for long-term problems associated with issues such as ocean acidification and rising sea levels. The word'compensation'raises concerns in industrialized nations, who don't want to sign a blank cheque,
The Alliance of Small Island States, for instance, often pushes for aggressive action to reduce greenhouse gases because of its pressing concern over rising sea levels,
says the USGS. Coal-fired power plants are the main source of mercury reaching US waterways.
AP) Number crunch<br></br>16.99 °C<br></br>The average surface temperature of the world's oceans in June and July 2009 the warmest measured
and 5. 4 °C and sea levels will ascend by between 26 cm and 59 cm compared to 1990 levels.
The US Fish and Wildlife Service proposed on 22 october to designate around 500,000 square kilometres of critical habitat 96%of which is sea ice for the polar bear.
The bear was listed as a threatened species in 2008 owing to projections of sea-ice declines caused by global warming.
and Ocean Salinity satellite. go. nature. com/shq161 2 â oe6 November Nairobi, Kenya, hosts the Multilateral Initiative on Malaria's fifth Pan-African Malaria Conference. www. mimalaria. org/pamc 2 â oe6 November The United nations Framework
The sea of tents around the university has disappeared now. The new university year was able to open just two weeks later than usual on 19 october.
and NASA's US$280 million Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO) crashed into the sea, dashing the hopes of scientists who wanted to use the satellite to measure sources
to that seen when sea ice melts and exposes darker surface water, thus accelerating the melting effect there.
because the sea ice that holds fast to the coast for much of the year is breaking up earlier,
he said on 25 february at the American Geophysical Union's 2010 Ocean Sciences meeting in Portland,
they usually sink to the bottom of the ocean, carrying their carbon with them. Back in 1900,
But even if ocean food supplies are limited, there could still be a substantial increase in total biomass owing to the difference in size between whales
The iron in whale faeces is an important micronutrient that is often in short supply in waters such as the Southern Ocean,
Pershing adds that the same analysis applies to other large ocean animals whose populations have been reduced drastically, such as bluefin tuna and some species of shark.
The census found that agriculture was more damaging to China's waterways than manufacturing. In 2007, agriculture was responsible for 43.7%of the total 30.3 million tonnes of chemical oxygen demand (COD) a measure of organic pollutants in water.
and oceans to futuristic'solar-radiation management'techniques for example, creating haze in the stratosphere to act as a cheap layer of sunscreen.
Another cadre of researchers is pushing a more benign technology that involves seeding clouds with sea salt to increase their brightness.
The technique could be focused on regional problems such as disappearing Arctic sea ice say advocates, who suggest that a research programme could be presented to the intergovernmental Arctic Council for approval.
the team also correlated rainfall patterns with nearly 150 years of sea-surface-temperature recordings throughout the Pacific and Atlantic oceans.
Colorado, reveals how distant ocean conditions might affect Asian weather again, useful for refining climate models.
by hot air rising inland over the continents, pulling in moisture from the sea. Future changes in that process will be driven not just by traditional patterns of sea-surface-temperature fluctuations
but by changes in sunlight-reducing haze from air pollution from industrialized areas of China, for example,
and differences in the degree to which global warming affects sea and land. The drivers today are different,
Increased planting of herbicide-tolerant crops may also have reduced the use of many herbicides that linger in soil and waterways
Research A microbial world Estimates for the number of microbial species in the world's oceans have jumped massively.
But the latest analyses indicate that the oceans are home to at least 20 million types,
The protected biodiversity hot spot covers more than half a million square kilometres of ocean, and will include a'no-take'reserve where all commercial fishing is banned.
but that the specimens came from a strip of trees along a waterway through a savannah1.
Number crunch 14.5 °C April's combined land and sea surface temperature: the hottest April on record, at 0. 76 °C above the average for the twentieth century.
and sea level rise of different greenhouse-gas emissions scenarios. It also concludes that once the global average temperature warms beyond a certain point,
Nature Newsthe colour of her historic, red wood villa on the Bosporus waterfront in Istanbul may be fading,
With a limited labour force but ample subsidized chemical fertilizer available in most of rural China, dumping this phosphate-rich animal manure into waterways has become an easier and cheaper option than using it to fertilize cropland.
