Substrate

Building materials (327)
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Substrate (132)
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Synopsis: 8. materials: Substrate:

It is really fascinating that you may just be able to have limited some really neural substrate that's binocular

and spread on a glass substrate that s covered in a forest of zinc oxide nanowires and titanium dioxide sponges.#

As soon as you introduce plastic substrates you have all kinds of issues with sensitivity to the environment

which they concluded Convergent evidence indicates that nonhuman animals have the neuroanatomical neurochemical and neurophysiological substrates of conscious states along with the capacity to exhibit intentional behaviors.

Consequently the weight of evidence indicates that humans are not unique in possessing the neurological substrates that generate consciousness.

and birds and many other creatures including octopuses also possess these neurological substrates. And we need to keep the door open to the possibility that other vertebrates

and chose the best substrate with which to lay them said George Lovell lead study author and an expert on animal camouflage at Abertay University and the University of St andrews in Scotland.

Resistant starch is a very good substrate for fermentation Higgins told Livescience. Instead of being digested by amylases in the upper digestive tract it passes to the bowel where it is fermented by bacteria into short chain fatty acids (SCFA.

The soil type in the region (note the white cliffs of Dover) is similar to the chalky substrate of Champagne

as a fermentation substrate for beer and as a dye for clothing. Most researchers think that humans in the middle Stone age which began around 300

While searching for an ideal growth platform for the material investigators developed a promising new recipe for a graphene substrate:

The key advance is the grain size of the copper substrate. The large grains are several centimeters in size--lunkers by microelectronics standards

Suitable and sufficient food sources for the hungry larvae and protection against predators and parasites are important selection criteria for the best oviposition substrates.

First Marcus Stensmyr Bill Hansson and their colleagues in the Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology tested the preferred egg-laying substrates of fruit flies by letting insects select among different ripe fruits.

#oewe were surprised quite that by silencing just this single odorant receptor flies could no longer localize their preferred egg-laying substrate.#

In a further choice experiment the wasps had to choose larvae from two substrates one with valencene

and one without and they clearly preferred the larvae on the valencene-free substrate. It is still unknown why the wasps avoid citrus.

Ntoulas and colleagues compared the growth of Zoysia matrella'Zeon'in two different substrates. They also investigated the impact of increasing either substrate depth or the amount of irrigation on Manilagrass growth and recovery potential during and after moisture deficit periods.

The 2-year outdoor study was conducted on a rooftop at the Laboratory of Floriculture and Landscape architecture in Athens. The experiments involved three factors:

two substrate types two substrate depths and two irrigation regimes replicated five times. The results showed that during moisture deficit periods green turf cover (GTC) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)

and leaf relative water content (RWC) were affected most by substrate depth moderately affected by irrigation regime

and to a lesser extent by substrate type the authors said. Turfgrass growth and physiological status were best during moisture deficit conditions in the deeper profile (15 cm) using the higher amount of irrigation (6 mm) and the locally mixed substrate.

The scientists concluded that substrate depth was the most significant factor that improved growth and drought resistance of Manilagrass;

the deeper substrate resulted in improved drought tolerance when compared with the shallow substrate. However because load is a crucial issue on green roof construction

if substrate depth must be reduced to 7. 5 cm then irrigation should exceed 6 mm every 3 days to have adequate growth and successfully overcome summer moisture deficit periods they recommended.

Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by American Society for Horticultural Science. Note:

Materials may be edited for content and length. Journal Reference e

#New research informs California strawberry production practicesin the coastal valleys of central California where more than 80%of the United states'strawberry crops are grown there is developing concern about the impact of these vast production systems

The generated organic soil amendment substrate helps to improve soil fertility. Moreover according to the requirements of crop species and depending on the soil conditions the organic soil improvers can be mixed with the recovered mineral fertiliser salts to a suited nutrient composition with a defined N/P ratio.

and Ph d. students Nicholas Ginga and Wei Chen studied forests of carbon nanotubes grown atop a silicon substrate then covered the tips of the structures with another layer of silicon.

