonging to one family.
and may be the source of typical microbes on kitchen surfaces. Previous studies have shown that although such microbes don't necessarily cause disease they may still interact with
and perhaps inhibit the growth of disease-causing microbes. The results of this new research suggest that people may be exposed to substantially different bacteria depending on the types of produce they consume Story Source:
The above story is provided based on materials by Public library of Science. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
He says that the use of engineering methods to build genomes of microorganisms is a relatively new area.
When exposed to the right microbes they will break down in 180 days in any landfill or backyard.
In phylogenetic analysis usually the tips of the trees the leaves are organisms or microbes.
#The lifetime journeys of manure-based microbesstudies at the U s. Department of agriculture (USDA) are shedding some light on the microbes that dwell in cattle manure--what they are where they thrive where they struggle
By virtue of being a direct product of biology the renewable starting materials are a familiar sight for the microbes responsible for biodegradation.
#Microbes team up to boost plants stress tolerancewhile most farmers consider viruses and fungi potential threats to their crops these microbes can help wild plants adapt to extreme conditions according to a Penn State virologist.
Discovering how microbes collaborate to improve the hardiness of plants is a key to sustainable agriculture that can help meet increasing food demands
in addition to avoiding possible conflicts over scare resources said Marilyn Roossinck professor of plant pathology and environmental microbiology and biology.
The question is can we restore the natural level of microbes in plants and grow them better and more tolerant of environmental stress like heat and drought or pathogens?
and plants but a study of plant viruses in the wild may point to a more cooperative benevolent role of the microbe according to a Penn State virologist.
In the forest the plants are full of microbes: viruses fungi and bacteria whereas in crops farmers try to eliminate the microbes.
Perhaps there is a connection. Indeed one plant virus that was found frequently in the forest was also found in nearby melon crops.
and leaving roots nutrients and microorganisms unharmed. These frequent low-intensity fires are what forest managers attempt to mimic
and his team managed to remove the ability of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa microorganism to resist the antibiotic medication tetracycline by limiting its access to food and oxygen.
We started with the hypothesis that microbes don't like to carry excess baggage he said. That means they will drop genes they're not using
and/or oxygen through successive generations they found that in the absence of tetracycline both microbes dumped the resistance plasmid though not entirely in the case of E coli.
When a high level of tetracycline was present both microbes retained a level of resistance One long-recognized problem with antibiotics is that they tend to snatch defeat from the jaws of victory.
whether in a person an animal or in the environment the weak microbes will die
You take into account the soil microbes and environment for these tests. A long-term cropping system trial provided the perfect opportunity to test the extent to which carbon
Microorganisms in the rumen--the largest chamber in the cow's stomach--modify most of the ingested fats and turn them into saturated fats.
The more roughage is in the diet of the ruminant animal the more methane is produced by the microbes in the gut of the ruminant
and help hydrolyze the released polysaccharides into sugars that can be fermented by microbes researchers at JBEI
Breksa also noted that the profiles may reveal clues to mechanisms underlying the microbe's mostly unknown mode of attack.
Microbes can then be used to produce various chemicals such as bioethanol from the sugars. Lignocellulosic biomass contains substantial amounts of lignin
Probiotics have been defined by the Food and agriculture organization-World health organization as live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit to the host.
Another of their advantages is that they even combat other microorganisms in the soil that cause plant diseases.
By contrast the bacteria containing biofertilizing formulations compete with other microorganisms in the soil and can hamper the appearance of crop pests
and Probiotics led by Dr. Gregor Reid studied how microbes could protect against environmental health damage in poor parts of the world.
As fast growing microbes fungi adapt rapidly to antifungal treatments and so we need to develop new fungicides all the time.
and Genomics (CBGP UPM-INIA) has shown that by the contact of a plant with a strain of the Colletotrichum tofieldiae microorganism previously isolated this plant can increase the number size
n from CBGP focuses her work on these microorganism-plant symbiotic relationships. Researchers have found that by applying a composition that contains Colletotrichum tofieldiae a non-pathogenic fungus for the Arabidopsis thaliana model plant this plant can produce bigger seeds without substantially affecting its vegetative growth.