A pollution census conducted by China's government earlier this year earlier this year see'China takes stock of environment')found that livestock is the largest contributor to run off pollution from the land into waterways,
a study of ocean sediments suggests. The findings, published in this week's Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences1,
Dahl's team looked at the concentration of molybdenum and the ratios of its isotopes atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons and different masses in oceanic rocks for clues to the concentration of oxygen in the seas
Molybdenum in sea water behaves in different ways, depending on the concentration of oxygen. In oxygenated water, the lighter of the two main molybdenum isotopes 95mo and 98mo is absorbed into the seabed
leaving the heavier isotope in solution. Sea water gets lighter and heavier as a measure of the balance between oxic
and anoxic conditions, says Tim Lyons, a geochemist at the University of California, Riverside. Patterns of heavy and light molybdenum in sea water, reflecting oxygenation levels, are captured in deposited rocks called shales.
By examining the shale strata, scientists can chart periods of low and high oxygenation in the history of the seabed and, by inference, in the oceans themselves.
Levels of oxygenation in the oceans are assumed to reflect levels in the atmosphere. Dahl's study uncovered two periods when heavy molybdenum isotopes show up in the shale records
suggesting that oxygen levels increased in the Ediacaran period, about 560-550 million years ago,
when oceans are ventilated the oxygen in the atmosphere is going up, but that isn't necessarily the case,
adding that lowering the supply of nutrients in the ocean also increases oxygenation, as animal life respires less.
The Maya's home was a tough environment replete with recurring droughts and rising sea levels,
In areas where she had some expertise clouds and sea ice, for example she felt that the report's authors were not appropriately careful.
or How much will sea level rise? Instead the experts give ranges and confidence intervals and the like. More important, other scientists part ways with Curry over how significant those uncertainties are to the final calculation.
and how much that extra water should raise sea level. Warming, though, could also affect the rate at
which glaciers flow from the ice sheets down to the sea to dump icebergs, which raises sea level independently.
Predicting the latter effect is tougher. In fact, Curry says, we don't know how to quantify it, so we don't even include it in our models.
citing diminished sea ice in their native habitats. The final decision will be made after a period of 60 days to allow public comment;
Susan Lieberman, director of international policy for the Pew Environment Group in WASHINGTON DC, says the agreement showed that management of high seas fisheries was flawed and inadequate.
and Wildlife Service has set aside roughly 484,000 square kilometres in Alaska and the surrounding seas as a'critical habitat'for the polar bear (Ursus maritimus),
Almost all of the protected area is sea ice off Alaska's northern and western coasts.
Business BP in Russian deal BP is joining up with Russia's state oil company Rosneft to drill in the Arctic waters of the Kara Sea.
000-square-kilometre area that it compares in potential to the north Sea. Rosneft will get 5%of BP's ordinary shares, worth around US$8 billion.
The ocean absorbs some 25%of the world's carbon-dioxide emissions, and in its watery depths are acres of seagrass meadows that use about 15%of the dissolved carbon to grow.
quite literally, a drop in the ocean compared with Earth's other carbon sinks. But Crooks points out that marine carbon circulation models have tended to consider wetlands'current carbon sequestration abilities,
Arctic fishing Fishing catches in the seasonally ice-free Arctic Sea by Russia the United states and Canada were 75 times greater than reported to the United nations'Food and agriculture organization from 1950 to 2006, according to estimates published last week (D. Zeller et al.
for example, has moved from the warming seas off mainland Australia and has invaded more temperate waters off Tasmania.
the fact that many are dying after high ocean temperature events may have something to do with humans stressing them with pollution, dynamite fishing, recreational activities and coastal development.
if the reefs were overstressed not by other things humans are doing again, we'll never know.
When global pressures, including rising ocean temperatures or ocean acidification, are taken into account, about 75%are threatened,
with the proportion expected to rise to 90%by 2030. The World Resources Institute in WASHINGTON DC published the statistics on 23 february in Reefs at Risk
a report updating a 1998 study. The latest report emphasized that reefs affect society, providing food and coastline protection,
and said that they can rebound if communities stop unsustainable practices. Oil-spill health study A study claiming to be the largest ever to follow up the long-term effects of an oil spill on human health was launched on 28 february (see nihgulfstudy. org.
A flight test vehicle, Enterprise, will travel to the Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum in New york city.
