or motivational drivers and instead be cued by context automated actions time pressure and low self-control.
Martin noted that consumers already are habituated to the current products on store shelves with the average weekly shopping trip taking about 45 minutes
Farmers can be the stewards of our landscapes so that we as a society we can pass them in a healthy state to the next generations.
and invasion success explains Mark van Kleunen the leader of the project. First the nonliving environment the so called abiotic filter constrains establishment of species without certain physiological adaptations.
and is even gaining in importance with time says van Kleunen. The study now published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences helps to better understand the assembly of plant communities.
Herbivory is a fundamental driver of plant diversity explains Dr Sarah Barlow who carried out the work
#3-D-printed splint saves infants lifehalf a millennium after Johannes Gutenberg printed the bible researchers printed a 3d splint that saved the life of an infant born with severe tracheobronchomalacia a birth defect that causes the airway
researchers to test 3d printed bioresorbable airway splints in porcine or pig animal models with severe life-threatening tracheobronchomalacia.
April and Bryan Gionfriddo believed their son's chance of survival was slim until Marc Nelson a doctor at Akron Children's Hospital in Ohio mentioned researchers from the University of Michigan were testing airway splints similar to those used in Wheeler's study.
The splint was sewn around Kaiba's airway to expand his collapsed bronchus and provide support for tissue growth.
A slit in the side of the splint allows it to expand as Kaiba's airway grows.
#IBEX spacecraft images the heliotail, revealing an unexpected structurenasa's Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) spacecraft recently provided the first complete pictures of the solar system's downwind region revealing a unique and unexpected structure.
and appeared to be offset from the downwind direction possibly because of interactions from the galaxy's external magnetic field.
and starboard to distinguish the lobes as the heliosphere is the vessel that transports our solar system throughout the galaxy.
The IBEX spacecraft uses two novel ENA cameras to image and map the heliosphere's global interaction providing the first global views and new knowledge about our solar system's interaction with interstellar space.
IBEX is part of NASA's series of low-cost rapidly developed Small Explorer space missions. Southwest Research Institute in San antonio leads the IBEX mission with teams of national and international partners.
NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt Md. manages the Explorers Program for NASA's Science Mission Directorate in Washington.
the Kansas Department of Wildlife Parks and Tourism; the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; and The Nature Conservancy.
Scientists of the Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research have been following this natural spectacle via Earth observation satellites Terrasar-X from the German Space agency (DLR)
Scientists from the American space agency NASA discovered the first crack in the glacier tongue on 14 october 2011 when flying over the area.
Rudimentary silicon memories made in the Tour lab are now aboard the International Space station where they are being tested for their ability to hold a pattern
The Boeing Corp. and the Air force Office of Scientific research funded the work. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Rice university.
The stronger the chick moved the more complicated it became to keep the scan plane
The material could be used to increase the strength of many products that use carbon fiber like composites for strong light aircraft or fabrics for bulletproof apparel according to the researchers.
Tour said industrial carbon fibers--a source of steel-like strength in ultralight materials ranging from baseball bats to bicycles to bombers--haven't improved much in decades
Sheng Yang He a Howard Hughes Medical Institute-Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation Investigator and an MSU University Distinguished Professor in the DOE Plant Research Laboratory and Plant
Benjamin I. Cook of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory;
This new study shows that unlike the largemouth bass which makes very few excursions on land the mangrove rivulus
since they very rarely make terrestrial excursions. The amphibious rivulus is adapted better to land living and capable of directing its jumps on land using more forceful jumps.
Livestock-associated methicillin and multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus is present among industrial not antibiotic-free livestock operation workers in North carolina was written by Jessica L. Rinsky Maya Nadimpalli Steve Wing
and cars that release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere Saner and his team decided to take a close look at the other end of the equation--how energy consumption for housing
and cooling) and long commutes in private vehicles. If their emissions could be halved the total emissions of the community would be reduced by 25 percent the scientists concluded.
This nerve cell is crucial in triggering a flight response in hungry but not in fed animals.
which carries the carbon dioxide information there is essential for the flight response. If mushroom body or projection neuron activity is blocked only hungry flies are concerned no longer about the carbon dioxide explains Ilona Grunwald-Kadow who headed the study.
