Vegetation & plants

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Synopsis: Plants: Vegetation & plants:

We tend to think that we can deal with the challenge of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere by planting more vegetation,

the local climate, vegetation, patterns of rain and snowfall, and mountain topography are deemed all natural assets that create a new perspective

 Rather than relying on assumptions about the role of urban vegetation in improving the environment and health,

the design team Koetter Kim suggested cooling towers could be replaced by recirculating water through green space such as wetlands, walls of vegetation, agriculture and fountains.

There are no more infertile stretches of asphalt sprawled over our urban rooftops but an expanse of vegetation

archaeologists Arlen and Diane Chase slogged through the thick undergrowth in the west of Belize in search of an ancient city

and study forests and other vegetation. He suggested they give it a go. So, in 2009, the pair packed away their machetes

particularly those covered in dense vegetation. The technology has been used in a variety of ways over the last two decades,

Crucially, some of the laser light is also able to penetrate vegetation. So, in the case of areas covered in a forest canopy

as we convert vast tracts of wild vegetation to agricultural or grazing areas, for example. Fishing on an industrial scale to provide for billions has altered dramatically marine diversity.

however, inappropriate flooding of vegetation can cause greenhouse gas emissions and poison the water for fish.

The rotting vegetation recycles nutrients and attracts microorganisms, worms and insects, which help maintain soil fertility

British researchers have shown already that tobacco plants engineered to express more SBPASE grew 10%larger in a glasshouse.

You can see the effects of global warming in a new high-resolution map that shows carbon locked up in tropical forest vegetation

#Student in Kenya Invents Solar Powered Forest fire Detector Kenya Forest Services workers use branches to put out a fire at Karura forest in Nairobi.

A Kenyan student has invented a device to automatically detect forest fire outbreaks. The technology, produced by Pascal Katana, a 24-year-old University of Nairobi engineering student,

which suffered widespread forest fires last year as a result of prolonged drought. oe2009 was the worst period for us in terms of fire outbreaks

what we in terms of technology and equipment to fight forest fires, he said. Fires in Kenya last year destroyed 11,370 hectares of bush and forest land.

Noor called the new fire reporting device a potentially useful part of Kenyas effort to keep forest fires in check. oethis is an interesting invention

which the government should support given the damage forest fires do to our ecosystems, he said.

Ultra high tech farms of the future will generate exotic half-plant, half-animal vegetation as well as crystalline plants, air plants,

and optimize their operating capacities to produce energy and water and by proxy vegetation. This sense of collaboration is echoed in the team of people behind the proposal:

but may have implications for forest fires and human sunburn. oethe problem of light focusing by water droplets adhered to plants has never been investigated thoroughly,

The prevailing opinion is that forest fires can be sparked by intense sunlight focused by water drops on dried-out vegetation.

While the same process could theoretically lead to forest fires if water droplets are caught on dried-out vegetation,

Horvath and colleagues added a note of caution: oeif the focal region of drops falls exactly on the dry plant surface intensely focused sunlight could theoretically start a fire,

The Dutch researchers say they plan to build a commercial-sized building in The netherlands of 1, 300 square meters (14,000 sq. feet), with four separate levels of vegetation by the end of this year.

#said Mark Underwood, a Michigan lawn care specialist. Weve never experienced anything like this.##The herbicide is suspected of killing Norway spruce and white pine trees en mass all over the country.

but the steady precipitation results in lush vegetation, earning Seattle the nickname the Emerald City#and serving up plenty of locally grown goodness.

back yard and indoor vegetation has become a new experience. The health benefits go beyond just small amounts of food, to improving air quality, the natural environment and providing healthy exercise.

And that doesnt include the carbon emissions released during forest fires. The scientists believe that if droughts of this magnitude continue at this frequency,

The 50 species (of bumblebees) in the United states are associated traditionally with prairies and with high alpine vegetations#

If planted on the ground the total vegetation would cover an area of 10,000 square meters.

#Researchers calculated projected levels of surface ozone concentration, a powerful air pollutant that is not only harmful to human health (particularly to the respiratory system) but also damages vegetation by damaging plant cells and inhibiting

#Clever modular hydroponics system An indoor garden can improve air quality, make you more productive, and, of course, add a lovely touch of green to an otherwise drab office cubicle or apartment.

#Proposal to Eliminate Forest fires Completely Futurist Thomas Frey: Over the past few days I ve been listening to news reports about the devastating fires burning in Colorado.

