Virology

Enterovirus (4)
Hepatitis (21)
Herpes virus (12)
Lentivirus (7)
Papillomavirus (3)
Viruses (427)

Synopsis: 4. biotech: Virology:

If a virus can infect someone in one part of the world it is unlikely to be contained.

A new strain of influenza virus occurs every 1-2 years, for example. But the sudden global explosion of an epidemic that infects a large number of the population oe a pandemic oe is harder to predict.

, due to the virus's effects. So what would be the result of a global pandemic in the 21st Century?

Laurie Garrett Foreign policy 24 april 2013 Ten years after Sars, a new virus strikes China, perhaps more deadly,

The city of Alphen aan den Rijn ordered the study five years ago after officials found unexplained abnormalities on trees that couldnt be ascribed to a virus or bacterial infection.

such as a virus, perhaps with the help of a sap-sucking insect, says Professor Bengtsson.

#Eating Almonds Can Help the Body Fight off Viruses Eating almonds boosts immune system response to viruses.

Researchers found almond skins improved the ability of the white blood cells to detect viruses while also increasing the bodys ability to prevent viruses from replicating

and so spreading inside the body. They discovered that even after the almonds had been digested in the gut

there was still an increase in the immune systems defence against viruses. The scientists, who are based at the Institute of Food Research in Norwich and the Policlinico Universitario in Messina,

Italy, said their findings suggest that the nuts can increase the immune systems ability to fight off a wide range of viruses,

it was likely that eating almonds regularly could help protect people from becoming infected with viruses in the first place,

They tested the immune response to infection by the Herpes simplex virus 2, which can cause cold sores and is a notoriously difficult virus to treat due to its ability to evade the immune system by dampening down the bodys inflammatory response.

They found that almond skin extracts were effective against even this virus . But they found that almond skins that had been removed through blanching in boiling water,

which is common process to remove skins from almonds, had little effect on the immune system.

which are involved in fighting off viruses. They said it was likely that other nuts may also have this sort of activity.

if almond skins have this antiviral activity. oethe herpes simplex virus is a very good model of viral infection

so because the almonds had an impact on this virus, it is fair to assume that it will have an impact on other viruses.

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#Verizon iphone: Eat this AT&T! Projected Release Date: Summer of 2011 Why not throw another Verizon iphone rumor into the quickly-growing pile?

#Mystery of the Honeybees Solved Members of a joint United states army-University of Montana research team that located a virus that is possibly collapsing honeybee colonies.

A fungus tag-teaming with a virus have interacted apparently to cause the problem, according to a paper by Army scientists in Maryland and bee experts in Montana in the online science journal PLOS One.

both the virus and the fungus proliferate in cool, damp weather, and both do their dirty work in the bee gut,

Dr. Bromenshenks team at the University of Montana and Montana State university in Bozeman, working with the Armys Edgewood Chemical Biological Center northeast of Baltimore, said in their jointly written paper that the virus-fungus

Dr. Bromenshenk said of the virus-fungus combo nor is it clear, he added, whether one malady weakens the bees enough to be finished off by the second,

And several RNA-based viruses had been detected as well. But the Army/Montana team using a new software system developed by the military for analyzing proteins,

uncovered a new DNA-based virus, and established a linkage to the fungus, called N. ceranae. oeour mission is to have detection capability to protect the people in the field from anything biological,

The system searches out the unique proteins in a sample, then identifies a virus or other microscopic life form based on the proteins it is known to contain.

like the virus and fungus involved in bee deaths, are quite common, and that one answer in protecting bee colonies might be to focus on the fungus controllable with antifungal agents especially

when the virus is detected. Still unsolved is what makes the bees fly off into the wild yonder at the point of death.

and viruses but still taste and look like regular eggs. They are sold in most grocery stores and come with a red oep stamped on the carton or on the eggs themselves.

Scientists are still working to determine the exact cause of CCD theories range from parasites to viruses

which experts suspect is caused by a combination of mites, parasites, viruses and pesticides. Bumblebees are having problems, too.

Executioners for Virus-Builders In the future, virus-builders who get caught will have a choice. They can either go to the electric chair,

and get around the need to screen for diseases such as HIV and hepatitis. Currently in the UK around 1. 6 million pints of blood are needed every year

There is also an increasing public health concern with plasma derived HSA with its potential risk for transmission of blood-derived infectious pathogens such as hepatitis and HIV.

There are many ways to infect#the world with an idea-virus, so this becomes a critical decision point.

they didnt transmit the virus to other chickens they came into contact with. Preventing virus transmission in chickens should reduce the economic impact of the disease

and reduce the risk posed to people,##said Laurence Tiley, of Cambridges department of veterinary medicine, one of the lead researchers on the study.

since 2003 and the virus has killed 306 of them. Experts say the danger is that the virus will evolve into a form that people can easily catch

and pass to one another, causing the transmission rate to soar and producing a pandemic in

the researchers introduced a new gene into them that manufactures a small decoy#molecule that mimics an important control element of the bird flu virus. The replication machinery of the virus is tricked into recognizing the decoy molecule instead of the viral genes

and this interferes with the virus replication cycle. After producing the modified chickens, they infected 10 of them and 10 normal chickens with H5n1 bird flu.

Like the normal chickens, the transgenic birds became sick with the virus, but they did not transmit the infection on to other chickens kept in the same pen with them

or glow in the presence of viruses, bacteria and other pathogens known to reduce crop yields,

blamed on many factors including parasites, fungi, stress, pesticides and viruses. But most studies have focused on honeybees.

health habits can be as contagious as a cold virus. By his calculation, a Framingham individual s chances of becoming obese shot up by 57 percent if a friend became obese.

