and that the primary reason was the onset of irrigation in agriculture and population growth.
Now that companies are looking to Africa we wanted to determine how large the potential threat to African ape species is.
The new analysis shows that the oil palm industry presents a significant threat to apes all across Africa.
Threats and solutionsthe yellow crazy ant Anoplolepis gracilipes is ranked amongst the top 100 worst global invasive species
and dangers of the introduction of the yellow crazy ant to the uniqueendemic ecosystem of the mature palm forest of the Vallã e de Mai a UNESCO World Heritage Site on the Seychelles.
Chemical control poses a considerable risk to non-target species such as endemic ants. The study therefore advises promoting
The scientists were able to establish that the pesticide induced an average risk of loss that rose from 3%to 26
By characterising the environmental conditions that constitute the most risks for bees scientists will be better able to evaluate toxicological risks in the field
Benefits of carotenoidswhatâ's more according to the researchers the inclusion of carotenoids in a diet can help to reduce risk of developing diseases such as certain types of cancer heart disease or damage to vision especially those related to an aging population.
and these are nicotine delivery devices. The position of the Forum of International Respiratory Societies (FIRS) on electronic nicotine delivery devices includes:
â#¢The safety of electronic cigarettes has not been demonstrated adequately. â#¢The addictive power of nicotine
and its untoward effects should not be underestimated. â#¢The potential benefits of electronic nicotine delivery devices including harm reduction
and safety claims regarding electronic nicotine delivery devices should be subject to evidentiary review. â#¢Adverse health effects for third parties exposed to the emissions of electronic cigarettes cannot be excluded. â#¢Electronic nicotine
delivery devices should be restricted or banned at least until more information about their safety is available. â#¢
If electronic nicotine delivery devices are permitted they should be regulated as medicines and subject to the same evidentiary review of other medicines. â#¢If electronic nicotine delivery devices are regulated not as medicines they should be regulated as tobacco products. â#¢Research supported by sources other than the tobacco
or electronic cigarette. â#¢industry should be carried out to determine the impact of electronic nicotine delivery devices on health in a wide variety of settings. â#¢The use
and population effects of electronic nicotine delivery devices should be monitored. â#¢All information derived from this research should be conveyed to the public in a clear manner.
Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by American Thoracic Society (ATS. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length
The study Using a Network Model to Assess Risk of Forest Pest Spread via Recreational Travel was published July 9 in the journal PLOS ONE
or considering firewood bans determine how to deploy resources for surveillance firewood inspections or other activities.
's Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center a part of the Southern Research Station (SRS. Although more than 65 percent of campers carry firewood from home and that wood often comes from dead
Although pesticide exposure has been implicated as a possible cause for bee decline until now we had limited understanding of the risk these chemicals pose especially how it affects natural foraging behaviour Raine said.
New research from the Niels Bohr Institute at the University of Copenhagen and Aarhus University shows that not only can grains of dust form in gigantic supernova explosions they can also survive the subsequent shockwaves they are exposed to.
which are massive stars that die in a gigantic explosion. But how do the elements grow into'larger clumps'like cosmic dust grains?
even though dust grains composed of heavy elements would form in supernovae the supernova explosion is so violent that the grains of dust may not survive.
and NASA among others followed the explosion right from the start and the following 2â years and analysed the light from the very bright supernova.
Christa Gall who led the project explains that the first step in dust formation is a mini-explosion in
Cosmic Explosions: http://www. nbi. ku. dk/english/sciencexplorer/the space/cosmic explosions/video/Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by University of Copenhagen-Niels Bohr Institute.
Radwan emphasized that it's not just soybean crops at risk. The fungus causes charcoal rot in about 500 other host plants including corn sorghum sunflower and other important crops.
The first specimen of S. cordicitum was collected in October 1974 on U s. 166 about 30 miles west of Fort Davis Texas. Then in September 1990 a Valentine resident named Howard
and campaigns to increase public knowledge on the dangers of hookah smoking especially among young adults Rezk-Hanna said.
As a result people with mental illness are increased at an risk of negative health financial and social outcomes associated with their tobacco use.
To conduct the study researchers used data from the 2012 Kansas Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance system and the 2011 Kansas Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance system
#Fungus in yogurt outbreak poses threat to consumersthe fungus responsible for an outbreak of contaminated Greek yogurt last year is not harmless after all
and it was believed at the time that the fungal contaminant Murcor circinelloides was only a potential danger to immunocompromised individuals.
or eavesdropping spies outside of the colony? Many animals are thought to deter eavesdroppers by making their signals revealing the location or quality of resources less conspicuous to outsiders.