The results show that the innate flight response to carbon dioxide in fruit flies is controlled by two parallel neural circuits depending on how satiated the animals are.
The spread of ailanthus in Pennsylvania occurred in spurts that seem to be connected with stages of human development particularly during cross-state transportation projects Kasson said.
and wealthy plant collectors commercialization of ailanthus after 1820 coupled with railroad construction projects that connected the eastern and western parts of the state in the mid-1800s intensified its spread according to Kasson who worked with Matthew Davis lab
Crews that cut down the trees built roads to reach the sites which became avenues for the spread of ailanthus.
In parts of the state forests there were no roads in areas associated with the gypsy moth devastation said Kasson.
During these timber salvage operations crews are building roads and moving a lot of soil and seed.
New roads are being constructed into these active drilling sites said Kasson. These drilling operations could lead to future spread.
In addition to their cultural and ecological significance they're economically important both from a livestock perspective and from a tourism perspective.
Entrainment is akin to the process that international travelers go through as they recover from jet lag.
After flying to the other side of the globe travelers often have trouble sleeping until their internal circadian clock resets itself to the day-night cycle in their new locale.
and vegetables in dark trucks boxes and refrigerators may reduce their ability to keep daily rhythms.
Once the tubes reach their destination they burst open and release their sperm to fertilize each of the two ovaries in every ovule.
Chen Castner and Woroniecka were Brown undergraduatess who joined the project as Brown-Howard Hughes Medical Institute Summer Scholars.
#Dusty surprise around giant black holeeso's Very Large Telescope Interferometer has gathered the most detailed observations ever of the dust around the huge black hole at the centre of an active galaxy.
Over the last twenty years astronomers have found that almost all galaxies have a huge black hole at their centre.
But new observations of a nearby active galaxy called NGC 3783 harnessing the power of the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) at ESO's Paranal Observatory in Chile 2 have given a team of astronomers a surprise.
and evolve within galaxies but the presence of a dusty wind adds a new piece to this picture.
to collect enough light to observe faint objects This lets us study a region as small as the distance from our Sun to its closest neighbouring star in a galaxy tens of millions of light-years away.
but because of an expected influx of species. While previous studies mapped where animals need to move to find climates that suit them this is the first broad-scale study to also consider how animals might travel
They applied a technique developed by paper co-author Brad Mcrae of the Nature Conservancy that's based on how electricity finds the path of least resistance when traveling across circuit boards.
The research is funded by the National Science Foundation NASA and Michigan State university Agbioresearch. Story Source:
from the Institute for Environmental sciences Landau analysed the impact of pesticides such as insecticides and fungicides on the regional biodiversity of invertebrates in flowing waters using data from Germany France and Victoria in Australia.
The authors point out that the use of pesticides is an important driver for biodiversity loss
The current practice of risk assessment is like driving blind on the motorway cautions the ecotoxicologist Matthias Liess.
And it also offers some guidance to beekeepers about breeding strategies that will help their colonies survive.
For the study the researchers assessed heat index in common and sleeping rooms in barracks trailers and houses at 170 eastern North carolina farmworker camps in 16 counties across a summer from June 15 to Oct 4 2010.
and be beneficial down the road. Grucza's team evaluated data from an ongoing National Cancer Institute survey that monitors smoking behavior in all 50 states.
Better batteries are desired greatly by everyone who carries a cellphone or computer or drives an electric car.
Boeing the Air force Office of Scientific research Sandia National Laboratory and the Office of Naval Research supported the research.
These included images for six of the most popular cigarette brands in Germany and eight other products such as chocolate clothes mobile phones and cars.
Flying low and slow above the wild pristine terrain of Alaska's North Slope in a specially instrumented NASA plane research scientist Charles Miller of NASA's Jet propulsion laboratory Pasadena Calif. surveys the endless whiteness of tundra and frozen permafrost below.
what we're doing here in the Arctic into perspective said Miller principal investigator of the Carbon in Arctic Reservoirs Vulnerability Experiment (CARVE) a five-year NASA-led field campaign studying how climate change is affecting the Arctic's carbon cycle.