The two hydrogen atoms therefore use the surfaces of dust grains as a substrate and the force of the reaction energy is enough to set the dust grains in motion.

and vegetative reproduction) and growing them in the lab in different mixtures of substrates the authors determined that these microbes were able to fix

When the interaction of metals was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy it revealed the creation of a more supportive substrate for the forests to root in.

when substrate volumetric water content drops below a set threshold allowing for precise irrigation control

The experimental results revealed that the effect of substrate volumetric water content threshold on dry weight plant height

Using coal waste from the site of a former colliery in Nottinghamshire as a substrate the researchers grew rapeseed flax sugar beet and maize with different additives:

The researchers first thought that thawing frozen broccoli in the refrigerator might rupture the plant's cells and kick-start the enzyme-substrate interaction.

and Materials Engineering finds that cranberry-enriched silicone substrates impaired the spread of Proteus mirabilis. Those results published online in the journal Colloids and Surfaces B:

This indicates that less substrate/oxygen was consumed to produce the same amount of energy in the form of ATP showing that mitochondria from fasted chicks adjust its functioning to minimize the cost of energy production.

and grabbing hold of the substrate protein and helping hold it inside the cavity. The first thing we saw was a large amount of an unfolded protein inside of this cavity he said.

and grabbing hold of the substrate protein and helping hold it inside the cavity. The first thing we saw was a large amount of an unfolded protein inside of this cavity he said.

or even pieces of dust appeared on the substrate. The material is difficult to nucleate unlike hbn

We started learning that we could control that nucleation by adding artificial edges to the substrate

which single layers of graphene are grown on copper substrates in a high-temperature furnace. One of the first applications of graphene may be as a conducting layer in flexible displays.

In studying the processing techniques used to create their samples for testing they found that the chemical most commonly used to remove the copper substrate also causes damage to the graphene severely degrading its strength.

when graphene is used as a middleman surfaces considered unusable as substrates for carbon nanotube growth now have the potential to do so.

Graphene and metallic nanotubes are also highly conductive in combination with metallic substrates they may also have advanced uses in electronics he said.

That might be one of the big things about graphene that you can have a noninvasive coating that keeps the property of the substrate

Testing found that the graphene layer remains intact between the nanotube forest and the diamond or other substrate.

On a metallic substrate like copper the entire hybrid is highly conductive. Such seamless integration through the graphene interface would provide low-contact resistance between current collectors

For instance we can easily remove this material from the growth substrate and transfer it on to any arbitrary surface

and is considered to be endangered an species. It is the latest evidence of the unique and numerous species found in this specialized humid forest that grows on sandy substrate within kilometers of the shoreline.

and substrate heterogeneity says Liphardt an expert in PALM technology. This enables us to quantify how

The new PALM-based technique should allow enzyme cock tails to be matched optimally to the structural organizations of particular biomass substrates such as grass

Domains of graphene that start to grow on a substrate are lined not necessarily up with each other

Georgia Institute of technology and Purdue University researchers have developed efficient solar cells using natural substrates derived from plants such as trees.

Just as importantly by fabricating them on cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) substrates the solar cells can be recycled quickly in water at the end of their lifecycle.

The researchers report that the organic solar cells reach a power conversion efficiency of 2. 7 percent an unprecedented figure for cells on substrates derived from renewable raw materials.

The CNC substrates on which the solar cells are fabricated are optically transparent enabling light to pass through them before being absorbed by a very thin layer of an organic semiconductor.

Within only minutes the CNC substrate dissolves and the solar cell can be separated easily into its major components.

The development and performance of organic substrates in solar technology continues to improve providing engineers with a good indication of future applications said Kippelen who is also the director of Georgia Tech's Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics (COPE.

and petroleum-based substrates are not very eco-friendly. For instance if cells fabricated on glass were to break during manufacturing

Paper substrates are better for the environment but have shown limited performance because of high surface roughness or porosity.

The substrates have a low surface roughness of only about two nanometers. Our next steps will be to work toward improving the power conversion efficiency over 10 percent levels similar to solar cells fabricated on glass

or petroleum-based substrates said Kippelen. The group plans to achieve this by optimizing the optical properties of the solar cell's electrode.