It tells nestmates where to find good food and hints at a larger occupying force.
Researchers have thought in general about eavesdropping as a force that makes signals less conspicuous leading to the evolution of'whispers'to counter spying.
which show high levels of aggression toward intruders but the risks and energy costs to the eavesdroppers apparently aren't worth the trouble.
The researchers supported this hypothesis by modeling eavesdropping bees'decision-making using a type of model from economics.
For attacks between colonies of the same species there is also a risk that the conflict will escalate to physical interactions in
and a fluid delivery system that can provide fresh water or water with nutrients. Larsen explains that the system could be operated remotely
Surprisingly students with more educated parents or higher personal income are at high risk for use.
While not all hookah pens contain nicotine this new delivery method might normalize hookah use in everyday settings
but have lost their ability to produce certain defense chemicals making them vulnerable to attack by insects and pathogens.
Swiss scientists are exploring ways to help protect 21st century maize by rearming it with its ancestral chemical weapons.
Plant defences can be direct such as the production of toxins or indirect using volatile substances that attract the natural enemies of the herbivores says lead scientist Dr Ted Turlings (University of Neuchã¢tel Switzerland).
These results show how knowledge of natural plant defenses can be applied practically in agricultural systems.
We are studying the wild ancestor of maize (teosinte) to find out which other chemical defenses may have been lost during domestication of maize Dr Turlings added.
These lost defenses might then be reintroduced into modern cultivars. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Society for Experimental Biology.
when an insect is detected all the palm trees within 500 metres run the risk of being infested weevil says Antonia Soto researcher at the Mediterranean Agroforestal Institute of the UPV.
Identifying persistent infectionswhen a pregnant cow becomes infected the developing calf is at risk. If the infection occurs between 40 and 120 days of gestation the calf will be born persistently infected according to the U s. Department of agriculture.
but is what Chase refers to as a walking time bomb that can infect the entire herd.
and creating a persistently infected animal that is a threat to the entire herd. Story Source:
or resting in Zambia's Chimfunshi Wildlife Orphanage Trust sanctuary. On subsequent visits van Leeuwen saw that other chimpanzees in her group had started to do the same.
and analyzed 740 hours of footage that had been shot during the course of a year of 94 chimpanzees living in four different social groups in the sanctuary.
#A case study of manta rays and lagoonsdouglas Mccauley a new assistant professor in UC Santa barbara's Department of Ecology Evolution and Marine Biology does fieldwork in one of the most isolated places in the world--Palmyra Atoll.
whose captain discovered it in 1802 Palmyra contains a 12-square-kilometer national wildlife refuge part of the larger Pacific Remote Islands Marine National monument established in 2009.
The researchers'findings appear in the journal Marine Biology. There is very little known scientifically about manta rays said Mccauley.
and their connection to this particular marine habitat Mccauley explained. Using a novel combination of research tools the scientists examined how the manta rays use lagoons
Although there is no evidence that Palmyra ever supported permanent indigenous settlements its habitats were affected dramatically during WORLD WAR II
when it was occupied by American troops. Lagoons are imperiled often very places so that was certainly part of our interest Mccauley said.
Other tools in the researchers'arsenal were high-resolution tracking which provided information about how the manta rays used the lagoon habitat over long and short periods of time;
Additional detailed information about how manta rays use ocean areas outside of lagoons will also be needed to better manage this at-risk species. Story Source:
and bamboo researchers have found that by gradually changing the internal structure of metals they can make stronger tougher materials that can be customized for a wide variety of applications--from body armor to automobile parts.
when the body's immune system mistakes a harmless food protein for a threat and attacks it as it would normally do with a bacterium or a virus. This causes symptoms like swelling rashes pain and even life-threatening anaphylactic shocks.
Cow milk allergy is common among children preventing them from breast feeding and drinking milk although some outgrow the allergy by six years of age.
and improving other management strategies such as protection from overfishing and excessive coastal pollution could help the reefs recover
The rate at which the Caribbean corals have been declining is truly alarming says Carl Gustaf Lundin Director of IUCN's Global Marine and Polar Programme.
While it does pose a serious threat by making oceans more acidic and causing coral bleaching the report shows that the loss of parrotfish
Reefs protected from overfishing as well as other threats such as excessive coastal pollution tourism and coastal development are more resilient to pressures from climate change according to the authors.
