but none was so strong and abrupt as the change 43000 years ago caused by the extinction researcher Stefan Schouten a geochemist at the NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research told Livescience.
Global warming the gradual heating of Earth's surface oceans and atmosphere has emerged as one of the most vexing environmental issues of our time.
and sea level was up to 131 feet (40 meters) higher in some areas. The effects of global warming are already visible in many areas of the world:
substance into the ocean. It's sunk to the bottom of the harbor Jeff Hull a spokesman for Matson Inc. the company responsible for the leak told the Los angeles times. Unlike oil which can be cleaned from the surface molasses sinks.
The remaining 70 percent of incoming solar radiation is absorbed by the oceans the land and the atmosphere.
As they heat up the oceans land and atmosphere release heat in the form of IR thermal radiation
If global warming continues unchecked it will cause significant climate change a rise in sea levels increasing ocean acidification extreme weather events and other severe natural and societal impacts according to NASA the EPA
and ocean sinks mask the extent of how rapidly the planet is warming from greenhouse gases.
It will also confirm the accelerated rate of change for impacts such as sea-level rise the steady retreat of Arctic sea ice
Although salt is plentiful in the ocean the molecule technically known as sodium chloride is often a rare and valuable resource on land.
Male smallmouth bass with female characteristics namely immature egg cells in their testes were discovered in the drainage areas of the Susquehanna Delaware
otherwise a sea of short dry grasses said lead study author Wendy Turner an ecologist at the University of Oslo in Norway.
and farms are getting smarter about water In hundreds of cities a fraction-of-an-inch of rainfall can overwhelm sewer systems and trigger the discharge of sewage into waterways.
The ocean-dwelling creatures are so unusual that an entire new taxonomic family was created to classify them scientists report today (Sept. 3) in the journal PLOS ONE.
Mysterious Ocean-Dwelling'Mushrooms'Only 18 Dendrogramma specimens exist; they were caught all in 1988 on a research ship exploring the eastern Bass Strait between Australia and Tasmania.
and sediment scooped from 3280 feet (1000 meters) below the ocean surface. After returning to shore scientists sifted through the marine life collected during the research cruise.
and their tiny hairless bodies also lack the swimming cilia that define comb jellies another type of translucent ocean blob.
Scientists have estimated that as many as 600000 new species remain undiscovered in the ocean. No genetic data exists to help place Dendrogramma in the tree of life.
but it doesn't differ very much from similar species that live closer to sea level. Photos:
or to arrest poachers saving thousands of dollars in fuel that is normally spent cruising the ocean in search of poachers.
They're coming back from the ocean into freshwater streams to breed and have absorbed already their digestive systems.
Goblin sharks live in the deep ocean more than 200 meters 660 feet down where they would never encounter a human said Chip Cotton a fisheries ecologist at Florida State university.
Inside the C# was the Tethys Ocean and most of the rest of Earth was the Panthalassic Ocean.
Because Pangaea was so immense the interior portions of the continent had a much cooler drier climate than had existed in the Carboniferous.
Little is known about the huge Panthalassic Ocean as there is little exposed fossil evidence available. Fossils of the shallower coastal waters around the Pangaea continental shelf indicate that reefs were large and diverse ecosystems with numerous sponge
and coral species. Ammonites similar to the modern nautilus were common as were brachiopods. The lobe-finned
Lowered sea levels and volcanic fallout would account for the evidence of much higher levels of carbon dioxide in the oceans
Along the way she encountered 5500-year-old Antarctic moss 80000-year-old aspen colonies and 100000-year-old underwater meadows of sea grass.
Macqueen recommended that nobody should paddle in the sea and the main thoroughfare Union street was sprayed with disinfectant.
#Dinosaur-Killing Asteroid Triggered Lethal Acid rain The oceans soured into a deadly sulfuric-acid stew after the huge asteroid impact that wiped out the dinosaurs a new study suggests.