Funding for CNC substrate processing was provided by USDA-Forest Service (Grant No. 11-JV-11111129-118)( R. J. M. J. P. Y. J. L

This will allow managers to sample soil and substrates to test for the presence of Geomyces destructans freeing up limited surveillance funds and time.

Looking something like extremely delicate white dental floss mycelia grow in through and around just about any organic substrate.

Through first-principle calculations of the interaction of boron atoms with various substrates the team came up with several possible paths experimentalists may take toward 2-D boron.

or gold substrates in a process called chemical vapor deposition commonly used to make graphene.

The substrate is said important Penev because the atoms have to spill onto the surface and stick but not too strongly.

You have to have a substrate that doesn't want to dissolve boron he said. On the other hand you want a substrate that doesn't bind too strongly.

You should be able to detach the boron layer. Then like graphene these atom-thick boron sheets could be applied to other surfaces for testing and ultimately for use in applications.

The study also calculated methods for creating sheets via saturation of boron atoms on the surface of boride substrates and the evaporation of metal atoms from metal borides that leaves just the target atoms in a sheet.

and placed on any substrate. While there's much work ahead to characterize the atomic bonds where graphene

but the birds choose to lay their eggs on a substrate that maximizes camouflage said P. George Lovell of Abertay University

In this case the anisotropy is along the nanopillar perpendicular to the substrate. Briseno says The biggest challenge in producing this architecture was finding the appropriate substrate that would enable the molecules to stack vertically.

We had exploited essentially every substrate possible until we finally succeeded with graphene he adds which happened by accident

when an undergraduate chose the wrong substrate to grow crystals on. For over a week the student was growing vertical crystals

and we didn't even realize until we imaged the surface of the substrate with a scanning electron microscope.

We were shocked to see little crystals standing upright! We ultimately optimized the conditions and determined the mechanism of crystallization the polymer chemist adds.

and the substrates (tyrosine and other monophenols) can be accessed and take part in key chemical reactions. New Method of Isolation and unique reagent leads to successnone of the previously established methods of isolation present in the literature could be applied successfully for PPO4.

This preparation where the mushrooms are to be developed is called substrate. On the other hand we have to play the fungus

The product obtained is spread on the substrate (contained in plastic bag) and held two to three weeks in the dark with controlled humidity and temperature then exposing them to a light phase he describes.

The researchers used it as a substrate for graphene. Hitting the combined material with femtosecond pulses from a near-infrared laser prompted the indium phosphide to emit terahertz back through the graphene.

and transferring it to an indium phosphide substrate. Laser pulses generated coherent bursts of terahertz radiation through a built-in surface electric field of the indium phosphide substrate that changed due to charge transfer between the graphene and the contaminating molecules.

The terahertz wave when visualized reflected the change. The experimental results are a warning for electronics manufacturers.

The Rice and Osaka labs are continuing to collaborate on a project to measure the terahertz conductivity of graphene on various substrates he said.

Ward has worked on both substrate experiments--testing how well snakes move across different types of road surfaces

and other artificial substrates (e g. cell towers billboards buildings) are preferred overwhelmingly by ravens as nesting sites

and are preferred not by any of the three hawk species. A nest located on artificial substrate is nearly 100 percent 89.4 percent

â#¢presence of artificial nesting substrate versus natural nesting substrate (e g. trees cliffs rock-outcrops) â#¢presence/absence of agricultural fieldsâ#¢amount of native grassland andâ#¢proximity to habitat edge (where any of four natural habitat

types might abut one another) and proximity to human-made features. Ravens were classified as an uncommon breeder within this area as recently as 1986.