Aboard the NASA C-23 Sherpa aircraft from NASA's Wallops Flight Facility Wallops Island Va. Miller CARVE Project Manager Steve Dinardo of JPL
Permafrost soils are warming even faster than Arctic air temperatures--as much as 2. 7 to 4. 5 degrees Fahrenheit (1. 5 to 2. 5 degrees Celsius) in just the past 30 years
Now in its third year this NASA Earth Ventures program investigation is expanding our understanding of how the Arctic's water
The CARVE team flew test flights in 2011 and science flights in 2012. This April and May they completed the first two of seven planned monthly campaigns in 2013
The C-23 won't win any beauty contests--its pilots refer to it as a UPS truck with a bad nose job.
Inside it's extremely noisy--the pilots and crew wear noise-cancelling headphones to communicate.
Onboard the plane sophisticated instruments sniff the atmosphere for greenhouse gases. They include a very sensitive spectrometer that analyzes sunlight reflected from Earth's surface to measure atmospheric carbon dioxide methane and carbon monoxide.
This instrument is an airborne simulator for NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) mission to be launched in 2014.
Other instruments analyze air samples from outside the plane for the same chemicals. Aircraft navigation data and basic weather data are collected also.
Initial data are delivered to scientists within 12 hours. Air samples are shipped to the University of Colorado's Institute for Arctic
Much of CARVE's science will come from flying at least three years Miller says. We are showing the power of using dependable low-cost prop planes to make frequent repeat measurements over time to look for changes from month to month and year to year.
Ground observations complement the aircraft data and are used to calibrate and validate them. The ground sites serve as anchor points for CARVE's flight tracks.
Ground data include air samples from tall towers and measurements of soil moisture and temperature to determine
whether soil is frozen thawed or flooded. A Tale of Two Greenhouse Gasesit's important to accurately characterize the soils and state of the land surfaces.
Early Resultsthe CARVE science team is busy analyzing data from its first full year of science flights.
http://science. nasa. gov/missions/carve/./Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by NASA/Jet propulsion laboratory.
Note: Materials may be edited for content and length h
#Why fruit ripens and spoils: Thousands of plant genes activated by ethylene gasit's common wisdom that one rotten apple in a barrel spoils all the other apples
For example Ecker invited the expertise of Carnegie mellon University computer scientist Ziv Bar-Joseph transcriptional expert Timothy Hughes from the University of Toronto as well as computational biologist Trey Ideker
GM085022) National institutes of health NRSA (F32-HG004830) The Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the National Science Foundation (MCB-1024999.
But how are earthworms affecting transport of P? Earthworms can ingest and redistribute soil and they enhance soil structure creating more stable aggregates
When higher risk is indicated Tabashnik describes a fork in the road with two paths: Either take more stringent measures to delay resistance such as requiring larger refuges
The policy is based on the idea that blending ethanol into gasoline cuts harmful emissions from vehicles
The authors of the new paper have questioned long the United states'support of biofuels as a means to cut vehicle emissions.
and Amy Myers Jaffe executive director of energy and sustainability at the UC Davis Institute of Transportation Studies.
Scientists travelled to Peninsular Malaysia where they spent two years studying communities of frog species in four oil palm plantations and two areas of adjacent forest.
and strengthening components--potentially a television screen that rolls up like a poster or ultrastrong composites that could replace carbon fiber.
The U of A researchers'cradle-to-grave life-cycle analysis of milk will provide guidance for producers processors
--farm production and processes--farm-to-processor transportation--processor operations packaging and distribution--retail operations--consumer transportation and storage--post-consumer waste management--overall supply-chain loss
and wastethe researchers found that for every kilogram of milk consumed in the United states per year 2. 05 kilograms of greenhouse gases on average are emitted over the entire supply chain to produce process
At the processor and distribution level greater emphasis on truck fleet-fuel usage and consumption of electricity will reduce emissions the researchers said.
Finally the researchers recommended a careful examination of trucking transport distances to realize greater optimization and efficiency of routes.
They also suggested transport refrigeration systems that use fewer refrigerants. The U of A researchers--Rick Ulrich professor of chemical engineering;
that signals travel the opposite way as well. Time and time again we hear from patients that they never felt depressed
and the Honda Research Institute USA reported today in Nature's online journal Scientific Reports.
