Microorganism

Archaea (24)
Bacteria (2589)
Microorganism (628)
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Virus (367)

Synopsis: Microorganisms: Microorganism:

Psychologist Paul Rozin, of the University of Pennsylvania, argues that our disgust response reduces the likelihood of ingesting disease-causing microorganisms in decayed meat, faeces, vomit, or blood.

Since germs are transmissible by contact it is not surprising that something that touches a yucky substance is itself forever yucky,

The use of antiseptics against germs took decades to catch on, whereas the use of anaesthetics took just months.

and numerous food-borne disease outbreaks caused by microbes such as salmonella, E coli strain 0157, toxoplasma and listeria.

and their leaf litter feeds the acidic soils that nurture networks of microorganisms, such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria,

Indeed, architects are already proposing that microorganisms may power our cities. For example, Alberto Estevez's Genetic Barcelona proposes using synthetic biology techniques

In the near future our buildings may also be grown by industrial-strength microorganisms. Some of these may form the basis of self-healing materials such as, Henk Jonkers'biocrete,

the value of harnessing the transformational powers of communities of microorganisms, called bioprocessing, is being realised in wastewater gardens.

The rise in allergies and inflammatory diseases may not necessarily be caused by a general lack of microbes in hygienic environments,

but also had significantly different gut microbes post-infection. He is currently enrolling ulcerative colitis patients to repeat the experiment in humans.

Microorganisms, for example, can degrade our waste, but not at a rate that matches our production.

the life force or germs now found in the heart of the corn, in the kernel of wheat,

a disintegration that is assisted by microorganisms, insects and lichen. This organic matter decays, feeding more organisms, including, in time, plants.

and attracts microorganisms, worms and insects, which help maintain soil fertility and provide ecosystem services.

#Tips on How to Germ-Proof Your Kitchen From Scary Foodborne Illnesses Most people cant help

I keep a little hydrogen peroxide on my sink to wash down surfaces where any dangerous germs could lurk.

but still cost-conscious, ways to germ-proof your kitchen. USE PASTEURIZED EGGS If you are not willing to give up soft-boiled eggs

Sweden, worked with an international team of researchers to generate the novel microorganism. She said,

Over the next decades, hundreds of animals resting metabolisms were measured or estimated, from microbes to whales.

because of the germs they might contain. Surviving on insects when you cant cook them is one thing;

The Sterishoe shoe sanitiser is clinically proven to destroy microorganisms in shoes using ultraviolet light. It is recommended by doctors as a chemical-free method to kill bacteria in shoes, reducing shoe odor and risk of infection from athletes foot.

After 45 minutes up to 99.9 per cent of the harmful microbes that can cause offensive shoe odor are destroyed.

operates at wavelengths that spark chemical reactions in germs, neutralising them and making them non-threatening.

and helping conduct research on how to rewrite the metabolic pathways of microorganisms to produce useful substances.

Actually they will rot given the right conditions#water and warmth for the microbes that break the food down.

and numerous food-borne disease outbreaks caused by microbes such as salmonella, E coli strain 0157, toxoplasma and listeria.

germ-killing cleanliness of the developed world may actually be making us more prone to getting sick

(and presumably more germs) were less likely to have allergies and eczema. Since then the theory has been cited as a possible explanation for everything from multiple sclerosis to hay fever and autism.

They rely on early encounters with germs to learn how to protect our bodies.##oebacteria, fungi, lots of these things we think of as bad#they re all part of our environment,

Through exposure to these microbes early in life, your immune system learns what s harmful and

If your body learns that a specific microbe or substance#any antigen, or visitor to the body#is a foe,

or if it doesn t include the right microbes. The immune system can become overly sensitive,

changing a population s exposure to microbes#by protecting them from parasitic diseases, for example#can make asthma rates rise.

and the microbes that come with them; they were more likely to drink raw milk, which contains microbes not found in pasteurized milk;

and they tended to have more siblings at home. Because each of these factors has been associated with reduced risk of allergies and related diseases,

Parasites and disease-causing microbes have shown also a protective effect, but again it s not clear

which microbes are doing the protecting. A 2007 study that compared genetically related children living in Finland

H. pylori bacteria and other microbes associated with poor hygiene practices#were far less likely to have allergies.

But we may want to rethink our relationship with germs, she says.##oeknowing what I know about the hygiene hypothesis,

and the engineering of energy-producing microbes, #says Luciano Marraffini of Rockefeller University. The biotech revolution that created drugs like EPO for anemia

Babies have legions of microbes that set up shop in their guts, skin, and more right from birth.

