That's because other things--a car's headlights for instance--will set a rooster off too at any time of day.
In the U s. alone cigarette smoking accounts for more deaths annually than HIV illegal drugs alcohol motor vehicle injuries suicides and murders combined.
Matt Conrad a student in Johnson's lab used three-dimensional visualization software on over 200 images to manually segment each region on three planes.
what they call the deformable pig brain atlas. We are taking 16 pigs and averaging them
It's called a deformable brain atlas because the software takes information from an individual
Dutch elm disease is believed to have originated in The himalayas travelling to Europe from the Dutch east indies in the late 1800s.
--thus still conveying the false and deceptive message that lights are safer than regular cigarettes.
when he worked with the Inupiat Eskimos of Barrow Alaska and decided to find out more about how the flexible material filters whale-sized mouthfuls of water.
The building blocks of blue-green algae#sunlight carbon dioxide and bacteria#are being used by researchers at KTH Royal Institute of technology in Stockholm to produce butanol a hydrocarbon-like fuel for motor vehicles.
since corn requires transport.##oefuel based on cyanobacteria requires very little ground space to be prepared. And the availability of raw materials-sunlight carbon dioxide and seawater-is in principle infinite#Hudson says.
There are also plans to develop fuel from cyanobacteria that are more energetic and therefore particularly suitable for aircraft engines.
and trailers totalling 25210 part or full minute intervals. Documentaries (161) news programmes (139) and soap operas (72) were the most common genres.
The break-down of content type showed that actual tobacco use occurred in 245 (1%)of all 1-minute intervals in 73 (12%)of all programmes and (0. 7%)of all adverts/trailers.
Earth Observatory and the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Much of the arid U S. Southwest is expected to get even drier as winter precipitation declines under climate change
According to crop sciences professor Gustavo Caetano-Anoll s very little is known about the evolutionary drivers for this folding.
The NASA-funded study based on newly improved ground and satellite data sets examines critically the relationship between changes in temperature and vegetation productivity in northern latitudes.
which is roughly about the area of the USA--resembling the vegetation that occurs further to the south says Dr. Compton Tucker Senior Scientist NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt Maryland.
An example of this is former England international soccer player Gary Lineker now principally a TV sports presenter who has been endorsing Walker's Crisps since 1995.
The adverts were for Walkers crisps (featuring Gary Lineker as a celebrity endorser) a different snack food or a toy product.
The children were offered two bowls of crisps to eat one labelled`Walkers'and one labelled`Supermarket'although both bowls actually contained Walkers crisps.
although both bowls contained Walkers crisps after watching the Gary Lineker advert or the general TV footage of Gary Lineker the children ate considerably more of the Walkers crisps than the children who watched the other snack food advert or the toy advert.
Dr Emma Boyland from the Institute of Psychology Health and Society who led the research said:
and who were enrolled already in the Flight attendant Medical Research Institute (FAMRI)- International Early Lung cancer Action Program CT screening program from 2005-2012.
This study was funded by the Flight attendants Medical Research Institute. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by American College of Cardiology.
and if numbers are managed not properly they can cause damage to crops as well as road traffic accidents.
Saving the species requires a coordinated global effort in the countries where elephants occur--all along the ivory smuggling routes and at the final destination in the Far east.
Results show clearly that forest elephants were increasingly uncommon in places with high human density high infrastructure density such as roads high hunting intensity
Unprotected roads most often associated with exploitation for timber or other natural resources push deeper and deeper into the wilderness tolling the death knell for forest elephants.
Large road-free areas must be maintained and the roads that do exist must have effective wildlife protection plans
if forest elephants are to survive. ZSL's West and North africa Programme Manager Mr Chris Ransom says:
It is also vital to improve control of import and sales of wildlife goods by the recipient and transit countries of illegal ivory especially in Asia.
The scientists found that declining bee species tend to have larger body sizes restricted diets and shorter flight seasons.
Comparing the visitation rates we measured to Marlin's we discovered that the bees were making fewer trips to the flowers than they had in the 1970s.
Since the end of the civil war five years ago park rangers have reduced the decline from approximately 400 to 170 elephants annually.