Diamond happens to be a good example according to Rice materials scientist Pulickel Ajayan and Honda chief scientist Avetik Harutyunyan.
To test their ideas the Honda team grew various types of graphene on copper foil by standard chemical vapor deposition.
Co-authors of the study are Honda senior scientists Rahul Rao and Gugang Chen; Rice graduate student Kaushik Kalaga;
The research was supported by the Honda Research Institute. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Rice university.
As part of their efforts to reform curriculum the Wake Forest Baptist team created an on-line educational module about fat bias and stigmatization
Our results will help develop ways to use this new material in atomically thin electronics that will become integral components of a whole new generation of revolutionary products such as flexible solar cells that conform to the body of a car.
#Serengeti road divides biologists: Will a road across the northern tier of Serengeti National park ruin it?
Serengeti National park in Tanzania may be the most iconic national park in the world. Here lions leopards elephants hippos and giraffes wander free.
and Travel to address this the Tanzania government now plans to build a gravel road across 50 km of the northern part of the park to link the country's coast to Lake victoria
International outcry Plans for the road have raised an international outcry. The fear is that the road
which bisects the wildebeest migration route near the Kenyan border will bring an end to the annual migrations
The proposed road could lead to the collapse of the largest remaining migratory system On earth the scientists wrote led by Andrew Dobson from Princeton university.
and there is a need for new roads. A broader perspective Røskaft is co-coordinator of a partnership between the Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute
and NTNU that is studying the region where the road will be built. The studies provide a snapshot of the area before road construction
and will be continued after the road is built. That gives scientists the ability to detect possible problems before they get out of control Røskaft says.
Road construction clearly will have impacts adds Røskaft but it is important to see the road from a broader perspective.
In some ways he says argument over the road distracts scientists and policymakers from far more serious threats.
Here road building ranks far lower as a threat than issues such as climate change poverty high population densities
The existing road system is also problematic Røskaft says. It bisects the wilde beest calving areas
and traffic in the park has tripled over recent years with 120000 vehicles entering the park in 2011 alone.
Fully 85 per cent of these are tourist vehicles. Thus he says the new road might take some of the pressure off the roads that cross calving areas.
There is no question about it the (northern) road will come he says. What we can do is advise them
so they develop it in the least environmentally damaging way possible. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU.
We are calling for a NASA-like mission to discover 10 million species in the next 50 years.
Named obviously for the race of little people on the island of Lilliput in Jonathan swift's Gulliver's Travels.
The harp-shaped structures or vanes number from two to six and each has more than 20 parallel vertical branches often capped by an expanded balloon-like terminal ball.
In a trend-setting collision of science and social media Hock Ping Guek photographed a beautiful green lacewing with dark markings at the base of its wings in a park near Kuala lumpur
materials manufacturing usage transportation and end-of-life. These last three stages they found contributed very little to the product's carbon footprint.
We may also be seeing a slowdown of the drivers of decline. The postwar emphasis on getting land into production and on more intensive farming has given way to a more stable situation in
For example the road to acceptance of dendrimer materials was long and winding. Because this work contradicts longstanding theories about polymerization we too have faced the challenge of acceptance.
in other words it is also a transport-and storage-friendly fuel. Pellets of torrefied biomass can withstand getting wet just like coal
Besides the atmospheric impacts wildfires also modify terrestrial ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration soil fertility grazing value biodiversity and tourism.
and have discovered how to use them as drug delivery vehicles. Uofl scientists Huang-Ge Zhang D. V. M. Ph d. Qilong Wang Ph d. and their team today (May 21 2013) published their findings in Nature Communications.
It made sense for us to consider eatable plants as a mechanism to create medical nanoparticles as a potential nontoxic therapeutic delivery vehicle.
and airways could vary based on the pollutants to which they're exposed Dr. Torres-Duque noted.
All about the carbonto get an accurate picture of the range of conditions in the late Paleozoic Isbell has traveled to Antarctica 16 times
Similar to the chloroplasts in green plants that carry out photosynthesis our artificial photosynthetic system is composed of two semiconductor light absorbers an interfacial layer for charge transport
and produce charge-carriers to drive separate water reduction and oxidation half-reactions. In natural photosynthesis the energy of absorbed sunlight produces energized charge-carriers that execute chemical reactions in separate regions of the chloroplast Yang says.