These microbes are vital. They help the growing human to digest its food, and to keep harmful microbes away.

They are so important that newborns temporarily suppress their own immune system to give their microbial partners a chance to establish themselves.

Her vaginal secretions provide her child with a starter pack of microbes. And her breast milk contains special sugars that seem to selectively nourish the gut bacteria that infants need.

Now, Eric Rogier from the University of Kentucky has found a milk antibody called SIGA also helps to set up the right community of gut microbes.

And some of these microbes ended up in unexpected places. As a mouse grows up,

its gut microbes interact with its own gut cells to create a sealed barrier that keeps foreign material out of the deeper intestinal tissue.

the host s own biology, their microbes, and environmental factors like food-borne illnesses that can trigger inflammation.

For example, it contains its own microbes. Lisa Funkhouser and Seth Bordenstein have speculated that the lymphatic system conveys bacteria from a mother s guts into her mammary glands,

could they then pass on different microbes to their own offspring, when the time comes for them to produce milk?

Teachers parents of teenagers and anyone attending classes themselves have to worry about those dreaded back-to-school germs.

Top 7 Germs in Food that Make You Sick 1. Review hygiene basics. Kids are sometimes in such a rush to play that they forget to wash their hands.

which ultimately provides fewer benefits for humans. 2. Preserve the rainforests Rainforests are vital reservoirs of plants animals and microbes.

Fermentation scientists or zymologists study how these microorganisms can be used in fermentation processes such as beer brewing.

and other germs that can give you bad breath.</</p><p>So after you&#39;

and can also easily spread germs around. Covering up also prevents<a href=http://www. livescience. com/3686-gross-science-cough-sneeze. html>germ-laden droplets from getting launched</a>into the air where they can land on frequently touched surfaces

and infect others.</</p><p>This simple technique is not only good advice for adults and kids to remember during cold and flu season but it&#39;

</p><p>The toilet seat may seem like the most germ-ridden item in the home

It beats out other germ-laden locations such as the kitchen sink pet bowl and shower drain.</

</p><p>To stop the spread of germs and sanitize your sponge make sure it&#39;

and fought microbes due to its antiseptic properties. Pollen grains were numerous with about 1400 grains per gram seen in the tablets.

 Top 7 Germs in Food that Make You Sick Some of these bacteria come from mother's skin

and through breast-feeding infants make some of their first contact with beneficial microorganisms that will colonize their body.

and it teems with earthworms beneficial insects and microorganisms. The change is due to several key farming practices including cover cropping and no-till farming

The microbe is known famously to infect rats and change their behavior causing them to be less afraid of the smell of cat urine.

</p><p></p><p>A new type of microbe has been found at a lake buried under Antarctica's thick ice according to news reports.

</p><p>A sample of Mars drilled from a rock by NASA's Curiosity rover and then studied by onboard instruments shows ancient Mars could have supported living microbes NASA officials announced today (March 12) in a statement and press conference.</

<a href=http://www. livescience. com/27841-ancient-mars-microbes-curiosity-rover. html target=blank>Wow!

and balances to the soil microbes'carbon dioxide emissions. In the northern part of the U s. forests rely on a layer of litter to regulate the temperature moisture and nutrient content of the soil.

and carbon stabilization of a batch of soil with just microbes and compared that with a batch of soil with microbes and earthworms.

They found that earthworm-stocked soil releases no more carbon dioxide than soil with microbes alone. In fact the earthworms excreted carbon that stuck in the ground rather than releasing it into the air.

and other microbes in medical tubing could greatly reduce a patient's risk of infection.

And at the base of this tree some have imagined there sits a mild-mannered microbe that lived more than 3 billion years ago unaware that its genes would be the starting point of an entire planet's worth of highly differentiated life.

For more than 30 years a consortium of researchers has examined how genetic variation in the cottonwood tree can affect entire communities of organisms from microbes to mammals.

A carnitine connection Two years ago Hazen and his research team discovered that microorganisms in the intestines can convert substances found in choline a common dietary fat to a by-product known as TMAO trimethylamine-N-oxide.