Drones specifically designed for extinguishing forest fires have the potential to eliminate virtually 100%of the devastating fires that blanket newspaper headlines every summer.

Naturally there s a downside to eliminating forest fires altogether so how should we proceed? The True Cost of Forest fires In 2012 the U s. Forest Service had a budget of $948 million for fire suppression, a decrease of nearly $500 million from 2011.

In the U s.,wildfires burned an average of 6. 9 million acres per year from 2002-2011,

A 2010 report titled#oethe True Cost of Wildfire in the Western U s.#published by the Western Forestry Leadership Coalition challenged traditional methods for calculating the cost of forest fires.

I can only assume today s technology is hundreds of times more precise than anything we were working with back then. 2007 NASA image of forest fires in California The above photo was infrared taken with thermal imaging sensors on NASA s Ikhana unmanned research

That same technology could be adjusted to detect forest fires at a very early stage. Thermal image of Boston Bombing suspect Dzhokhar Tsarnaev hiding in a boat Massachusetts State Police released video taken of Boston bombing suspect Dzhokhar Tsarnaev s

Designers have come up with ideas that cover the walls with vegetation and give them an all new life.

you will see that the area around that watering point looks as brown and devoid of vegetation as the top of this table,

you can encompass a soil type, a vegetation situation, a poisonous plant, or whatever, much better than you can

For us, just the thought of looking out the window to see the shrubbery sneaking across the lawn on robotic legs is enough to have us scrambling for our wallets.

and chomping on vegetation hunter-gatherers are thought to have walked 9 or more kilometers (5. 6 miles) every day Lieberman said.

The team plans to return to the Mendenhall Glacier to dig through sediment in search of pine needles associated with the trees along with other vegetation.

#Arctic Going Green from Warming, Study Finds Large swaths of the Arctic tundra will be warm enough to support lush vegetation

About half the areas will see vegetation change and areas currently populated by shrubs may find woody trees taking their place.

To find out exactly how much greening Arctic warming would bring the team used a model that projected how temperature changes would affect snow cover vegetation and the increased evaporation and transpiration from plants in the Arctic.

The tree line would also shift north with coniferous forests sprouting where shrubs once grew. Most of the greening was driven by the loss of reflectivity or albedo from snow cover.

and track down other food sources from vegetation and grasses. The study reveals something interesting about the way scientists might operate.

and dries out before native vegetation does a continuous carpet of fuel for fires. An NSF-funded study conducted by Balch

In addition cheatgrass burned twice as frequently as any other vegetation. The Heat is On Another factor promoting increased wildfires in the western U s. is climate change

In fact fires that people intentionally start to clear land of vegetation currently contribute up to one-fifth of human-caused increases in carbon dioxide emissions according to a study conducted by Balch and other scientists.

and space involving weather conditions local winds landscape features microclimates day-tonight changes in atmospheric conditions soil moisture and the types and distribution of vegetation.

and condition of surviving vegetation plant species ash cover soil properties and other factors are being incorporated into high-definition 3-D images as well as other types of rich ecological data covering the study area.

and severity of the fire and how the fire's burn patterns are affecting recovery of vegetation wildlife and water resources.

or decaying vegetation do the work for them. The chicks when they finally hatch are quite mature;

and vegetation zones begin to shift northward within this century as predicated by climate scientists vineyards may face more erratic crop qualities;

whereas the invasive species cheatgrass may fuel forest fires in Colorado. In other areas closely packed trees overgrown with younger saplings may provide ladder fuels that allow fire to ramp up easily Dennison said.

since overgrazing strips the Earth of vegetation. And in Africa where he was working to set up national parks in the 1950s Savory thought elephants were also to blame for the land's deterioration.

and vegetation developed alongside very large numbers of grazing animals which traveled in packs were constantly moving sometimes quite frantically

With so many dead trees available as fuel forest fires are a concern. And so are changes to the quality of drinking water.

For fighting forest fires retardants consist primarily of ammonium compounds such as ammonium phosphate ammonium sulfate and others. These compounds are used also in agricultural fertilizers.