Eighty percent of the planet's species died off at the end of the Cretaceous period 65.5 million years ago including most marine life in the upper ocean as well as swimmers and drifters in lakes and rivers.
The intense acid rainfall only spiked the upper surface of the ocean with sulfuric acid leaving the deeper waters as a refuge.
The 10 Best Ways to Destroy Earth The ocean-acidification theory has been put forth before
and into the ocean the researchers said. The tiny droplets likely stuck to pulverized silicate rock debris raining down on the planet
s<a href=http://www. livescience. com/11283-glaciers. html>glaciers</a>feed the scenic White river of Washington state which flows into the Puyallup River and Puget sound.
</p><p>Another White river makes the list of endangered waterways in the No. 7 spot.
They focused on the western Sierra between about 6000 and 8000 feet (1800 and 2400 meters) above sea level where glaciers did not remove soil during the last ice age.
The lanternfishes congregate in an ocean region called the polar front where cold polar water meets the warmer tropical water creating a sharp temperature gradient.
when life outside of the oceans began to diversify. At the beginning of the Triassic most of the continents were concentrated in the giant C-shaped supercontinent known as Pangaea.
Late in the Triassic seafloor spreading in the Tethys Sea led to rifting between the northern and southern portions of Pangaea
The oceans had been depopulated massively by the Permian Extinction when as many as 95 percent of extant marine genera were wiped out by high carbon dioxide levels.
The mid-to late Triassic period shows the first development of modern stony corals and a time of modest reef building activity in the shallower waters of the Tethys near the coasts of Pangaea.
Early in the Triassic a group of reptiles the Order ichthyosauria returned to the ocean. Fossils of early ichthyosaurs are lizard-like
By the mid-Triassic the ichthyosaurs were dominant in the oceans. One genus Shonisaurus measured more than 50 feet long (15 meters)
#Stress Makes Antarctic Penguins Less-Attentive Parents Stress induced by changes in Antarctic sea ice may cause adult male Adã lie penguins to be less attentive to their chicks and may increase chick mortality according to a new study.
Adã lie penguins#medium-size cousins of emperor penguins common along much of the Antarctic coastline spend lots of time on sea ice searching for the krill that they feed on in the water below.
In recent years changes in the distribution of sea ice have forced the penguins to travel farther
Adã lie penguins Cope with Changing Sea Ice Conditions. Changed ice more stress As the distribution of sea ice is projected to continue to change throughout the century as climate change progresses researchers based at the University of Strasbourg in France were interested in determining how this environmental stress may impact the future population of Adã lies on the southernmost continent.
The team traveled down to the eastern coast of Antarctica to observe a colony during a breeding season from Mid-november 2009 through Mid-february 2010
But the new findings do add to the growing body of evidence suggesting penguin populations may shrink with future changes in sea ice.
But the problem in recent years would be the food availability and the sea-ice conditions in Antarctica.
Changes in sea-ice distribution hit one particular Adã lie colony hard this year: On eastern Antarctica's Petrel Island not a single chick has survived the 2013-2014 summer season among the 20000 breeding pairs that live there Thierry said.
Green sea turles (Chelonia myadis) on the other hand are herbivores that feed on algae and seagrasses. A freshwater turtle's diet is varied
and life in the dark oceans was driven nearly to extinction. Yet somewhere in the midst of this two-headed crisis a new and more complex form of life emerged:
and other effects that were devastating for most land plants and animals and much of life in the sea.
Rob Robbins and Steve Rupp have been diving under the Antarctic sea ice for a combined 60 years.
above an old mulberry couch a map labeled Ross Sea Soundings in Fathom and Feet;
Man in the Sea Volumes I & II; Mixed Gas Diving; and the Antarctica Scientific Diving Manual which includes this advice:
Beneath 10 feet of sea ice is a wildly colorful dense and ever-changing aquatic landscape
and they may not have the capacity to adapt to our swiftly escalating ocean temperatures and acidification of the water.
a tiny heated shed plopped on top of a large hole drilled in the middle of the Ross Sea ice.
which simulate the best-and worst-case scenarios for ocean warming and acidification forecasted for the next century.