Raw milk is milk that has not been pasteurized (heated to kill germs and then cooled quickly).

Top 7 Germs in Food that Make You Sick The researchers noted that their study is limited in several ways by the data available to them.

Top 7 Germs in Food that Make You Sick Over the past decade consumption of raw milk has resulted in 93 illness outbreaks 1837 illnesses 195 hospitalizations and two deaths according to the Centers for Disease

and microbes adjacent to rice roots can be used to block the arsenic uptake. Bais first identified the bacterial species in soil samples taken from California rice fields.

Once a boat enters the water microorganisms begin accumulating on its surfaces creating a significant amount of drag and a big mess.

but for giant container ships the drag created by microorganisms in particular single-celled silica-shelled organisms called diatoms results in a significant amount of fuel loss every year.

Holly Menninger a scientist at North carolina State university who coordinates the citizen-science project Wild Life of Our Homes has started recently studying how humans'relationships with microbes have changed over evolutionary time from primitive to modern homes

Or scientists could genetically engineer insect-resistant plants or microbes that produce these toxins. The breakthrough discovery that spider toxins can have oral activity has implications not only for their use as bioinsecticides

Marshall drank a culture containing the microbe H. pylori to prove the bacteria cause stomach ulcers.

If they made it there alive this is one way microorganisms can travel and meet each other Van Eaton told Livescience's Ouramazingplanet.

If the work is done to characterize the kinds of microbes that are unique to an area then it could give you a biogenic fingerprint for your eruption deposits.

Researchers think the mudstone formed in a place where water was calm such as a lake perhaps an ideal place for microbes to survive

Curiosity's 7 Biggest Achievements (So Far) If you re a microbe that is trying to get a hold on a place to live you don t necessarily want to be living in churning water;

Most grain contains inedible chaff (fed to animals) bran (the oil-rich outer layer) germ (the grain seed's nutrient-rich embryo) and the endosperm (the starchy center.

Like humans dogs can suffer from gastrointestinal issues including upset stomach nausea bloating and illness from pathogenic microbes.

Also there are no standardized amounts of microbes or minimum levels required in foods or supplements. 2. Mild side effects are possible.

and species but will not include a microbe count. Labels on supplements should specify the genus species and strain in that order.

Microbe counts are listed as colony-forming units (CFU) which are the number of live organisms in a single dose typically in the billions.

#In Africa, Anthrax Lures Animals to Their Death Areas contaminated with anthrax germs lure grazing animals like zebras

Grazing animals on the other hand are thought to get anthrax by ingesting the microbe. Scientists investigated zebra carcasses over a 115-square-mile 300 square kilometers) area at Etosha National park in Namibia from 2010 to 2013.

Those species do tend to move germs from one place to another but they're not parasites.

With microbes evolving as they do we can be certain it will happen again. Hugh Pennington does not work for consult to own shares in

#Lost Microbes are Eroding Amazon s Ability to Capture Carbon (Op-Ed) This article was published originally at The Conversation.

There are 100 million microorganisms in a single gram of forest soil making them the largest repository in the world of novel genes.

These microbes are essential to nutrient recycling. They decompose dead organic matter through a process called mineralisation releasing mineral nutrients that plants absorb through their roots allowing the forest to grow.

Large amounts of nitrogen are needed to achieve the Amazon s role as a carbon Sink in the rainforest that comes primarily from the natural process of nitrogen fixation performed by microbes called diazotrophs.

But up until now no one has looked at how the function of these microbes changes when a rainforest is converted to a pasture something that is happening at an alarming rate in many parts of the Amazon.

The results imply that there is still time to conserve the immense genetic diversity of microbes as sources of new antibiotics and absorbers of carbon dioxide.

Also using our results we can start devising new methods to aid the recovery of disturbed ecosystems imagine a cocktail of microbes added for ecosystem restoration.

in the Amazon the invisible microbes do as much as the now-disappearing trees to help our environment.

The microorganisms feed on the plant-derived sugars and produce PHA. The PHA is separated then from the bacteria

That was probably the most heroic event in our beekeeping saga to date says evolutionary biologist Nancy Moran a professor at the University of Texas at Austin who studies symbiosis particularly among multicellular hosts and microbes.

Understanding the gut microbes in bees Today the broad aim of her research is to understand the diversity

Gut microbes very plausibly play a role in host resistance to these things and also in improving nutrition.