Despite this success the park rangers cannot keep up with the dramatic increase in demand for ivory that is being fueled by economic growth in Asia particularly China
Rebels launched a deadly attack on the park headquarters in June 2012 killing park rangers
To stop trafficking WCS works with governments to detect smuggled ivory at key ports and airports at different points in the trade chain in Africa and East asia.
The pilot organic crop farms produce around twenty percent less emissions per yield unit than conventional holdings.
Exurban homes change the environment by bringing vehicles noise lights pets people and food sources into the forest as well as by physically altering
and others to study how livestock diet affected the transport of pathogens in field runoff from manure-amended soils.
After a series of simulated rain events the team collected and analyzed samples of field runoff and determined that neither diet nor tillage management significantly affected the transport of fecal indicator bacteria.
But they did note that diet affected the transport of bacteriophages--viruses that invade bacteria--in field runoff.
and transit time and increasing the production of short-chain fatty acids. These effects promote the growth of good bugs while keeping bad bugs at bay.
Timing inconsistencies in the transits often result from the gravitational influence of other planets. So far Kepler has confirmed 105 planet discoveries to its credit
Thomas C. Baker Distinguished Professor of Entomology at Penn State knew that the male EAB locates a mate by flying over an ash tree finding a female by identifying her green wings
The pilot in Hungary used two controls--a dead EAB and a decoy made of the polymers
However on a research trip in Costa rica a biodiversity hot spot in Central america she noticed that unmanaged wild plants looked healthier than managed agricultural fields.
The goal of the project is to sequester 1 million metric tons of CO2 a year--the equivalent of removing 200000 automobiles from the road.
and can travel large distances destroying infrastructure wreaking havoc on ecosystems releasing millions of tonnes of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere and costing billions of dollars in damage.
The team looked at the dynamics of water availability to the trees by examining the ratio of oxygen isotopes in the sap contained in the tree veins that transport water.
and water-transportation stress and found no evidence of significantly decreased carbon reserves. They did find a notable depressed function in the trees'water-transport systems especially in the roots--some 70 percent loss of water conductivity.
This study pinpoints the trigger of this loss--summer temperature was the most important climate variable for explaining aspen death by drying out surface soil
and stressing the trees'water-transport system. Joe Berry a co-author and Carnegie staff scientist noted that understanding how
of wings teeth and certain bones type of hair cover and brain structures. The dataset is about 10 times larger than information used in previous studies of mammal relationships.
and enters the nucleus a gene is expressed that produces a zinc transporter called ZIP8. The transporter then rapidly mobilizes to the cell's wall where it can then shuttle zinc from the bloodstream into the cell.
After cell entry zinc is directed then to and binds to a different protein in the NF-Î B pathway.
Another peculiar feature are the so-called wings or the expanded part of epidermis near the body tip.
The function of the wings is still unknown to scientists but it has been suggested that they evolved to assist breathing in such aquatic habitats.
Because the wings will be located deep in the burrow at a low oxygen supply and are absent in sexually immature juveniles a more conventional explanation might be that they are used to aid copulation rather than respiration.
At the same time their high reactivity has raised concerns about their fate transport and toxicity in the environment.
#New retention model explains enigmatic ribbon at edge of solar systemsince its October 2008 launch NASA's Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) has provided images of the invisible interactions between our home in the galaxy and interstellar space.
or ions traveling in all directions at supersonic speeds. IBEX cameras measure energetic neutral atoms (ENAS) that form when charged particles become neutralized.
and then re-neutralized only to travel back into the solar system as ENAS a second time.
IBEX is the latest in NASA's series of low-cost rapidly developed Small Explorer space missions.
NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt Md. manages the Explorers Program for NASA's Science Mission Directorate in Washington.
which chemicals travel to reach sensory receptors for olfaction. Cockroaches clean their antennae by using forelegs to place the antennae in their mouths;
Or to put it another way that's 4 to 6 trips from Earth to the Moon and back again with plenty of miles to spare.
Albatross are remarkable fliers who travel thousands of miles on wind currents without ever flapping their wings.
and keeps the virus from traveling to the brain. Rabies continues to kill many thousands of people throughout the developing world every year
and can also affect international travelers said Leonard Both M. Sc. a researcher involved in the work from the Hotung Molecular Immunology Unit at St george's University of London in the United kingdom. An untreated rabies infection is nearly 100 percent fatal
the third pattern corresponded to a poleward shift of the westerlies toward the South pole with a weakening in the maximum strength of the jet;
Wienhold with the ARS Agroecosystem Management Research Unit in Lincoln Neb. led studies that compared runoff rates
We found that young vultures travel much further than we ever imagined to find food sometimes moving more than 220 kilometres a day.
and where tourists can see the birds up close. As a result these individuals reduced their ranging behaviour.