In the past 200 years the ocean has absorbed 50 percent of our skyrocketing carbon emissions and even if we hugely curb our destructive output the ocean is headed still for a record change in temperature and chemical makeup.
Todgham and her team want to know how the combination of warming and acidity will impact these fragile fish
Somewhere below the sea ice as we dug into our mashed potatoes and green beans hundreds of dragonfish mothers stood guarding their eggs dedicated and hardworking guardians of the next generation.*
or wedge into the ocean with volcanoes Chiappe said. It was a moist temperate forest mostly of conifer trees and gingkos with dry hot summers and pretty cold winters.
#Massive Antarctic Glacier Uncontrollably Retreating, Study Suggests The glacier that contributes more to sea level rise than any other glacier on Antarctica has hit a tipping point of uncontrollable retreat
which would raise average global sea level by between 10 and 16 feet (3 and 5 meters).
As it slips into the ocean the glacier's ice shelf#the part that floats on water
Last year an iceberg larger than the city of Chicago broke off into the surrounding Amundsen Sea.'
Their models suggest that this would cause the glacier to uncontrollably retreat about 25 miles (40 kilometers) over the next several decades potentially raising global sea levels by more than 0. 4 inches (1 centimeter.
#Tomatoes Watered by the Sea: Sprouting a New Way of Farming (Op-Ed) This article was published originally at The Conversation.
ocean explorers Sylvia Earle and Walter Munk; retired NASA astronaut Franklin Chang DÃ az; and planetary scientist Maria Zuber.
#Nearly 600 Years of Tree Rings Show Altered Ocean Habitat Ocean currents that deliver important nutrients to shallow coastal waters have become weaker and more variable over the last half-century
Researchers pieced together this long-term look at ocean trends from an unlikely source: tree rings. Coastal upwelling happens
when winter winds lift deep nutrient-rich waters up to the shallow layers of the sea.
The Wonders of the Deep Sea But the weather pattern that causes the coastal upwelling also blocks storms from coming ashore.
Scientists think the shrinking glacier could raise global sea level by up to 0. 4 inches (10 millimeters) in the next few decades.
and its flow to the sea has sped up. The glacier's grounding line the point at
warm ocean water melting the ice shelf that holds the glacier back like a buttress. Ice shelves are the portions of glaciers that float on the water.
Antarctica's Pine Island Glacier Is Rifting Before Pine Island Glacier starting shrinking about 8000 years ago there was a large ice shelf in the Amundsen Sea Embayment.
when warmer ocean waters melted it from below. The same scenario plays out today with warm ocean currents melting the bottom of Antarctic ice shelves studies show.
when playing in the sea than at other times perhaps because they are more conspicuous and less vigilant.
Rapid change Prior studies found that 170 years after the onset of cooling North Atlantic winter sea ice reached southward enough to channel dry polar air into Western europe
We hypothesize that isolation of the prehistoric Tiburã n bighorn sheep population resulting from sea level rise combined with subsequent drivers that act on small populations including inbreeding overharvesting by hunters
On Thursday (May 15) a high tide surged past a stubborn sandbar and connected the river with the Sea of Cortez said Francisco Zamora director of the Colorado river Delta Legacy Program for the Sonoran Institute.
Because of water use upstream little flow from the 1450-mile Colorado river 2330 kilometers has reached the sea in 50 years.
Zamora watched the high tides make the final link between river and sea last week via a pilot channel dug by the Sonoran Institute to increase freshwater flow into the Gulf of california.
The freshwater comes from agricultural runoff and releases from wastewater treatment plants. The seawater ran north through the Rio Hardy a series of swampy wetlands and mudflats that drains 15 miles (24 km) downstream into Gulf waters.