The team found that this underground layer is thicker in mangrove forests in estuaries than in those near the ocean
the relative area of mangrove forests in estuaries compared with those near oceans, and the effect of land-use changes on carbon release from soils.
cleaning up contaminated soil and waterways, and the development of large-scale livestock farms to make it easier to collect
hydro, wind, solar, geothermal and oceans). More than half of the 164 future scenarios presented in the report suggest that these sources will provide more than 27%of the global energy supply by 2050.
Ancient sea jelly makes tree of life wobble: Nature News A 580-million-year-old fossil is casting doubt on the established tree of animal life.
believe that Eoandromeda is the ancient ancestor of modern ocean dwellers known as comb jellies gelatinous creatures similar to jellyfish,
but in theory, the stable temperatures and ph of sea water should preserve DNA well, adds Matthew Collins, a bioarchaeologist from the University of York,
which sticks out from the Amundsen Sea coast on the west of the continent. The rift (pictured, around 80 metres wide and 50 metres deep) was seen first in Mid-october by NASA's Operation Icebridge project, which released images last week.
Island states threatened by rising seas, such as Grenada and Papua new guinea, had hoped for more immediate, aggressive steps.
such as improved access to Arctic shipping routes owing to melting sea ice, increased wheat yields as a result of warmer conditions,
which is less abundant in the world s oceans than brown seaweed, but"relatively easy to ferment using yeast,
See page 289 for more on the flu-virus debate. go. nature. com/pf7bwv20-24 february Marine scientists'responses to the Gulf of mexico oil spill in 2010 are discussed among topics at the Ocean Sciences Meeting in Salt lake city, Utah
Geochemist Germain Bayon and his colleagues at The french Research Institute for Exploration of the Sea in Plouzanã examined the weathering of sediment samples drawn from the mouth of the Congo river.
"I don't know that it's a sea change yet, Gibbs says, "but they are definitely changing the rules
This'deep sequencing'technique has been used to characterize mixtures of microbes living in environments such as oceans and animal guts.
covering 3. 1 Â million square kilometres of ocean along the nation s coasts. Researchers were worried by draft proposals last year (see Nature 480,14-15;
Ocean acidity The International atomic energy agency (IAEA), based in Vienna, is to create a centre to facilitate
and communicate research into ocean acidification, it announced on 18 june. The centre, to be launched this summer at the IAEA s Environmental Laboratories in Monaco,
affected by acidifying oceans.  German excellence Thirty-nine universities have won each a share of  2. 4  billion (US$3 billion) in the second round of Germany s Excellence Initiative
Russia, the United nations educational scientific and cultural organization s World Heritage Committee meets to discuss the state of conservation sites including Australia s Great Barrier  Reef. whc36-russia2012. ru26-28 june
marine scientists plan out an international network to monitor the acidification of the oceans. go. nature. com/lopgt6
depending on the size of the waterway, the revised law and presidential order reduce those requirements to just 5-100 metres.
of sea to reach Wolf, probably carried by pirates and whalers. Using DNA from museum specimens
so that they can tolerate irrigation with sea water? It would be really presumptuous of me to say,
nsidcarctic sea-ice coverage reached the lowest point of this year s summer melt on 16 Â September, the US National Snow and Ice Data center in Boulder,
On that date, around 3. 41 million square kilometres of sea in the Arctic were covered at least 15 in ice,
and large areas of ocean and coastlines are polluted. What role should the federal government play domestically
and through foreign policy to protect the environmental health and economic vitality of the oceans? We are directing additional funding to Gulf Coast restoration to bring back the fisheries and coastal ecosystems
These are significant steps that are helping us improve the health of our oceans and build more robust fisheries.
and vitality of the oceans and to adjust policy when necessary. A Romney Administration will safeguard the long-term health of fisheries,
they would be reared similarly isolated from the ocean. The prospects for research are better outside the United states. Last year,
Scientists assume that the rest is absorbed largely by the oceans and plants, but ground-based monitoring stations are too few and far apart to pinpoint the sinks.
but the severe droughts of 2005 and 2010 seem to have been influenced by warmer sea-surface temperatures in the North Atlantic ocean.
Jane Lubchencolubchenco (pictured) promoted a new US oceans policy and overhauled the way the agency disseminated environmental data.