Experts define probiotics as live microorganisms which confer health benefits when present in adequate amounts.

Blue cheese may have lots of really neat microbes in it and it might be source of live microbes

but you can't really call it a probiotic until some research shows that there is a benefit associated with it she said.

We thought that the term'probiotics'had to be reserved for the microbes associated with fermented products that have been defined

because they involve an undefined mixture of microbes. Does yogurt contain probiotics? The standard bacteria used for making yogurt are studied well

The beneficial microbes that convert milk into yogurt and act in people's guts to promote digestive health cause big problems in ethanol fermentation tanks.

The signs of life these rocks contain are not fossils of actual microbes but chemical signatures in the rock:

Instead the bony nodule held the DNA signature of the bacterium Brucella melitensis the microbe that causes brucellosis.

and waste from plants and animals and a vast population of microbes. Together they are known as soil organic matter.

and methane when the matter is degraded by soil microbes. The extent to which carbon is determined by its susceptibility to microbial degradation.

Simply put kudzu leaves and stems are easy for microbes to degrade pine needles and stems are not.

That is kudzu material primes#the soil microbes to be more effective at degrading the plant material in the soil including that previously contributed by pines.

or other microorganisms and then ferment it until fats formed. Combining these fats with hydrogen would create complex hydrocarbons

The hard part will be finding the most suitable microorganisms and perfecting the fermentation process. Relying on this type of fuel could also save money.

and microbes Quentin Wheeler the president of the college said in a statement. Each year a small dedicated community of taxonomists and curators substantively improves our understanding of the diversity of life and the wondrous ways in

Scientists found another new species a mysterious microbe living where it shouldn't have been. Tersicoccus phoenicis was discovered in clean rooms

and other measures used to scrub clean rooms of their microbes. Another mini-newcomer is a Penicillium fungus Penicillium vanoranjei

The microbe species found in the ancient plaque were remarkably similar to ones found in modern mouths the researchers said.

and Filifactor alocis and these microbes were all present on the teeth of the skeletons with dental disease.

Radiation is known to have harmful effects on microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. Recent research has found that radiation therapy can cause severe complications in cancer patients by reducing the populations of helpful bacteria in the intestines.

#oeit s a microorganism the concept of putting a virus on foods is initially hard to swallow

because the germ and bran components of the grain remain intact which also means that it retains the nutrients from these components.

White rice has been stripped of the germ and bran but it is enriched often with B vitamins. So there are some benefits to white rice

Instead makers likely fermented this cheese using microbes such as Lactobacillus and Saccharomycetaceae yeasts which are used commonly to make the still-popular fermented dairy beverage known as kefir.

The World health organization defines probiotics as live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host.

How do these microorganisms eat? Well the answer is they eat what you eat. Your dietary choices can determine

Probiotics are microorganisms that have a beneficial effect on their host. They promote intestinal function

I asked a research scientist who had been investigating these microorganisms for some time if he believed they really improve gastrointestinal health and if so

which could reflect the heavy load of microbes she carries in her four-chambered stomach.

meaning that methane is produced by microbes underwater as they help to decay any flooded organic matter.

claims to have engineered microorganisms whose enzymes can break cellulose down into simple sugars and immediately convert those into ethanol.

An international team has sequenced the DNA of the microorganism that was to blame. Phytophthora infestans, the water mould that causes late blight in potatoes,

For microbes 25%is a lot, says Nusbaum. The variability of these regions suggest that they are quickly evolving,

The US government should grade microorganisms and toxins according to their risk as potential biothreat agents,

which suggests that a lack of exposure to microbes in early life can affect development of the immune system and increase susceptibility to certain disorders, such as allergies and inflammatory bowel disease.

says that the results provide the first direct link between early exposure to microbes, immune health and gene expression (I e.

Kelly's team also found that the differences in gut microbes affected the expression of genes associated with the piglets'immune systems.

and the similarities between the microorganisms found in their guts, makes pigs good model animals for such studies.

Altered microbe makes biofuel: Nature Newsin a bid to overcome the drawbacks of existing biofuels,

and not by microbes native to the region in which the truffle grows, as many researchers had thought.