Colorado river Connects With Sea The reunion is the end of a 53-day journey for the long-planned Colorado river pulse flow an artificial flood meant to restore the river's parched delta.
Though the amount of water reaching the estuary habitat where river mixes with sea will likely be said small Zamora it could help the hundreds of bird species who nest in the Gulf
While the study is unlikely to settle the scientific debate it does support the idea that Earth's global warming continues in the ocean even
whether ocean heat storage is responsible for the hiatus versus not enough heat reaching the surface of the Earth said study co-author Ka-Kit Tung of the University of Washington in Seattle.
Earth's Tallest Mountain to Deepest Ocean Trench Global storage closet Scientists have blamed the oceans for the global warming pause before
However in seeking to test this idea with temperature data oceanographer Xianyao Chen of the Ocean University of China in Qingdao
Tung and Chen then searched ocean by ocean until they hit on the North Atlantic where the heat was playing hooky The pair primarily relied on Argo floats which record ocean temperature
Unfortunately the massive array of ocean temperature measurements by Argo floats has only been made after the early 2000s just
So being conclusive about each ocean basin is limited by data availability. Tung and Chen noticed that the North Atlantic's heat content (a measure of stored energy) shifted in 1999 about
The ocean started absorbing heat at depths below 984 feet (300 m).(The South Atlantic ocean also took up some heat.
These regions stored more heat energy than the rest of the world's oceans combined even the enormous Pacific ocean the researchers'temperature data show.
The AMOC is part of a worldwide ocean conveyor belt. Here's how the AMOC works: In the North Atlantic salty tropical water flowing north cools off and sinks.
When the water sinks it traps heat in the ocean depths. Ocean surface temperatures drive the current:
fast when cold slow when warm. Images: The World's Biggest Oceans and Seas Between 1945 and 1975 the cycle was in a cool phase sucking up atmospheric heat at a rapid pace.
Toward the end of this cycle in the 1970s scientists noticed a suspected global cooling that was touted as the beginning of a possible Ice age.
Finally in 1999 the current switched back to a cold speedy plunge into the ocean depths taking extra heat along with it.
I still think the Pacific ocean is playing the lead role in this ocean heat uptake but this study is important as it points to an additional role from the Atlantic
and Southern Oceans said England who co-authored the Aug 3 Nature Climate Change study. Email Becky Oskin or follow her@beckyoskin. Follow us@livescience Facebook & Google+.
Rapid erosion of these mountains contributed large amounts of sediment to lowlands and shallow ocean basins.
Sea levels were high with much of western North america under water. Climate of the continental interior regions was very warm during the Devonian period and generally quite dry.
The Devonian period was a time of extensive reef building in the shallow water that surrounded each continent and separated Gondwana from Euramerica.
Reef ecosystems contained numerous brachiopods still numerous trilobites tabulate and horn corals. Placoderms (the armored fishes) underwent wide diversification
The creature scavenges spikey structures from sea sponges and builds a shell out of them then extends armlike appendages out to feed on tiny invertebrates.
<a href=http://www. livescience. com/44171-society-civilization-collapse-study. html target=blank>Society Is doomed Scientists Claim</a p><p>Like camels of the sea a species
<a href=http://www. livescience. com/44190-sea-snakes-dehydrate. html target=blank>Camels of the Ocean:
The report used climate projections through 2100 and what the participants said was a standard risk-assessment approach used by businesses to estimate how rises in temperature sea level
They found that the effects vary from region to region with sea level rise posing the biggest threat to the Atlantic
Sea level rise and storm surge are defined likely in the report as having at least a 2-in-3 chance of occurring--to increase the average cost of coastal storms in the East by $2 billion to $3. 5 billion over just the next 15 years.
There s no question that rising sea levels and temperatures made Sandy worse#Bloomberg said. A graphic showing how climate change shifts the odds for extreme events.