We've integrated our nanowire nanoscale heterostructure into a functional system that mimics the integration in chloroplasts
When sunlight is absorbed by pigment molecules in a chloroplast an energized electron is generated that moves from molecule to molecule through a transport chain until ultimately it drives the conversion of carbon dioxide into carbohydrate sugars.
This electron transport chain is called A z-scheme because the pattern of movement resembles the letter Z on its side.
The majority charge carriers from both semiconductors recombine at the ohmic contact completing the relay of the Z-scheme similar to that of natural photosynthesis. Under simulated sunlight this integrated nanowire-based artificial photosynthesis system
#Nonsmoking hotel rooms still expose occupants to tobacco smokenon-smokers should give hotels that allow smoking in certain rooms a wide berth say the authors
and instead choose completely smoke free hotels. The researchers analysed the surfaces and air quality of rooms for evidence of tobacco smoke pollution (nicotine and 3ep) known as third hand smoke in a random sample of budget to mid-range hotels in San diego California.
Ten hotels in the sample operated complete bans and 30 operated partial smoking bans providing designated nonsmoking rooms.
Nonsmokers who spent the night at any of the hotels provided urine and finger wipe samples to assess their exposure to nicotine
and a cancer causing agent found specifically in tobacco smoke--known as NKK--as measured by their metabolites cotinine and NNAL.
The findings showed that smoking in hotels left a legacy of tobacco pollution in both smoking
Compared with hotels operating total smoking bans surface nicotine and air 3ep levels were higher in both nonsmoking and smoking rooms of hotels operating partial bans.
Surface nicotine levels were more than twice as high in nonsmoking rooms of hotels operating partial bans as those of hotels operating total smoking bans (3. 7 g/m2 compared with 1. 4 g/m2)
while air levels of 3ep were more than 7 times as high. Surface and air nicotine levels in rooms where previous guests had smoked were 35 and 22 times higher than those of rooms in hotels operating a total smoking ban.
Air nicotine levels in smoking rooms were significantly higher than in nonsmoking rooms; and they were also higher 40%higher in nonsmoking rooms of hotels operating partial smoking bans than in those operating total bans.
Similarly hallway surfaces outside smoking rooms also showed higher nicotine levels than those outside nonsmoking rooms.
Nonsmokers who stayed in hotels with partial smoking bans also had higher levels of finger nicotine
and urinary cotinine than those staying in hotels operating total bans. Urinary NNAL was also significantly higher in those staying in the 10 rooms containing the highest levels of tobacco pollutants.
Our findings demonstrate that some nonsmoking guest rooms in smoking hotels are polluted as with third hand smoke as are some smoking rooms write the authors.
Few countries have adopted a smoking ban that includes hotels say the authors but their findings suggest that it is time to abandon smoke-free exemptions for hotels they write.
New hotels should operate total smoking bans to protect not only their guests but also their employees say the authors.
In the meantime they advise: Guests who wish to protect themselves from exposure to tobacco smoke should avoid hotels that permit smoking
and instead stay in completely smoke-free hotels. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by BMJ-British Medical Journal.
Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. Journal Reference n
#New non-GM technology platform for genetic improvement of sunflower oilseed cropscientists have developed techniques for the genetic improvement of sunflowers using a non-GMO based approach.
The study was supported by CONACYT (Mexico) Howard Hughes Medical Institute the University at Buffalo College of Arts and Sciences and the National Science Foundation.
This is important because it provides the earliest archaeological evidence of this type of resource transport behavior in the human lineage.
and there would be no galaxies stars planets or people said Tim Chupp a University of Michigan professor of physics
For example we're discussing what standards the aviation sector should recognize to meet their sustainability expectations.
She stressed that international harmonization is vital for the aviation industry because of looming compliance mandates for carbon reductions in Europe.
To land a plane in Europe U s. carriers will have to prove that they have reduced their carbon footprint below a certain level.
Although the requirement has been postponed until January 2014 the aviation sector is actively seeking ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through biofuels.
An anthropometric head form was placed on an adjustable mount suspended from an overhead carriage. Each helmet in turn was placed on the head form
The LGMA established standards for farm work hygiene produce processing and transport and proximity to livestock.
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