â#¢73 percent of ravens nests were located on artificial nesting substrates of which 53 percent were located on transmission line towers. â#¢Both ravens

â#¢70 percent of nests located on natural substrates (cottonwood and juniper tress) â#¢Breeding pairs of Red-tailed hawks also considered a generalist species increased substantially from the mid-1970s (1 nest) to the mid-1990s (33 nests)

â#¢98 percent of nests located on natural substrates (juniper cottonwood and cultivated trees) â#¢Nested in communities dominated by native grasses and near agricultural areasferrugionous Hawks:

â#¢Approximately 74 percent of nests were located on natural substrates mostly juniper trees. â#¢Selected areas dominated by contiguous stands of sagebrush. â#¢Ferruginous Hawk nests were located farther from roads

#Filter bed substrates, plant types recommended for rain gardensurban stormwater runoff is causing problems for the world's water sources.

Typically the gardens are excavated backfilled with a filter bed substrate then planted with vegetation that helps to remove pollutants.

The filter bed substrate is the foundation of the rain garden and gives it the ability to infiltrate runoff slow drainage support plant growth

Kraus and her colleagues designed experiments to assess three different filter bed substrates for their effectiveness in nutrient removal and supporting plant growth.

The research team constructed 12 rain gardens filled with one of three filter bed substrates. The gardens were planted with 16 plant species

The substrates used in the experiments included a sand-based substrate (sand) composed of 80%washed sand 15%clay

a soil-based substrate (soil) composed of 50%sandy loam soil and 50%pine bark;

and a slate-based substrate (slate) composed of 80%expanded slate and 20%pine bark.

The substrates differed in infiltration and drainage rates as well as chemical composition. Diverse plant species that included trees shrubs herbaceous perennials a grass and a rush were selected to allow the researchers to evaluate the performance of a wide range of evergreen deciduous woody and herbaceous plants.

and phosphorus. Overall all three substrates functioned in reducing the quantity of pollutants in urban stormwater runoff the authors noted.

They added that the impact of substrate on remediation appeared to lessen by the second season of the study;

Drillers install pad substrate of stone to support heavy equipment and the drillers use a much greater quantity of water for hydrofracturing.

Substrate hardness influences crab herbivory by limiting crab burrowing in hard and soft substrates leading to a peak in herbivory in medium hardness substrates where burrows can be constructed easily

increase in Sesarma substrate disturbance and a more than 150-percent increase in unvegetated bare space in comparison to control plots.

The tetracycline repressor is engineered to function as a UPS substrate; it essentially mimics a misfolded protein.

not only to monitor substrate moisture but also to control irrigation. Based on the positive experiences and comments from our grower collaborators other growers have been eager to try WSNS in their operations.

Advances in sensor technology and increased understanding of plant physiology have made it possible for greenhouse growers to use water content sensors to accurately determine irrigation timing and application rates in soilless substrates.

The wireless sensor systems provide more accurate measurements of substrate moisture than qualitative methods and can save irrigation water labor energy and fertilizer.

The scientists planted rooted cuttings of the three aromatics in a green roof infrastructure they then placed on a fully exposed flat roof in Athens. Two types of substrates were used (grape marc compost:

perlite) at two substrate depths 7. 5 cm (shallow) and 15 cm (deep. The team applied two irrigation frequencies throughout the study:

sparse (5 or 7 days in shallow and deep substrate respectively) and normal (3 or 5 days in shallow and deep substrate respectively) and recorded plant growth from May to October.

With A. absinthium grape marc compost-amended substrate produced taller plants and larger plant diameter compared with peat-amended substrate deep substrate produced larger plant

diameter compared with shallow substrate and normal irrigation produced taller plants compared with sparse irrigation the researchers said.

The researchers noted that a remarkable result was that shallow compost-amended substrate with sparse irrigation resulted in similar

or even bigger plant growth of all plant species compared with deep peat-amended substrate with normal irrigation.

or semi-intensive green roofs and additionally found that the use of grape marc compost in the substrate allowed for less water consumption

and the reduction of substrate depth without restriction of plant growth at the establishment phase and the first period of drought Papafotiou said.

and graphene or another substrate preferentially a semiconductor that will allow them to trap hot electrons.

Plantlab also deploys infra red light, relative humidity, air temperature, root and substrate temperature, and airflow to achieve

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