Sea level rise also poses a risk separate from its amplifying effects on storms surge as it increasingly encroaches on valuable coastal property.
and $106 billion worth of such property will likely be below sea level nationwide. By 2100 that figure could grow to anywhere between $238 billion and $507 billion.
Sea level rise in the Miami area has led to the intrusion of saltwater into freshwater areas
and the sea#Shalala said at the press conference. The report also found that increasing heat will strain the nation s energy systems as it causes efficiency to decline
and dissections of the most recent seasonal forecasts and trends in ocean temperatures and winds as if they were the latest juicy plot twist on Scandal#or Game of Thrones.#
After all El Niã o is just the warming of ocean watersin the tropical Pacific. So why the heck do we care so much about it?
and the increase in the heat the ocean releases cause a shift in this storminess and heating which affects one of the main circulations of the atmosphere the Hadley circulation.
The heat released from the oceans bumps up the planet s average temperature in addition to the warming caused by the heat trapped by accumulating greenhouse gases in the Earth s atmosphere.
The tendency toward cooler conditions in the Pacific over the past couple of decades could be the main driver of the slowdown in the rate of warming over the same time period as such conditions cause the ocean to store more of that building heat.#
#oethe state of the tropical Pacific can really affect global temperatures just through the fact that you re getting all this ocean heat either absorbed
You May Also Like Driven by Ocean Heat World Sets Mark for Hottest June U s. Gets Lackluster Energy efficiency Ranking Star wars Meets the IPCC Report Shifting Cities:
and melting sea ice in the Arctic new research finds.</</p><p>The results suggest that polar bears at least in the western Hudson bay area may be slightly more flexible in the face of climate change than previously thought.</
How Two Women Brought a Sea Change to Conservation (Op-Ed) A Crocodile Hunt Redefined in Southeastern Cuba (Op-Ed) Stepping up Conservation in Fiji in Stilettos (Op-Ed
In the four decades that he has worked on the aerial survey of Virginia's Chesapeake bay drainage basin Byrd has witnessed the U s. national bird's recovery from around 30 nesting pairs to a population that may be nearing a saturation point.
The brisk clip may mean this part of Antarctica which could raise global sea level by 4 feet (1. 2 meters)
A grounding line is the location where the glacier leaves bedrock and meets the ocean.
The collapse refers to an unstoppable self-sustaining retreat that would drop millions of tons of ice into the sea.
However the race to the sea is happening at different rates. Recently the fast-flowing Pine Island Glacier stabilized slowing down starting in 2009.
The slowdown was only at the ice shelf where the glacier meets the sea. Further inland the glacier is still accelerating.
To see Thwaites this monster glacier start accelerating in 2006 means we could see even more change in the near future that could affect sea level Mouginot said.
Pine Island Glacier's acceleration reached up to 155 miles (230 km) inland from where it meets the ocean.
Mouginot said warmer ocean waters contributed to the speed up. The huge ice streams flowing from West Antarctica are held back by floating ice shelves that act like dams.
Several recent studies have suggested that warmer ocean water near Antarctica is melting and thinning these ice shelves from below.
This region is considered the potential leak point for Antarctica because of the low seabed. The only thing holding it in is said the ice shelf Robert Thomas a glaciologist at the NASA Wallops Flight Facility in Wallops Island Va. who was involved not in the study.
and grow at mid-ocean ridges the long underwater volcanic chains that wind around the Earth like seams on a baseball.
Some of the city's most expensive houses slid into the ocean atop liquefied soils.
The movement of the seafloor during the earthquake shoves the sea giving it a big slap that translates into a massive tidal wave.
and they lived in low-rise wood-frame buildings the most resistant to shaking. 11 Facts About The 1964 Alaska Earthquake Of the 119 deaths attributable to ocean waves about one-third were due to the open-ocean tsunami:
or waterfront Lehner said at a recent symposium held here by the Society for the Study of Egyptian Antiquities.
#Floating Islands of Rock Tracked in Pacific A computer model could help track rafts of floating rock in the ocean perhaps giving scientists a way to warn ship captains to stay away.
and to use ocean models to see if computers could predict where pumice will float.