Her successor will face questions about catch limits in ocean fisheries, and will need to resolve cost overruns
fuelling concerns over the future of glaciers that hold enough water to raise global sea levels by around 7 Â metres.
it also implies that Antarctica has much greater potential to raise sea levels than previously thought.
respectively enough to raise sea levels by about 0. 6 millimetres per year3. Scientists think that by 2100
the global sea level may have risen by 0. 5-1. 2 metres above current levels. Although ice loss is currently greatest in Greenland,
Comb jellies paddle through the sea with iridescent cilia and snare prey with sticky tentacles. They are much more complex than sponges they have nerves, muscles, tissue layers and light sensors, all of which the sponges lack."
which can reveal changes in ice mass and ocean circulation; SMOS is measuring soil moisture and ocean salinity;
and Cryosat-2 is monitoring variations in sea-ice thickness and changes in the mass of large ice sheets and glaciers.
Three further missions Swarm, ADM-Aeolus and Earthcare are scheduled for launch over the next three years,
and a belt extending around the Bohai Sea to Liaoning province in the north. Gilbert was one of more than 30 international experts who gathered at the Food and agriculture organization of the united nations in Rome for a two-day meeting last week to discuss the current H7n9 outbreaks.
boosting ocean productivity and salmon populations. On 17 april, the corporation filed a court brief arguing that Canadian anti-dumping regulations do not apply to"ocean pasture replenishment and restoration.
Source: Thomson Reuters Point Carbonprices for allowances to emit a tonne of carbon dioxide on Europe s carbon-trading market are likely to remain low until 2020,
Melting sea ice exposes dark water, allowing the ocean to soak up more heat. Arctic warming speeds the release of carbon dioxide from permafrost.
And, as researchers discussed at a meeting last week in Seefeld, Austria, climate extremes heatwaves,
and think that coastal communities should be prepared better for rising seas and stronger storms, a survey published on 28 march has found.
Aurora Photos/Alamyus waterways in bad shape More than half of US rivers and streams are in a poor environmental condition,
The data from 2008-09 the most recent available show that 28%of the nation s waterways have excessive levels of nitrogen
US National Snow and Ice Data Centera record low in the extent of sea ice in the Arctic last September has been followed by a record refreezing of uncovered ocean surface,
and think,'what can we do to keep the oceans clean
Amazon plant discovery could yield green cash cropin a farmer s garden deep in the Peruvian Amazon in August 2012, Rainer Bussmann and Carlos Vega struck oil.
The Samoylov station, located on a small island in the Lena Delta close to the Laptev Sea, replaces a 15-year-old small wooden station situated nearby.
Canada. go. nature. com/enai636-8 may Darmstadt, Germany, hosts the first international meeting on research into ocean colour science:
how satellite observations of the ocean can infer photosynthesis and other activity from colour. go. nature. com/ubntid
visitors will encounter a shiny expanse of recycled plastic jutting out to sea on a platform of steel-reinforced concrete."
would have banned fishing in 1. 6  million  square  kilometres of the Ross Sea
In October, construction of an 8-metre-high, 27-kilometre-long sea wall is set to begin at the heart of the reserve.
and sea walls have been used in past decades to reclaim land from the sea for agriculture and other human uses.
permanent sea wall to resolve it. Melville and other experts note that an 8-metre-high wall accounting for more than 80%of the project s budget is unnecessary
For example, without the ebb and flow of tides, the sea bulrush (Scirpus mariqueter), a native intertidal grass bearing fruit and stalks that are key food sources for many birds
they would cost much less than a sea wall, be easier to secure approval for, and could eradicate the cordgrass in the entire reserve while retaining natural tidal rhythms.
But"factors other than conservation were likely to be involved in the decision-making process that led to the plan for a permanent sea wall,
Reclaiming land from the sea is seen as an easy and cheap option. Researchers such as Li are pragmatic about the possibility that part of the reserve might one day be coopted for farming."
The calving event dumped a 720-square-kilometre chunk of ice into the Amundsen Sea off western Antarctica,
Arctic ice low The extent of Arctic sea ice reached its minimum for the year on 13 Â September,
Estrada's study would be had stronger it also considered changes in ocean heat uptake and aerosol cooling,
led by Sylvain Bonhommeau, a fisheries scientist at The french Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea in S Â te,
The efforts could herald a sea change for imaging. Conventional imaging satellites, which are the size of a van
Sea sickness Europe s seas are in poor health. This is the conclusion of two reports published on 20 Â February detailing the state of the continent s marine ecosystems.