#Drought-Weakened Trees More Likely to Die in Fires Prolonged droughts are causing more trees to die in forest fires in the western United states according to a new study that looked at decades of controlled fire data.

and intentionally set fires that altered the vegetation and created a parklike landscape he said.

and contain forest fires could become a blueprint for fire management across California. The project which was developed in an experimental forest at the University of California at Berkeley's Sagehen Creek Field Station near Lake Tahoe in California creates pockets of thinner trees in areas where the fire risk is high

But conflagrations like the recent Rim Fire California's fourth-largest wildfire in recorded history and the largest forest fire in the Sierra happen in part

because a century of fire suppression and replanting has left forests overgrown with thick underbrush

Many areas are too steep to reach with bulldozers to rip out trees said Scott Conway a vegetation management officer with the U s. Forest Service in the Tahoe National Forest who is also involved with the project.

Thanks to work by Keeley and his colleagues researchers now know techniques that work for firefighters in the Colorado mountains won't help Californians battling wind-driven wildfires in the chaparral.

Southwestern Wildfires Seen from Space Don't burn chaparral In California as the population sprawls the fires grow.

To protect homes local fire managers frequently set California's chaparral-covered hills ablaze. But the decades spent earnestly masticating (mechanically removing potential fire fuel) devil-red manzanitas with trunks as thick as thighs

and the repeated prescribed burns replaced native chaparral with incendiary invasive species like cheatgrass according to the USGS. The decades of effort were for naught finds a series of recent studies from the USGS and colleagues at the Conservation

But chaparral isn't forest. It's a dense carpet of woody shrubs: chamise ceonothus and other plants that cling to steep canyons and ridges.

Unlike Western forests coastal chaparral and sage scrub may burn only once every 100 years and the inland ridges every 30 years.

When chaparral erupts in flames every few years native species burn through their energy stores

and seed stock trying to recover said Rick Halsey director of the nonprofit California Chaparral Institute which advocates for preserving chaparral.

and said the natural fire regime in chaparral is anywhere from 50 to 150 years not 10 to 15 years.

Fighting fires with fuel Clearing chaparral for firebreaks a gap meant to slow spreading flames also does little to help fire fighters battle the chaotic infernos driven by California's Santa ana winds Fotheringham told Ouramazingplanet.

and in cleared chaparral act as kindling for flying embers said Fotheringham. The whirling winds carry embers as far as a mile in front of the actual wildfire.

when houses burn blown embers are at fault not trees or chaparral. The primary spread of fire where we lose houses under wind-driven conditions is from embers Fotheringham said.

With green vegetation you have to drive off the moisture before it will ignite. I got to looking around my yard and

A lot of what we have for urban vegetation is deciduous so in the fall the Santa ana wind-driven fires coincide with leaf drop.

and landscaping with fire-resistant vegetation will go a long way toward reducing future fire damage he said. We see the potential for improvements that can have as much impact as

(because there is less vegetation to suck up precipitation) as well as released additional carbon and nitrogen from dead decaying trees.

Burrowers Funnel spiders pick moist and sheltered places to build their burrows like under rocks or logs or in shrubbery.

#Giant sequoias at Risk from California Fire A raging forest fire sweeping toward Yosemite national park in California may threaten giant sequoia trees.

One of the world's tallest trees giant sequoias have evolved to withstand frequent forest fires experts say.

But I think the Rim Fire those kind of fire intensities are just not something that's been typical in the past Parsons told Livescience Recognizing the threat forest fires pose to giant sequoias the National park service started prescribed burns in giant sequoia groves beginning in the 1960s.

Prescribed burns remove the undergrowth and dead matter on the forest floor that can fuel a ground fire.

But between 1999 and 2010 these forest fires burned more than 33000 square miles (85500 square kilometers) an area larger than the state of South carolina according to a NASA release.

since 1932 and the largest forest fire ever recorded in the Sierra nevada the granite mountains that run from north to south along the state's eastern fringe.

or conduct controlled burns instead of letting forest fires run their course. But in recent years reduced funding for preventive firefighting has hampered both thinning and prescribed burns.

which meant there was less underbrush and fewer small trees to fuel the fire once it reached Yosemite so the blaze slowed.

The fire will provide scientists with a trove of data on forest fires. The flames raced through experimental forests studied for more than a century

and 24 percent happened in areas of thick vegetation cover. Although trees and shrubs may offer cheetahs better means to stalk prey the researchers did not find significant differences in the speed

but one male cheetah who frequently hunted in areas with thicker vegetation occasionally hunted warthogs Wilson said.

Understanding the vegetation in the area during that time helped the scientists piece together more clues about the precipitation and climate.