The researchers used an ocean model called the Nucleus for European Modeling of the Ocean (NEMO)
These findings could be useful for ocean navigation Jutzeler said. Currently nine Volcanic Ash Advisory Centers around the globe monitor the skies for airborne volcanic ash for the safety of air traffic.
and terrestrial eruptions of island volcanoes could also send rafts of pumice into the sea.
Kosher sea dwellers must be equipped with fins and scales. So while salmon and tuna are fit for consumption lobsters clams
The 9 Craziest Ocean Voyages Separately another group of scientists discovered a climate anomaly in the South Pacific during this era that would have eased sailing from central East Polynesia southwest to New zealand.
This place the Pantanal is the vast low-lying alluvial plain of the Alto Paraguay River one of South america's mightiest waterways
and sea level could occur. Many indications of global warming clearly are here already. But it is not easy to predict
We still don't know how much excess energy trapped by the continued increase of greenhouse gases is being stored On earth somewhere perhaps in the oceans
For example while many corals have been decimated as ocean temperatures rise some have become quite resilient to acidifying waters.
It is possible that the same human ingenuity that gave us industrial production of ammonium for manufacturing fertilizer will find a way to use oceans for hydroponics along with aquaculture to sustainably produce sufficient food for the world.
but the planet's surface is 70 percent ocean and even a more massive ocean was discovered recently deep within the earth.
Can we really run out of water? It is a matter of access and pollution both
and the Barents sea in the wintertime which might have a positive effect on sea ice
and increasing the reflectivity of clouds over the ocean. Although Ridgwell's approach is less powerful than some previous suggestions,
and they have great moral energy invested in'the oceans are going to rise'and so forth. They are,
which plummeted into the ocean during launch on 24 february. The satellite would have measured carbon dioxide concentrations in unprecedented detail,
Researchers know that oceans, forests and perhaps even deserts soak up carbon dioxide, but definitive descriptions of how much and where have proven elusive.
as well as a rise in sea level. The document represents a small but critical step on the path to regulation,
Nature Newssince the Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO) crashed into the ocean minutes after its 24 february launch,
Sodium traces hint at subsurface ocean on Enceladus: Nature Newsthe water plumes erupting from the south pole of Saturn's moon Enceladus could be caused by a liquid ocean lurking many kilometres underground rather than by geysers erupting from a salty ocean just beneath the moon
's surface as early theories suggested. Evidence that Enceladus could hold a subsurface ocean would be exciting
because liquid water elsewhere in our solar system is the most promising place to look for signs of life.
if it had verified the near-surface ocean geyser theory. An alternative explanation is that a salty liquid ocean exists deep underground
and is evaporating releasing pure water as a jet of steam and leaving the salty residue behind.
Frank Postberg at the Max Planck Institute for Nuclear physics in Heidelberg, Germany, likes the ocean idea.
if there is a liquid ocean close to Enceladus's mineral-rich rocky core, deep beneath the thick icy crust, says Postberg.
Postberg says the vapour evaporating from the ocean will also contain other gases, and bubbles of those gases carry salty water droplets through vents in Enceladus's crust, to be frozen suddenly once they get there.
Salt-rich grains are frozen directly ocean water dragged up by strong vapour flow says Postberg.
But other models exist to explain Enceladus's plumes apart from oceans or geysers. One of these suggests that reservoirs of clathrates gassy molecules locked up in the lattice of another molecule exist below the surface.
Sodium isn't the proof of a liquid ocean, she says. Sodium can be locked up in the ice of an icy clathrate model.
I'm ready to accept there's an ocean and move on he says. But there are still other questions to answer,
That ocean should not have survived over the length of the Solar system, he says. Schneider says that
although he agrees that deep oceans explain much of the data in the two papers,
I'm still a little more sceptical about how firm our conclusions are that a liquid ocean exists
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011