One of the reports, from the European commission, says that the European union is failing to meet a pledge to clean up its seas by 2020.
Fukushima water Radioactive cooling water stored at the destroyed Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant might need to be dumped into the sea.
and predict the periodic and disruptive ocean-warming event known as El  Ni  o. The 2014 federal-government budget,
The goal was to restore sandbars and beaches in areas such as Grand canyon national park, but early attempts failed
the Northern Sea Route a shipping lane running through the Arctic could be ice-free and navigable for at least nine weeks each year,
It also projects that the region s waterways will see rising activity from fishing, tourism,
For now at least the moon is like the sea: everyone can use it but no one can own it.
and the high seas than we are to treat it like Manhattan. If not he says we would take all the problems
I have heard of life being found at the bottom of the ocean. It seems life
As this subterranean ocean of liquid metal slowly whirls around it behaves like a dynamo generating electrical currents and magnetic fields.
Remarkable footage has been taken of one of them with huge upwelling of ocean water as magma boils it from below.
While I find the animal habitat strange to see perhaps scientifically it would prove to be beneficial similar to artificial underwater reefs.
and sea salt (Has to be iodized NON) 2 teaspoons of salt to 1 quart of WARM water. maybe a pinch of lemon juice and then down the hatch.
and sea) available to provide resources and to absorb wastes under the constraints of current technology and management practices.
Overfishing of the oceans is a real problem. Aquaculture is improving rapidly to address those concerns.
Beyond that is being absorbed into the oceans and raising the ppm of the atmosphere. Both are warming.
As for the free carbon acidifying the ocean why would that be worrying? The acidity is neutralized by the dissolution of Calcium
which gave them an advantage over the various shellfish that dominated earlier oceans). Likewise when that carbon is needed that calcium will be freed up once again.
The report also adjusts its expectations for important climate change effects such as how much sea levels will rise
They drive decisions about what do to prepare towns and nations for rising sea levels more extreme weather and other effects from climate change.
If my local community suggested addressing concerns about a 1-3 foot sea level rise between now and the year 2100
because the sea level is going to rise 23 meters destroy Manhattan and Florida and cause the near-extinction of humanity by this time next Friday that's hype hysteria and purposeful misrepresentation of
the largest year to year drop in Arctic sea ice; the rapid melting of glaciers; the National Weather Service having to recalculate wind chill to accommodate the air having more heat than it used to;
It is obvious from past IPCC assessments that they exclude studies that show no significant warming no significant sea level rise no significant negative impact of climate change and so forth.
Their preordained conclusion is that human CO2 emissions are causing catastrophic global warming and sea level rise.
The IPCC bases its predictions on computer-generated global climate models not on extrapolating real world measures of things like sea level rise or global temperature trends.
and sea level rise based on arbitrary guesstimates of how much say CO2 aerosols water vapor etc. affects global climate.
http://www. ncdc. noaa. gov/sotc/service/global/global-land-ocean-mntp-anom/201101-201112. pngco2 measured at Mauna loa compared to temperatures:
Current global sea level rise appears to be slowing slightly from the 60-year trend of 1. 7 Ã0. 3 mm per year.
Ã0. 8 mm/yr. By the way 1. 7 mm a year works out to 6. 7 inches of sea level rise every 100 years. http://ibis
a) in their parameterizations of climate feedbacks and atmosphere-ocean coupling;(b) in their neglect of indirect response by the stratosphere and of possible additional climate effects linked to solar magnetic field UV radiation solar flares and cosmic ray intensity modulations;(
For the past few years Terrill's team has used a Remus to study the ocean circulation around Palau.
A b-24 that he believes had been shot down in Palau's western reef. With the oceanographers'help he hopes Bentprop could find it.
and made for the island's western reef. Then he tightened his seat belt locked the canopy back and turned off the plane's engine switch.
and swam across the reef where a rescue aircraft swept down to pick him up.
Today Mccullah's plane rests intact on the seabed with its nose up against the edge of the reef like a car driven up onto a curb and abandoned.
and the reef has crept into the propellers and the engine; a large bulbous coral head has taken up occupancy in the cockpit.
3-D models would enable them to detect how ocean acidification and events like typhoons alter reefs over time.
And of course Scannon hopes that one day AUVS will lead him to his biggest find the final B-24
They have amazing sub-sea devices! Great article!!The final Youtube video at the end was chilling!
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