These include the U s. Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary in the northern Gulf of mexico Bermuda and Bonaire all of
These'resilient reefs'have strong local protections that are enforced strictly and double or triple the average coral cover of the 14%seen throughout the Caribbean.
and respond to the Caribbean coral reef crisis through joint actions including protecting parrotfish under the Protocol on specially protected areas and wildlife of the Cartagena Convention.
This suggests that chicken breed has little direct effect on the risk of Campylobacter entering the food chain
In wealthier developing countries there has been a significant increase in public demand for conservation which has not yet been matched by an equivalent increase in protective actions by the governments of those countries said Jeffrey R. Vincent a Duke environmental economist who led the study
and other threats Vincent said. This could make a big difference in protecting tropical biodiversity and reducing greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation and forest degradation.
To measure how these countries'rising household incomes have affected public demand for biodiversity conservation and their governments'expenditures on it Vincent and a team of international scientists analyzed economic indicators from high income upper
and results from public opinion surveys about the priority governments should place on environmental protection in relation to potentially opposing concerns such as job creation.
while protective government policies and expenditures lag behind Vincent said. To test these findings the researchers conducted a case study on forest conservation in the remote Belum-Temengor forest of Malaysia's northernmost state Perak.
To gauge public demand for expanded protection Vincent and his team surveyed households in Kuala lumpur Malaysia's capital
Despite receiving no direct benefits people were willing to pay $6 per month to provide full protection to Belum-Temengor Vincent said.
That works out cumulatively to about $437 a year per hectare of land--a much larger sum than the estimated costs of protecting Belum-Temengor.
Significantly eroded water quality now joins the list of risks associated with oil palm cultivation according to new research co-authored by researchers from Stanford university
and the University of Minnesota who warn of threats to freshwater streams that millions ofpeople depend on for drinking water food and livelihoods.
Very few protections for such non-intact forest ecosystems exist. According to Curran extensive land conversion to oil palm plantations could lead to a perfect storm combining the crop's environmental effects with those from a massive El Niã o-associated drought.
A crash followed said Tim Kohler WSU Regents professor of anthropology offering a warning sign to the modern world about the dangers of overpopulation.
From the mid-1000s to 1280--by which time all the farmers had raged left--conflicts across the northern Southwest
A Malthusian trap but also a violence trap. The northern Southwest had as many as 40000 people in the mid-1200s
but as people began to leave it would have been hard to maintain the social unity needed for defense
but reduce their environmental risks or impacts as well. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by American Society for Horticultural Science.
But nanotubes that happen to broadside the target unzip into handy ribbons that can be used in composite materials for strength
Until now we knew we could use mechanical forces to shorten and cut carbon nanotubes. This is the first time we have showed carbon nanotubes can be unzipped using mechanical forces.
The researchers fired pellets of randomly oriented multiwalled carbon nanotubes from a light gas gun built by the Rice lab of materials scientist Enrique Barrera with funding from NASA.
The pellets impacted an aluminum target in a vacuum chamber at about 15000 miles per hour. When they inspected the resulting carbon rubble they found nanotubes that smashed into the target end first
or at a sharp angle simply deformed into a crumpled nanotube. But tubes that hit lengthwise actually split into ribbons with ragged edges.
Hypervelocity impact tests are used mostly to simulate the impact of different projectiles on shields spacecraft
The researchers said 70 to 80 percent of the nanotubes in a pellet unzip to one degree or another.
The Department of defense U s. Air force Office of Scientific research through a Multidisciplinary University Research Institute grant and the Brazilian agencies National Council for Scientific and Technological Development Coordination for the Improvement of Higher education
Working with an allergist who can arm you with knowledge about possible risks and how to handle them means getting back to all the outdoor activities family reunions camping
because they are at risk of suffering life-threatening reactions to insect venom. If you experience facial swelling difficulty breathing
and receive immediate emergency care. Follow up with an allergist who will prescribe epinephrine and possibly allergy shots that can save your life.
Cannonball! Everyone into the Pool! While some people are convinced they are allergic to chlorine the truth is that chlorine is not an allergen.
and sandstone are particularly at risk. Local authorities have been encouraged to invest in green spaces which can reduce greenhouse gases cut down exposure to pollution
and sandstone are particularly at risk. Local authorities have been encouraged to invest in green spaces which can reduce greenhouse gases cut down exposure to pollution
#Almonds reduce the risk of heart disease, research showsscientists have found that eating almonds in your diet can reduce the risk of heart disease by keeping blood vessels healthy.