In the future makers of advanced biofuels might use a similar strategy blending different feedstock varieties to balance the energy characteristics of the transportation fuel they produce.
and densifying a wide range of feedstocks has significant potential for helping to make biofuels a cost-competitive transportation fuel technology.
so that they can apply the guidance the hypothesis provides. In addition to He and Bertness the paper's other author is Brown postdoctoral scholar Andrew Altieri.
institutional support of the International Pacific Research center (JAMSTEC NOAA and NASA. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by University of Hawaii at Manoa.
and aviation and allows regulated sources to trade emission allowances. Advice commonly given to consumers includes reducing the number of flights taken replacing energy-hungry appliances and lightbulbs with energy efficient ones and eating less red meat.
But in a new discussion paper by UEA's Centre for Behavioural and Experimental Social science Dr Perino says that once the EU ETS cap is in place installing energy efficient lightbulbs flying less
and some other recommended actions have no impact on total emissions as they are relocated simply to other sources via the system's trading mechanism.
because in contrast to electricity production and aviation emissions from agriculture are covered not by the EU ETS.
and lifestyle should focus on reducing emissions not regulated by the EU ETS such as road transport agriculture
Driving your car less eating less red meat and improving the insulation of your home substantially reduces your carbon footprint.
He suggests that carbon footprint labels measuring the life-cycle emissions of a product do not give consumers helpful guidance on how to reduce actual emissions
For example if you consider making a trip from London to Glasgow flying has higher physical GHG emissions than a coach journey.
However additional emissions of flights are fully offset by the EU ETS even without buying the offsets offered by most airlines
while those of the coach are not and therefore are additional. Surprising as it may sound going by coach increases total emissions more than flying.
Commenting on the paper Prof Ian Bateman director of CSERGE said: This is an interesting and useful study
Reducing our individual energy use particularly that of our travel our houses and our appliances is the quickest
and give a boost to their abil ity to take up car bon dioxide. Trees play an impor tant role in tak ing up car bon diox ide from the atmos phere
so researchers led by David Med vigy assis tant pro fes sor in Princeton's depart ment of geo sciences wanted to eval u ate pre dic tions of spring bud burst
--when decid u ous trees push out new growth after months of win ter dor mancy--from mod els that pre dict how car bon emis sions will impact global
The date of bud burst affects how much car bon diox ide is taken up each year yet most cli mate mod els have used overly sim plis tic schemes for rep re sent ing
and potato chips researchers Ellen van Kleef Mitsuru Shimizu and Brian Wansink designed a study to determine
This systematic approach yielded a so-called proteome atlas which maps out the proteins present in the various tissue types at a given point in time.
Lead coauthors Paul Abraham and Richard Giannone describe how the atlas offers a broad overview of the poplar proteome
This study was funded by the U s. Department of energy's Office of Science and the National aeronautics and space administration. Story Source:
and PSA screening history when calculating the association between eating deep-fried foods and prostate cancer risk.
While the additional water supply can be a good thing the transport pattern also accelerates the severity of monsoons and other potentially destructive seasonal weather events.
and to develop effective delivery vehicles for the mouth Failla said. The research is published in a recent issue of the journal Food Chemistry.
dynamics problem--the prediction of noise generated by a supersonic jet engine. Joseph Nichols a research associate in the center worked on the newly installed Sequoia IBM Bluegene/Q system at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories (LLNL) funded by the Advanced Simulation and Computing (ASC) Program of the National
--and also to contribute to research aimed at designing quieter aircraft engines. The physics of noisethe exhausts of high-performance aircraft at takeoff and landing are among the most powerful human-made sources of noise.
For ground crews even for those wearing the most advanced hearing protection available this creates an acoustically hazardous environment.
To the communities surrounding airports such noise is a major annoyance and a drag on property values.
Understandably engineers are keen to design new and better aircraft engines that are quieter than their predecessors.