In other words the application of this microorganism can produce an efficient usage of the plant resources.
#Microbes in Central park soil: If they can make it there, they can make it anywheresoil microbes that thrive in the deserts rainforests prairies
and forests of the world can also be found living beneath New york city's Central park according to a surprising new study led by Colorado State university and the University of Colorado Boulder.
and Sciences later this month said Ramirez's work uncovered another melting pot of diversity in New york city--within the soil of Central park. The soil microbes in Central park benefit us benefit soil health
But microbes appear to be concerned more about the environment in the soil such as the acidity
But that doesn't seem to be true for the microbes living in the soil.
#Plants prepackage beneficial microbes in their seedsplants have a symbiotic relationship with certain bacteria. These'commensal'bacteria help the pants extract nutrients
The researchers from the University of Notre dame presented their findings at the 5th ASM Conference on Beneficial Microbes.
Over the past 10 years researchers already suspected that microorganisms trapped inside truffle fruiting bodies contributed to the flavour.
and microorganisms has evolved and how this benefits both symbiotic partners. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Goethe-Universitã¤t Frankfurt am Main.
#Search for better biofuels microbes leads to human gutscientists have scoured cow rumens and termite guts for microbes that can efficiently break down plant cell walls for the production of next-generation biofuels
but some of the best microbial candidates actually may reside in the human lower intestine researchers report.
Their study reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences is the first to use biochemical approaches to confirm the hypothesis that microbes in the human gut can digest fiber breaking it down into simple sugars
The human microbes appear to be endowed with enzymes that break down a complex plant fiber component more efficiently than the most efficient microbes found in the cow rumen the researchers report.
Their work in cows led the researchers to the human microbes said University of Illinois animal sciences
In looking for biofuels microbes in the cow rumen we found that Prevotella bryantii a bacterium that is known to efficiently break down (the plant fiber) hemicellulose gears up production of one gene more than others
When searching a database for similar genes in other organisms the researchers found them in microbes from the human gut.
The team focused on two of these human microbes Bacteroides intestinalis and Bacteroides ovatus which belong to the same bacterial phylum as Prevotella from the cow.
The study points to human microbes as a potentially potent source of microbes that can aid in biofuels production Cann said.
In addition to finding microbes in the cow rumen and termite gut it looks like we can actually make some contributions ourselves he said.
and gut microbes influence processes from digestion to disease resistance. Despite the fact that tropical forests are the most biodiverse terrestrial ecosystems on the planet more is known about bellybutton bacteria than bacteria on trees in the tropics.
Just as people are realizing that microbes carried by humans can have an influence on a person's health--positive
Plant parasitic nematodes are microorganisms that feed on the nutrients absorbed by the roots of plants;
Probiotics are live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health beneï t on the host beyond the common nutritional effects (FAO/WHO 2001).
It seems to have worked well for millions of years of protecting bees'health and honey against other harmful microorganisms.
Previous studies have suggested that microbes found in rural settings can protect from asthma. An animal skin might also be a reservoir for various kinds of microbes following similar mechanisms as has been observed in rural environments.
Our findings have confirmed that it is crucial to study further the actual microbial environment within the animal fur to confirm these associations.
when fairly strong stimuli are applied to the entire growing root says Anã who just published a review of touch in the interaction between plants and microbes in the journal Current Opinion in Plant Biology.
We are looking at much more localized tiny stimuli on a single cell that is applied by microbes.
Mechanical signaling is only part of the story--microbes and plants also communicate with chemicals says Anã.
New group of soil microorganisms can contribute to their eliminationinra research scientists in Dijon have shown that the ability of soils to eliminate N2o can mainly be explained by the diversity
and abundance of a new group of microorganisms that are capable of transforming it into atmospheric nitrogen (N2).
and abundance of a new group of microorganisms that are capable of transforming it into atmospheric nitrogen (N2).