Research found that they significantly increase the amount of antioxidants in the blood stream reduce blood pressure
and middle-aged men as well as on a group of young men with cardiovascular risk factors including having high blood pressure
and lower blood pressure potentially reducing their risk of heart disease. Almonds are known to contain a range of beneficial substances such as Vitamin e and healthy fats fibre
or muesli to help reduce your risk of heart problems. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Aston University.
and vegetable juice powder concentrate capsules twice daily (Juice Plus+Â NSA Collierville TN). One group (FV) was given capsules containing a blend of fruit
but to a greater extent the FVB group showed improvements in some pulmonary parameters cardiovascular risk factors and folate status. The beneficial effects of Juice Plus+Â supplementation could potentially help smokers
animals are at risk too. Dogs and cats with white or thin coats are at particular risk as are animals with very closely shorn fur
which is often hairless to the rays of the sun increasing the risk of sunburnâ#reports veterinary dermatologist Christa Horvath-Ungerbã ck.
Particularly vulnerable petshouse pets with white or short fur are at particular risk of sunburn.
since they lack the natural sun protection fur affords. Here too though skin pigmentation plays a role
Owners of vulnerable breeds should take particular care to protect their animals from the sun. Sun protection for animalsâ#oeas a rule animals should have a shady place to lie in.
and presents the greatest risk not just for the skin but for the animal overallâ#explains dermatologist Horvath-Ungerbã ck.
Particularly sensitive animals require sun protection in the form of a waterproof sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30
  For longer hikes through the mountains where the sunâ##s rays are particularly aggressive sensitive animals should wear a t-shirt coat or hat for protection.
Common insect repellent products contain up to 30%DEET for maximum protection says Christina Hantsch MD toxicologist at Loyola.
Products with DEET provide longer duration protection as the concentration of DEET increases. The longest duration is up to 5 hours for 30%DEET concentration.
which is currently under grave threat researchers have identified complement organic farming methods with dedicated efforts to conserve habitats.
and how to respond in an emergency situation said allergist Michael Foggs MD ACAAI president.
and make Europe ready for the fight against climate change. Expected biophysical impacts (such as agriculture yields river floods transport infrastructure losses) have been integrated into an economic model
Firstly there would be reduced a risk of fundamental impacts due to extremes and abrupt climate change.
Finally the researchers investigated whether Chinese food trade leads to global water savings. They found that domestic corn trade leads to significant losses of irrigation water resources (such as rivers reservoirs and groundwater.
and their exports lead to large national water savings for both rainfall and irrigation water.
Despite the belief of some that increased intake of fruit may increase the risk for weight gain Kaiser says that was not the case at the doses studied.
and around the time of pregnancy the researchers reported June 23 in The Lancet. â#oeeven deploying a relatively small number of midwives around each country could have a profound impact on saving maternal fetal and newborn livesâ
and can handle interventions needed during uncomplicated deliveries while obstetricians are needed when surgical interventions such as cesarean sections are necessary Bartlett says.
The study funded by The Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) also revealed that Chamois can alter their behaviour in the face of warmer temperatures seeking shelter during hot periods rather than moving to higher altitudes.
So the forest was defoliated twice in effect an unusually long-lasting attack which resulted in more pressure on the forest compared to previous outbreaks.
Moth attacks in sparse woods cause extensive changes in ground vegetation--the dwarf shrub heath disappears
In many subarctic forested areas in fact the opposite has been observed--a browning--as the forest becomes less green.
More intense insect infestation more forest fires and increased drought pressure are probably the three largest factors causing this subarctic browning.
Our finding of protection against synaptic deficits by Lavado cocoa extract but not Dutched cocoa extract strongly suggests that polyphenols are the active component that rescue synaptic transmission
Because loss of synaptic function may have a greater role in memory loss than the loss of nerve cells rescue of synaptic function may serve as a more reliable target for an effective Alzheimer's disease drug said Dr. Pasinetti.
After a heart attack no doubt smoking cessation reduces the risk of death approximately one third and is really a cornerstone of cardiac rehabilitation worldwide.
In a mathematical analysis estimating the number of people who die in 1000 years researchers determined that the death rate was 9. 7 per 1000 person-years at risk for snus quitters and 18.7 for snus users.