New nozzle shapes for instance can reduce jet noise at its source resulting in quieter aircraft.
In addition to jet noise simulations Stanford researchers in the Predictive Science Academic Alliance Program (PSAAP) sponsored by the Department of energy are using the Charles code to investigate advanced-concept scramjet propulsion systems used in hypersonic flight
(with video)--flight at many times the speed of sound --and to simulate the turbulent flow over an entire airplane wing.
Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Stanford School of engineering. The original article was written by Andrew Myers. Note:
and colleagues at Brown University in a paper published online this month in ESA's journal Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment.
In the early twentieth century Cape cod was a very different place from the summer vacation destination it is today.
As land use shifted from agriculture toward tourism the local chamber of commerce funded an effort to draw off standing water through drainage ditches to suppress the mosquito population.
Ditches claimed only 2 percent of the marsh compared with the 70 percent affected by roads houses restaurants marinas and other hallmarks of a modern coastal community.
Smoke from those fires can travel long distances and poses a special threat for wine grapes.
We are familiar with how animals use a fight or flight strategy to face external challenges.
or salty environments is important in controlling the plant equivalent of fight or flight. To understand how Abscisic acid controls growth the investigators devised a strategy to inhibit the response to this hormone in different tissue layers of the root.
if R opacus can help calves stay healthy during transport. This could potentially be carried over to human health as well Donaldson said.
Indeed that protein is relatively abundant in insulin-producing islet cells of the pancreas where it aids the transport of zinc into those cells.
and land with negative effects on the environment (whereas local smallholder farmers are often in a better position to be good stewards and managers of their land and water).
#NASA ozone study may benefit air standards, climatea new NASA-led study finds that when it comes to combating global warming caused by emissions of ozone-forming chemicals location matters.
Ozone is both a major air pollutant with known adverse health effects and a greenhouse gas that traps heat from escaping Earth's atmosphere.
Research scientists Kevin Bowman of NASA's Jet propulsion laboratory Pasadena Calif. and Daven Henze of the University of Colorado Boulder set out to quantify down to areas the size of large metropolitan regions how the climate-altering impacts
The chemicals which are produced from sources such as planes factories and automobiles are converted to ozone in the presence of sunlight
and subsequently transported by wind around our planet. Among these chemicals are nitrogen dioxide carbon monoxide and non-methane hydrocarbons.
The satellite data were collected by the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer instrument on NASA's Aura spacecraft. When it comes to reducing ozone levels emission reductions in one part of the world may drive greenhouse warming more than a similar level of emission reductions elsewhere said Bowman lead author of the study published recently in the journal Geophysical Research Letters.
and natural--industrial and transportation sources make up a quarter of the total greenhouse gas effect
whereas airplanes make up only one percent. They also found that nitrogen dioxide contributes about two-thirds of the ozone greenhouse gas effect compared to carbon monoxide and non-methane hydrocarbons.
The model simulations are based upon actual observations of ozone warming effects measured by NASA's Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer satellite instrument.
http://tes. jpl. nasa. gov. You can follow JPL News on Facebook at: http://www. facebook. com/nasajpl and on Twitter at:
The California Institute of technology in Pasadena manages JPL for NASA. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by NASA/Jet propulsion laboratory.
Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. Journal Reference e
#Paradise found for Latin americas largest land mammalwildlife Conservation Society scientists have documented a thriving population of lowland tapirs--the strange forest
and wildlife including lowland tapirs including road construction logging unsustainable natural resource use and agricultural expansion. Julie Kunen WCS Director of Latin america and Caribbean Programs said:
Willow is cultivated widely across the UK destined to become biofuels for motor vehicles heating systems and industry.
study findsan area of the Amazon rainforest twice the size of California continues to suffer from the effects of a megadrought that began in 2005 finds a new NASA-led study.
An international research team led by Sassan Saatchi of NASA's Jet propulsion laboratory Pasadena Calif. analyzed more than a decade of satellite microwave radar data collected between 2000 and 2009 over Amazonia.
The observations included measurements of rainfall from NASA's Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission and measurements of the moisture content
and structure of the forest canopy (top layer) from the Seawinds scatterometer on NASA's Quikscat spacecraft.
and NASA's Ames Research center Moffett Field Calif. For more on NASA's scatterometry missions visit:
http://winds. jpl. nasa. gov/index. cfm. You can follow JPL News on Facebook at:
http://www. facebook. com/nasajpl and on Twitter at: http://www. twitter. com/nasajpl. The California Institute of technology in Pasadena manages JPL for NASA.
Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by NASA/Jet propulsion laboratory. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length h
#Heat waves, storms, flooding: Climate change to profoundly affect U s. Midwest in coming decadesin the coming decades climate change will lead to more frequent and more intense Midwest heat waves while degrading air and water quality and threatening public health.
and analyzes its likely effects on human health water energy transportation agriculture forests ecosystems and biodiversity.
and those trends are expected to continue causing erosion declining water quality and negative impacts on transportation agriculture human health and infrastructure according to the report.
The researchers measured the amount of biomass currently covering the study areas using the Carnegie Airborne Observatory (CAO)--an aircraft loaded with state-of-the-art imaging systems (funded by the Andrew Mellon Foundation.
and measuring the time it takes for the light to return to the aircraft. The study area included Kruger National park Sabi Sand Game Reserve and communal areas in the Bushbuck Ridge municipality.
As electric vehicles (EVS) increasingly enter the market and charging stations are built to serve them EVS are competing with alternative-fuel vehicles.
Using electricity generated by coal-fired plants to power the cars defeats the purpose to some extent but
what if the energy comes from the ultimate clean and renewable source--the sun itself?
which makes more sense growing fuel crops to supply alternative-fuel vehicles with ethanol and other biofuels or using photovoltaics (PV) to directly power battery electric vehicles (BEV)?
The energy source for biofuels is the sun through photosynthesis he says. The energy source for solar power is also the sun
The results which appear in a paper titled Spatially Explicit Life cycle Assessment of Sun-to-Wheels Transportation Pathways in the U s
& Technology showed photovoltaics (PV) to be much more efficient than biomass at turning sunlight into energy to fuel a car.
The researchers examined three ways of using sunlight to power cars: a) the traditional method of converting corn or other plants to ethanol;
or switchgrass for internal combustion vehicles electricity from corn or switchgrass for BEVS and PV electricity for BEVS--for every county in the contiguous United states. Focusing the LCA on three key impacts--direct land use
life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and fossil fuel requirements--the researchers identified PV electricity for battery electric vehicles as the superior sun-to-wheels conversion method.
and our quick calculations suggests that with the federal tax credit electric vehicles are already competitive.
This study shows that these lands could make a major contribution to transportation energy needs while providing substantial climate
However the proliferation of roads rail lines mining urbanization and other forms of development through the corridors jeopardize these species'ability to move between reserves.
and a broad-gauge railway line that cut across the corridor between the Kanha and Pench tiger reserves.
and conserve species and train future generations of conservationists. Headquartered In front Royal Va. SCBI facilitates
#NASA Mars rover preparing to drill into first Martian rocknasa's Mars rover Curiosity is driving toward a flat rock with pale veins that may hold clues to a wet history on the Red planet.
If the rock meets rover engineers'approval when Curiosity rolls up to it in coming days it will become the first to be drilled for a sample during the Mars Science Laboratory mission.
The size of a car Curiosity is inside Mars'Gale Crater investigating whether the planet ever offered an environment favorable for microbial life.
since the landing It has never been done on Mars said Mars Science Laboratory project manager Richard Cook of NASA's Jet propulsion laboratory in Pasadena Calif. The drill hardware interacts energetically with Martian material we don't control.
Then the rover will drill and ingest more samples from this rock which it will analyze for information about its mineral and chemical composition.
Researchers have used the rover's Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI) to examine sedimentary rocks in the area.
The different grain sizes tell us about different transport conditions. JPL a division of Caltech manages the Mars Science Laboratory Project for NASA's Science Mission Directorate in Washington.
To see an image of the rock visit: http://photojournal. jpl. nasa. gov/catalog/PIA16567.
For more information about the mission visit: http://www. jpl. nasa. gov/msl http://www. nasa. gov/msl and http://mars. jpl. nasa. gov/msl.
Follow the mission on Facebook and Twitter at: http://www. facebook. com/marscuriosity and http://www. twitter. com/marscuriosity.
The above story is provided based on materials by NASA/Jet propulsion laboratory. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length h
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