Tropes

ScienceDaily_2013 18244.txt

#Heat waves, storms, flooding: Climate change to profoundly affect U s. Midwest in coming decadesin the coming decades climate change will lead to more frequent and more intense Midwest heat waves while degrading air and water quality and threatening public health. Intense rainstorms and floods will become more common and existing risks to the Great lakes will be exacerbated. Those are some of the conclusions contained in the Midwest chapter of a draft report released last week by the federal government that assesses the key impacts of climate change on every region in the country and analyzes its likely effects on human health water energy transportation agriculture forests ecosystems and biodiversity. Three University of Michigan researchers were lead convening authors of chapters in the 1100-plus-page National Climate Assessment which was written by a team of more than 240 scientists. University of Michigan aquatic ecologist Donald Scavia was a lead convening author of the Midwest chapter. Dan brown of the School of Natural resources and Environment was a lead convening author of the chapter on changes in land use and land cover. Rosina Bierbaum of SNRE and the School of Public health was a lead convening author of the chapter on climate change adaptation. Missy Stults a research assistant with Bierbaum and a doctoral student at the A. Alfred Taubman College of Architecture and Urban planning was a contributing author on the adaptation chapter. In addition Bierbaum and Marie O'neill of the School of Public health serve on the 60-person advisory committee that oversaw development of the draft report which is the third federal climate assessment report since 2000. The report stresses that climate change is already affecting Americans that many of its impacts are expected to intensify in coming decades and that the changes are driven primarily by human activity. Climate change impacts in the Midwest are expected to be as diverse as the landscape itself. Impacts are already being felt in the forests in agriculture in the Great lakes and in our urban centers said Scavia director of the Graham Sustainability Institute and special counsel to the U-M president on sustainability issues. In the Midwest extreme rainfall events and floods have become more common over the last century and those trends are expected to continue causing erosion declining water quality and negative impacts on transportation agriculture human health and infrastructure according to the report. Climate change will likely worsen a host of existing problems in the Great lakes including changes in the range and distribution of important commercial and recreational fish species increases in invasive species declining beach health and more frequent harmful algae blooms. However declines in ice cover on the Great lakes may lengthen the commercial shipping season. In agriculture longer growing seasons and rising carbon dioxide levels are likely to increase the yields of some Midwest crops over the next few decades according to the report though those gains will be increasingly offset by the more frequent occurrence of heat waves droughts and floods. In the long term combined stresses associated with climate change are expected to decrease agricultural productivity in the Midwest. The composition of the region's forests is expected to change as rising temperatures drive habitats for many tree species northward. Many iconic tree species such as paper birch quaking aspen balsam fir and black spruce are projected to shift out of the United states into Canada. The rate of warming in the Midwest has accelerated over the past few decades according to the report. Between 1900 and 2010 the average Midwest air temperature increased by more than 1 Degree fahrenheit. However between 1950 and 2010 the average temperature increased twice as quickly and between 1980 and 2010 it increased three times as quickly. The warming has been more rapid at night and during the winter. The trends are consistent with the projected effects of increased concentrations of heat-trapping greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide released by the burning of fossil fuels. Projections for regionally averaged temperature increases by the middle of the century relative to 1979-2000 are approximately 3. 8 degrees Fahrenheit for a scenario with substantial emissions reductions and 4. 9 degrees for the current high -emissions scenario. Projections for the end of the century in the Midwest are about 5. 6 degrees for the low-emissions scenario and 8. 5 degrees for the high-emissions scenario according to the report. The draft National Climate Assessment report is available at http://ncadac. globalchange. gov. A summary of associated technical input papers is available at www. glisa. umich. edu. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by University of Michigan. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length h

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