In addition to the clones for Arabidopsis and rice GTS Heazlewood and his collaborators at JBEI also created a set of highly efficient particle bombardment plasmids--pbullets
Our pbullet vector series is designed custom for efficient bombardment Heazlewood says. Researchers generally use large unwieldy plasmids that perform badly
From the 1930's to the present generations of citizens and government leaders have worked to protect this special area through designations of wilderness wild and scenic rivers and protection of critical wildlife habitat.
In his report Conservation Legacy on a Flagship Forest: Wildlife and Wild Lands on the Flathead National Forest Montana WCS Senior Scientist Dr. John Weaver notes that these protections may not be enough in the face of looming challenges such as climate change.
For example warmer winters will reduce mountain snow cover and suitable habitat for the rare wolverine--a species highly adapted to persistent snow pack.
Weaver found that the Flathead is a stronghold for these fish and wildlife species that have been vanquished in much of their range further south.
These spectacular landscapes provide some of the best remaining strongholds for vulnerable fish and wildlife and headwater sources of clean water.
These roadless refugia offer a rare opportunity to complete the legacy of protecting wildlife and wildlands on this crown jewel of the National Forest system for people today and generations yet to come.
Eating whole grains combined with a healthy diet may reduce the risk of heart disease and help with weight management according to the U s. Department of agriculture.
say scientistsa new study on the digestion of milk could lead to the development of new formulas for premature babies weight loss drinks and potentially new drug delivery systems.
It could also lead to a new system for drug delivery. By unlocking the detailed structure of milk we have the potential to create milk loaded with fat soluble vitamins
We could even harness milk's ability as a'carrier'to develop new forms of drug delivery Dr Salentinig said.
and farms where chemical pesticides were applied experienced a two-thirds increased risk of having a child with autism spectrum disorder
and may pose threats to brain development during gestation potentially resulting in developmental delay or autism.
and linking the data to the residential addresses of approximately 1000 participants in the Northern California-based Childhood Risk of Autism from Genetics and the Environment (CHARGE) Study.
Organophosphates applied over the course of pregnancy were associated with an elevated risk of autism spectrum disorder particularly for chlorpyrifos applications in the second trimester.
Research from the CHARGE Study has emphasized the importance of maternal nutrition during pregnancy particularly the use of prenatal vitamins to reduce the risk of having a child with autism.
While it's impossible to entirely eliminate risks due to environmental exposures Hertz-Picciotto said that finding ways to reduce exposures to chemical pesticides particularly for the very young is important.
and selective forces during the course of evolution have determined which signal is used actually in a given species. The results of the new study show that in many woody plants that thrive in warmer southern climes day-length acts as a safety barrier
while in the second they were infested with rice blast fungus. Despite this the rice yield was 3. 5 tons (t) per hectare or almost as much as the average national yield of 3. 8 t per hectare.
In some ways these findings offer a new benchmark for the beginning of the Anthropocene the epoch in which humans became the most dominant global force in nature.
and other large-scale environmental forces are shaping human history. While there are many theories behind the fall of the Western Han Dynasty Kidder's research suggests human interaction with the environment played a central role in its demise.
while establishing a buffer of human settlement against the threat of nomadic invaders along its northern border.
By A d. 20-21 the flood-torn region had become the epicenter of a popular rebellion one that soon would spell the end of the Western Han Dynasty's five-century reign of power.
With that in mind it is not hard to see that soil is a nonrenewable resource and worth protecting.
and others manage climate risks. Drought comes in various forms: Agricultural drought is characterized by insufficient water for maximum crop growth
study findsresearchers have found no evidence of a protective association between soy food and endometrial cancer risk says a new study published (18 june) in BJOG:
Some studies have highlighted their potential cancer protective properties however research looking at the link to endometrial cancer has been inconsistent.
Neither higher consumption of total soy foods nor isoflavones were associated with the risk of endometrial cancer after adjustment for factors such as age alcohol consumption smoking BMI menopausal status coffee intake
and number of deliveries. Dr Motoki Iwasaki Epidemiology Division Epidemiology and Prevention Group Research center for Cancer Prevention and Screening National Cancer Center Tokyo Japan and co-author said:
and isoflavones were associated not with the risk of endometrial cancer. Although the incidence of endometrial cancer is much lower in Asian countries the incidence rate has been increasing.
This large population-based study found no evidence of a protective association of soy food
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