Some of the changes we see going on now sea ice melting tree lines migrating and glaciers with tremendous ablation rate suggest that we're heading back to the Pliocene.

Those tortoises kept Madagascar's unique ecosystem in check by munching on low-lying foliage trampling vegetation and dispersing large seeds from native trees like the baobab.

With their demise the composition of Madagascar's ecosystems changed shrubs and vegetation clogged the forest floor

The chemicals are sprayed also directly on locusts instead of on vegetation or the ground are used only in small quantities

If people become convinced that a gold-laden city is hiding in the Honduran rain forest it could encourage looting he said damaging the real archaeological sites that no doubt lurk among the tropical vegetation.

Even so dense vegetation now veils much of the complex impenetrable to conventional remote-sensing techniques the researchers noted.

Lidar provides an unparalleled ability to penetrate dense vegetation cover and map archaeological remains on the forest floor the researchers wrote in an accepted manuscript submitted to the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

When the Lidar data revealed the elevation beneath Phnom Kulen's dense vegetation the researchers knew they had found something big.

Forest fires alone destroyed more than 33000 square miles (85500 square km) of forest between 1999 and 2010 according to a recent NASA release.

And a recent report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change found that forest fires in the Amazon are only going to get worse as the region's annual dry season also known as fire season continues to extend every year.

The vegetation gap expands as the competition ensues and the grass-free zone becomes a reservoir for nutrients and water.

Scientists have proposed also previously that fairy circles are an example of a self-organizing vegetation pattern

In 2008 researchers developed a mathematical model showing the vegetation patterning of fairy circles could depend on water availability.

and fertilizing the circles should cause them to close up with vegetation Tschinkel said. Follow Joseph Castro on Twitter.

since in India where peacocks are typically found thick vegetation could obscure everything except the top part of the males'display of feathers.

As for vegetation it was limited fairly in many areas. There were some scattered conifers including pines cypress and yews along with some broadleaf trees such as beeches and oaks.

Even around the tropics where vegetation is plentiful humans have been cooking as long as humans have been human at least 200000 years and likely longer in our hominid form.

'Nuked'California's enormous Rim Fire had a devastating effect on soils and vegetation according to Forest Service ecologists.

A full 60 square miles (155 square kilometers) burned so severely that all vegetation died a senior wildland ecologist told the Associated press. In other words it's nuked ecologist Jay Miller said.

Located in the central Sierra nevada near Pinecrest Calif. the experimental forest has been the home base for forest fire research since the 1920s.

Scrubs and grasses were mapped also extensively so well in fact that researchers today know how dense the vegetation on the forest floor used to be.

Despite the thinning process the research site still contains a fair amount of ground shrubbery that would aid in fueling the Rim fire

Different types of vegetation reflect different wavelengths of light often in ways that the naked eye can't detect.

A titan arum (or corpse flower) housed here at the U s. Botanic Garden Conservatory has been smelling up its exhibition hall to the delight of thousands of visitors

This is the unintended consequence of a longstanding federal policy symbolized by Smokey Bear to stamp out forest fires.

And when the inevitable forest fires rage through over-forested lands they burn hotter and faster

wildfires and desertification release carbon stored in vegetation; and melting permafrost allows for the decomposition of peat bogs and the melting of methane hydrates releasing methane into the atmosphere.

and store carbon in the soil or vegetation at higher amounts than do buildings or roads.

Forest fires come next mostly in the boreal forests of temperate regions. Storm damage also harms forests. 7 Ways the Earth Changes in the Blink of an Eye We see a lot of blowdowns

To shed light on this mystery a team of investigators have reconstructed past changes in vegetation by looking at ancient sediment from the Murray Canyons Group region offshore southern Australia.

This molecule is generated exclusively during the burning of land vegetation so its presence would bolster the idea that humans changed the landscape with fire.

much as they do today making up 60 to 70 percent of the vegetation there. However by 43000 years ago C4 plants made up only 40 percent of the vegetation there.

There was a matching rise in C3 plants that lasted for about 5000 years. Which came first?

This in turn led more fire-prone vegetation to build up in the Australian landscape the researchers said.

In 150000 years of climate change in southeastern Australia lots of changes in the vegetation took place

Over time though the effect of climate change on forest fires becomes more complex Fulã told Livescience.

In some regions the climate will become more arid resulting in less vegetation in forests with the end result being less fuel.