When the International Census of Marine Microbes (ICOMM) kicked off in 2003 microbiologists had identified 6,

000 kinds of microbe and predicted that they might find as many as 600,000. But the latest analyses indicate that the oceans are home to at least 20 million types,

and analyse whether the breed affects the composition of microorganisms in the soil. These plants will grow side by side with another GM banana variety developed at the laboratory,

or funguslike microorganism, that destroys both the tuber and its leaves continues to be a major problem for farmers.

Business Biofuel offering Gevo, a company that genetically modifies microbes to produce chemicals from plant sugars,

Goulding and his team are studying the soil microbes that convert nitrogen (from nitrogen-based fertilizers) into nitrous oxide,

In particular, they hope to manage the microbes, or their genes, so that less nitrogen is lost from the soil.

Once the bacteria are out in the environment say in manure they are fed on by other microbes

The toxins kill the other microbes, giving these bacteria an advantage. Not only are more E coli strains being infected with Shiga toxin,

Maryland, is the brainchild of Gary Stacey, an expert in host-microbe interactions in plants at the University of Missouri in Columbia.

and labelled with claims that consuming these microorganisms can be good for your health. But a study published today shows that such yoghurts have only subtle effects on the bacteria already in the gut

the team showed that the yoghurt microbes neither took up residence in the volunteers'guts,

who harbour tens of trillions of gut microbes in their intestines, he says. Mcnulty also fed the five bacterial strains from the yoghurt to'gnotobiotic'mice animals raised

so that the only microorganisms that their guts contain are 15 species found in humans. As with the twins, the yoghurt bacteria did not change the composition of the rodents'resident communities.

Gordon now wants to find out exactly how the ingested microbes influence the entrenched ones. These are very dynamic systems with a lot of cross-talk,

Microbes help giant pandas overcome meat-eating heritage: Nature Newsgiant pandas don't digest bamboo by themselves. Microorganisms in their guts may help the endangered animals to subsist on plants

despite a gut that is better suited to eating meat, finds an analysis published this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences1.

for example, cows and other ruminants have complicated digestive systems involving multiple stomachs filled with microbes that process plants many times to extract the maximum nutrition.

and neither produce the enzymes necessary to digest cellulose nor harbour the same microbes as ruminants.

A broad survey of animal gut microbes found that pandas'microorganisms resembled those of black bears, polar bears and other meat-eaters3.

and his colleagues took a closer look at the microbes that live in the guts of giant pandas1.

and lifestyles the captive pandas eat a more diverse diet that includes fruit and milk they tended to harbour similar microbe species in their guts.

These microbes are part of a suite of evolutionary adaptations alongside powerful jaws and teeth, and pseudo-thumbs, bones that allow them to grip plant stalks that help pandas to live on bamboo,

Plant Microbe Interact. 20,717-726; 2007). ) A product of more than a decade of homegrown research, the bean could begin appearing on tables across the country as early as 2014.

which is a complex polysaccharide and tricky for microbes to digest.""The carbohydrates are compared rather exotic to traditional terrestrial sources like corn

So using Vibrio splendidus, a marine microbe that can digest brown seaweed, Yoshikuni and his team isolated a biochemical pathway that breaks down alginate.

which microbes acquire resistance to the drugs. On 4 january, the agency banned unapproved uses of cephalosporins in cattle, pigs,

) Although it is accepted widely that overusing antibiotics can be a major driver of resistance in microbes,

Synbio troubles US synthetic biology firm Amyris which engineers microbes to process plant sugars into useful chemicals saw its share price plunge by 28%on 10 february,

also said that it would not use its own microbe vats to produce synthetic fuels,

This'deep sequencing'technique has been used to characterize mixtures of microbes living in environments such as oceans and animal guts.

The USDA and the agrochemical industry are looking into the use of the natural chemical defences of plants and microbes to control weeds.

has underestimated the risk that livestock will be exposed to microbes escaping from the facility. The largely critical review suggests that the proposed National Bio-and Agro-Defense Facility (NBAF),

No native microbes were found by an early analysis of the ice on the drill used by a Russian team to penetrate Lake Vostok, a body of water buried deep under Antarctica s ice, in February.

The plan reflects the reality that"this little microorganism is really getting the better of us,

including, for example, permitted levels of microbes in irrigation water. SOURCE: NIHSUCCESS rates stuck The success rate for grant applicants to the US National institutes of health (NIH) remained unchanged at a historic low of 18%in 2012 (see graph),

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