This elimination can be achieved by microorganisms living in the soil that are able to reduce N2o into nitrogen (N2) the gas that makes up around four-fifths of the air we breathe and
Their work has shown that this variability is linked to a new group of N2o-consuming microorganisms.
and the abundance of this new group of N2o-consuming microorganisms that are important to the ability of soils to eliminate N2o explains Laurent Philippot an INRA researcher in Dijon.
Thanks to a metagenomic approach and the analysis of several hundreds of thousands of DNA sequences the scientists were also able to identify several groups of microorganisms that could act as bioindicators for the capacity of European soils to transform N2o into N2.
The team is currently working on identifying farming practices that could stimulate this new group of N2o-consuming microorganisms
All these findings underline the importance of the biodiversity of soil microorganisms to the functioning of soils
These germs are detrimental to the quality as well as the longevity of liquid preserved sperm with dire negative consequences for fertility.
and can be found in nearly all organisms as a first defence against germs. For this study synthetic cationic antimicrobial peptides were produced.
and other microbes that are sensitive to temperature and moisture. The difference between the absorption of carbon dioxide via photosynthesis by trees and the release of carbon by microbes determines the overall carbon balance of the forest.
Dr Martha Crockatt of Earthwatch said: Saprotrophic fungi control the cycling of carbon and nutrients from wood in forests and their responses to changes in microclimate driven by fragmentation
Resistant starch is fermented readily by gut microbes to produce beneficial molecules called short-chain fatty acids such as butyrate she added.
Animals release methane as a result of microorganisms that are involved in their digestive processes and nitrous oxide from decomposing manure.
#Fecal transplants let packrats eat poisonwoodrats lost their ability to eat toxic creosote bushes after antibiotics killed their gut microbes.
Woodrats that never ate the plants were able to do so after receiving fecal transplants with microbes from creosote-eaters University of Utah biologists found.
Could interspecies transplants of gut microbes help livestock expand their dining menu? Kohl says he'd like to transplant woodrat gut microbes into sheep
or goats to find out if that increases their tolerance to toxic foods. Juniper is expanding its range
Researchers previously isolated toxin-degrading microbes from herbivores but Kohl and Dearing say that until now scientists have lacked strong evidence for
Gut microbes also help some herbivores eat toxic plants. The study involved desert woodrats (Neotoma lepida)--grayish rodents native to western North american deserts.
Woodrats somehow acquired novel toxin-degrading gut microbes to adapt to climate and vegetation changes that began 17000 years ago.
but scientists believe microbes sped up their dietary adjustment. Though slow evolutionary genetic changes in herbivores play an important role in adapting to new diets.
Transfer of toxin-degrading microbes from one organism to the other is much more rapid Dearing says.
Mammals acquire microbes during birth through contact with their mother's vaginal and fecal microbes Kohl says.
Other possible places to get microbes include leaf surfaces the soil or feces that woodrats collect from other animals.
and Mojave deserts had higher proportions of gut microbes that might detoxify creosote while juniper-eating woodrats from the Great Basin had a different set of gut bacteria.
In the first experiment the scientists studied the relative abundances of gut-microbe genes in two groups of the creosote-eating Mojave woodrats.
Gut microbes were removed from the foreguts of both woodrat groups. DNA was isolated from the microbes to identify genes involved in detoxification.
The scientists found that a woodrat's diet determines the composition of its gut microbes.
Mammals are adapted to the plant toxins they eat Kohl says. The guts of creosote-fed woodrats were teeming with microbes that may degrade creosote
while the guts of creosote-free woodrats had only one-fourth the levels of the same gut microbes.
In the second experiment the researchers experimentally removed gut microbes to highlight their dietary role in woodrats.
Antibiotics kill about 90 percent of the gut microbes in animals severely impairing their ability to consume toxic foods.