Changing temperatures might also influence what vegetation returns after a fire some forests may never come back.

although it may have to do with changes in forest management that have allowed dense underbrush to grow as well as increased urban development.

Living and dead vegetation make up the fuel that burns in a wildland fire. Warmer and drier conditions make present-day fuels such as forests more likely to burn

Also the total amount of vegetation isn't the only important factor because many species will shift ranges.

Feedbacks between disturbances such as fire and the uncertainty of what vegetation will come in afterwards compound the difficulty of predicting future patterns.

Researchers attempting the difficult task of linking models of climate vegetation and fire at global scales an exercise called pyrogeography are finding not only high variability between models but sometimes not even agreement on overall trends.

Third when wildland managers compare alternative management options they should routinely apply models linking climate vegetation and fire.

they eat both meat and vegetation. Typical meals for a wolverine include large game like caribou moose and mountain goats;

new life into riverbank vegetation. Because the floods rejuvenated these riverbank zones conservationists were hopeful that the wetlands could be restored.

and to enhance the delta's natural vegetation and wildlife Flessa told Livescience. Research teams from agencies universities

For instance researchers on the ground will track where the water flows on the surface examine how it infiltrates the groundwater and monitor vegetation and bird life.

In addition to field work we will be using satellite images to study the response of vegetation in the following four years Flessa said.

If you're a hiker know what type of vegetation plants and trees are found in the areas you'll be heading into.

and venom help males compete for mates according to the Australian Platypus Conservatory. The venom is not life threatening to humans

1. 4 kg) though platypuses that live in colder climates are bigger than those living in warmer areas according to the Australian Platypus Conservatory.

And far from living in a monotonous grassland the mega-beasts inhabited a colorful Arctic landscape filled with flowering plants and diverse vegetation the study researchers found.

It makes us rethink how the vegetation looked and how those animals thrived on the landscape.

But recreations of the ancient Arctic vegetation relied on fossilized pollen found in permafrost or frozen soil.

The DNA analysis showed that the Arctic at the time had varied a landscape filled with wildflowers grasses and other vegetation.

#Fossils of Dinosaur-Era Forest fire Discovered in Canada In the badlands of southern Saskatchewan Canada scientists discovered evidence of a 66-million-year-old forest fire locked in stone.

but they are actually omnivores they eat meat and vegetation. They eat small game such as rodents rabbits fish and frogs and larger game like deer.

Stunning Photos of the Amazon According to MODIS algorithms an area is covered likely in green vegetation

That makes it appear very green according to satellite vegetation algorithms though in reality the forest canopy hasn't actually greened the study found.

In fact the peat soils in Southeast asia store as much carbon as all aboveground vegetation in the Amazon.

The Native americans who once hunted this region lit fires to burn off dead vegetation encouraging new growth that attracted bison and other large game.

About 80 percent of prairie vegetation is grass (40 to 60 species) with the remainder made up of more than 300 species of wildflowers plus trees scrubs and lichens according to Live Science's Our Amazing Planet.

because dark-colored tannins from vegetation dye the water nearly black. Endangered Atlantic sturgeon and shortnose sturgeon call the river home.</

just as strong as climate in controlling where vegetation does and doesn't appear in the Sierra nevada said Jesse Hahm a geologist at the University of Wyoming

To determine that tree-ring data was an accurate representation of grassland productivity the researchers compared their tree-rings to satellite data of vegetation covering Mongolia between 1980 and 2010.

Dry conditions exacerbated the forest fire over the weekend according to Inciweb. Although it's early June the large logs

The technique can only be applied to open flammable vegetation. In dense eucalypt forests (such as wet sclerophyll forests) fuel-reduction burning is impractical because of the risk of uncontrollable fires sustained by heavy fuel loads that only become flammable in dry conditions.

and thinning vegetation including burning the debris in specially designed portable furnaces that have low smoke emissions.

She lays them in rotting stumps piles of decaying vegetation or other places where there will be enough heat

Evidence for ancient forest fires predates the dinosaurs but the clues come from charcoal not from marks on fossilized trees.

That's because the scientists who study petrified wood rarely cross paths with forest fire researchers Byers suspects.

Stress from forest fires can leave behind bands of narrow tree rings in some modern trees a result of the struggle to recover

because the forest fire's survivors had less competition for water and nutrients Byers said. This post-fire growth spurt is seen also in modern trees.

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