Two groups of woodrats were pretreated with the antibiotic neomycin in their drinking water. One group was placed on a diet of rabbit chow and creosote resin.
With their gut microbes killed by the antibiotic they were unable to feed on creosote and lost 10 percent of their body weight within 13 days.
and didn't lose weight showing that killing their gut microbes didn't harm them because they weren't eating toxic creosote.
In the third experiment the biologists essentially sped up evolution by using fecal transplants to quickly change populations of microbes living in the woodrats'guts.
and showed that acquiring new microbes indeed helped woodrats adopt new diets. Woodrats naturally eat their own and other woodrats'feces.
--and thus gut microbes--from creosote eaters juniper eaters persisted for 11 days on the creosote diet without losing much weight.
Yet 65 percent of the juniper eaters that ate feces of other juniper eaters didn't gain microbes that detoxify creosote
They ate as much as the woodrats that were fed feces with creosote-detoxifying microbes. Instead Kohl and co-authors found that
when woodrats didn't get transplants of creosote-detoxifying microbes their urine was more acidic suggesting their livers expended a lot of energy to degrade creosote toxins.
But in juniper eaters that consumed the feces of creosote eaters their newly acquired gut microbes likely detoxified most of the creosote taking the burden off of liver enzymes.
or vegetables to eliminate microorganisms. Cassia cinnamon is produced primarily in Indonesia and has a stronger smell than the other common cinnamon variety Ceylon.
#Livestock gut microbes contributing to greenhouse gas emissionsincreased to levels unprecedented is how the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) described the rise of carbon dioxide methane and nitrous oxide emissions in their report on the physical science basis
and specialized analysis techniques to explore the contents of the rumens of sheep in collaboration with NZ's Agresearch Limited to see what role ruminant microbiomes (the microbes living in the rumen) play in this process.
--but mostly transcriptional regulation within the existing microbes that makes the difference which is a concept that is relatively new in metagenomic studies Rubin said.
The research team discovered the killer fungus in their initial attempts to generate microbe-free poison ivy seedlings to use in their studies.
Nitrogen-based fertilizers spur greenhouse gas emissions by stimulating microbes in the soil to produce more nitrous oxide.
because warmer temperatures increase the activity levels of the decomposer organisms such as microbes that break down dead organic matter.
whether absorbed by the microbes growing on the wood or directly into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide.
Natural microbe inhibits rice blast fungusa fungus that kills an estimated 30 percent of the world's rice crop may finally have met its match thanks to a research discovery made by scientists at the University of Delaware
and soil sciences in UD's College of Agriculture and Natural resources has identified a naturally occurring microbe living right in the soil around rice plants--Pseudomonas chlororaphis EA105--that inhibits the devastating fungus known as rice blast.
What's more the beneficial soil microbe also induces a system-wide defense response in rice plants to battle the fungus.
Thanks to DNA sequencing techniques Bais says that identifying the various microorganisms in soil is easy.
But understanding the role of each of those microorganisms is a continuing story. A natural control for a deadly funguseveryone knows what's there
but we don't know what they are doing Bais says of the microbes. To home in on the source of the antifungal impact Bais
The soil microbe reduced the formation of the anchor-like appressoria by nearly 90 percent while also inhibiting fungal growth by 76 percent.
Applying a natural soil microbe as an antifungal treatment versus chemical pesticides offers multiple benefits to farmers
Bais who also has conducted multiple studies with beneficial microbes in the Bacillus family envisions a day
when farmers will treat plants with a magic cocktail of microbes naturally found in soil to help boost their immunity and growth.
a miniscule skeleton shrimp from Santa catalina Island in California a single-celled protist that does a credible imitation of a sponge a clean room microbe that could be a hazard during space travel and a teensy fringed fairyfly named Tinkerbell.
The top 10 is designed to bring attention to the unsung heroes addressing the biodiversity crisis by working to complete an inventory of earth's plants animals and microbes.
Clean room Microbes: Alien Invaders? Tersicoccus phoenicis Location: Florida U s a. and French guiana There are some things we don't want to send into space
and the newly discovered clean room microbes are among them. Found in rooms where spacecraft are assembled this microbial species could potentially contaminate other planets that the spacecraft visit.
While frequent sterilization reduces the microbes found in clean rooms some resistant species persist that can tolerate extreme dryness;
Surprising relationships between diet and hormones that suppress eatingby comparing how gut microbes from human vegetarians
and red pandas have different digestive microbes a finding with important implications for conservation efforts and captive animal rearing.
if there were similarities in the microbes that digest this plant-based diet. To investigate the microbes Williams collected fecal samples from two giant pandas and one red panda at the Memphis Zoo.
The team also obtained samples from a red panda at the National Zoo. Williams used advanced genetic sequencing techniques to determine what gastrointestinal bacteria were present.
The procedure revealed all microbes in the fecal matter including some that were known not Johnson said.
Study of these microbes may have unrealized potential for agriculture biomass digestion for bioenergy crops or other discovery research applications.
Fecal samples from both species were dominated by plant material which impeded identification of the microbes.
A student at the University of Wisconsin-Madison developed a method to remove this plant material allowing the digestive microbes to be identified clearly.
Our results revealed significant differences between the microbes found in the two panda species Johnson said.
While they have some similar microbes in their digestive tracts each panda species has a different dominant microbe present.
and giant pandas a greater understanding of the digestive microbes will assist in maintaining captive panda populations housed at zoos Williams said.
From the production of milk to the ripening of cheeses in different environments a wide range of microorganisms have an opportunity to develop.
Microorganisms native to raw milk whose metabolic potentials differ from those of commercial strains may enable the more intense and complex development of aromatic compounds.
or decomposed by microorganisms. To reduce losses and prevent pollution farmers can more carefully target fertilizer application to plants'needs using soil measurements.
The sediment operates as a chemical filter in that microbes in the sand gravel and mud gobble up compounds such as oxygen
and fresh water and be acutely toxic to aquatic microorganisms and fish. It is not only the cigarette ingredients that harm the environment
While farmers and agricultural scientists have used long microbes to prevent plant diseases we now have the opportunity to add a naturally-occurring microbe to a crop in the field with the goal of preventing human disease says Zheng.
In addition the microorganisms do not have the opportunity to regrow. Cutter conceded that pullulan films are not as oxygen-impermeable as plastic packaging now used to package meats so the edible films are not likely to replace that material.
and fossil fuel use as well as natural sources such as microbes in saturated wetland soils. The amount of atmospheric methane has remained relatively stable for about a decade
We have shown that one microbe can grow on both methane and propane at a similar rate.
These microbes may play an important role in mitigating the effects of methane and other gases before they have a chance to escape into the atmosphere.
For example areas where high levels of methane and propane are released could benefit from an environment rich in these microbes which live naturally in soil.
The study published this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences reveals new targets during the battle between microbe
The research examines a key moment in the relationship between microbe and host when a microbe recognizes a host as a potential target
and employs its molecular machinery to pierce it injecting its contents into the plant's cells--a crucial step in infecting an organism.
We know that microbes can disguise themselves by altering the proteins or molecules that the plant uses to recognize the bacteria as a strategy for evading detection said Peck associate professor of biochemistry at the University of Missouri
The same molecular machinery employed by Pseudomonas syringae is used also by a host of microbes to cause diseases that afflict people including salmonella the plague respiratory disease and chlamydia.
Also a better understanding of the signals that microbes use helps scientists who rely on such organisms for converting materials like switchgrass and wood chips into useable fuel.
The concept of another layer of interaction between host and microbe provides an additional conceptual strategy for how resistance might be manipulated.
Gene transfer enables genes to jump between microorganisms that are related not and it occurs in most environments that host bacteria.
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