Biju a botanist-turned-herpetologist now celebrated as India s Frogman#has made it his life work to find

Previous research has found evidence that mites, a virus, a fungus, or a combination of these factors might be responsible for the widespread colony collapse.

as well as a virus that leads to deformed wings which had already been implicated in colony collapse disorder.

The human papillomavirus is what gives people warts, and it is unique to humans. Source:

Bacteria that uses a tiny molecular machine to kill attacking viruses could change the way that scientists edit the DNA of plants,

The bacteria used to culture milk are particularly prone to becoming infected with viruses that kill them, lowering productivity.

The bacteria were keeping track of telltale bits of genetic code from viruses that might try to infect them,

and, somehow, they were using these codes to kill those viruses when they attacked. CRISPR was a primitive immune system.

they found that the bacteria combined Cas9 with genetic material to create#oehoming molecules#that attack viruses.

That kills viruses but scientists use it to cut DNA in exactly the place they want.

If it has well now is a good time to prepare for the next virus that's going around.

including environmental stressors bacterial infections and viruses — work together to build up and steadily threaten a population before rearing back smacking down and taking an actual toll in

when exposed to the virus but scientists still don't know what exactly causes the cells to react in this way.</

if a bacterial infection virus or some combination of infections are to blame and are currently working to figure this out.</

#Camels May be Link to Deadly MERS Virus A potential source of the newmiddle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) virus has been identified:

camels may be a carrier of the virus according to a new study. Blood tests of 50 dromedary (one hump) camels in Oman a country in the Arabian peninsula found that all had developed antibodies against the MERS virus a sign that the camels may have been infected in the past with the MERS virus

or a very similar one the researchers said. However the actual virus was not found in the animals. oethese new results suggest that dromedary camels may be one reservoir of the virus that is causing MERS infection in humans the study researchers from National Institute for Public health

and the Environment in Bilthoven The netherlands said in a statement. oedromedary camels are a popular animal species in the middle East where they are used for racing

and also for meat and milk so there are different types of contact of humans with these animals that could lead to transmission of a virus the researchers said.

if the virus is circulating in these animals in this region as well the researchers said. The MERS virus has been found to grow in cells taken from bats the researchers said.

Bats are suspected also to be the source of the closely related SARS virus) . However humans do not have much direct contact with bats so another animal such as camels

or livestock may be an intermediate source the researchers said. The study cannot prove that humans caught the virus from camels.

Before researchers can confirm that camels are a source of MERS future studies are needed to identify the actual virus in camels

and compare it to the MERS virus the researchers said. The study is published in today's (Aug 9) issue of the journal The Lancet Infectious diseases.

Follow Rachael Rettner@Rachaelrettner. Follow Livescience@livescience Facebook &google+.+Original article on Livescience. com e

It's much more complicated than a virus and has many more genes Torrey said. The microbe is known famously to infect rats

what people have thought for many years said researcher Steven Platt a herpetologist at the Wildlife Conservation Society.

and ruled out several possible causes for the elk deaths including poachers anthrax lightning strikes epizootic hemorrhagic disease (an often-fatal virus known to affect deer and other ruminants) botulism poisonous plants

Causes Sometimes referred to as intestinal flu diarrhea is caused usually by a virus in the bowel

#Experts Fear Airborne Spread of Deadly Pig Virus A deadly virus that's just recently appeared in the United states is killing off millions of pigs nationwide

The virus is not zoonotic meaning it has jumped not yet species to infect humans or other animals according to a statement from the National Pork Board.

Recent research has revealed that 13 zoonotic viruses infect and kill an estimated 2. 2 million people each year.

#H7n9 Bird flu Virus Capable of Airborne Transmission One strain of the H7n9 bird flu virus appears to spread easily through the air between ferrets which are a good model for how the virus may spread in humans a new study from China says.

Researchers tested transmission of five strains of H7n9 all taken from people who got sick with the virus. Some ferrets were infected directly with the virus

But the new findings add to growing evidence that the virus likely needs to undergo just a few genetic mutations to gain the ability to spread between people said Dr. Richard Webby a bird flu expert at St jude Children's Research

See New Bird flu Virus: 6 Things You Should Know. H7n9 emerged in China in February

Researchers know that a flu virus that transmits well between humans will transmit well between ferrets Webby said.

However Webby disagreed pointing out that a highly transmissible virus would spread between ferrets within a short period

but in the new study the virus took five to seven days to spread. The transmission isn t occurring rapidly Webby said of the findings.

Because the virus does not cause symptoms in chickens it can be harder to spot infected poultry.

and the opportunities of the virus to adapt to humans is to reduce the exposure of people to infected birds.

If you have a virus that s running around that doesn t kill the chickens you have to be actively out there swabbing chickens Webby said.

Finding a dead chicken is much easier than finding a virus. Webby said that human-to-human spread of H7n9 is not inevitable.

#H7n9 Flu Study Hints at How It May Spread in People It's likely that the new H7n9 bird flu virus can spread through the air on a limited basis according to a new study that looked at how the virus spreads in animals.

The study also provides more evidence that the virus can spread between people in close contact.

However it's unlikely the virus could cause a pandemic unless it undergoes genetic changes that allow it to spread more efficiently between people experts say.

According to the World health organization as of May 17 health officials knew of 131 people in China who had fallen ill with the H7n9 virus including 36 who died.

In a few cases people in the same family caught the disease suggesting that the virus spreads between people in close contact.

whether a person falls ill with flu including their overall health researchers like to study flu viruses in animals under controlled conditions to better understand how they spread said study researcher Dr. Richard Webby a bird-flu expert at St jude

  In the new study researchers infected six ferrets with the H7n9 virus all of whom developed flu symptoms.

if the virus could spread through the air. All of the uninfected ferrets who were in the same cage as the infected ferrets caught the virus suggesting the virus can spread through direct contact.

The flu virus also spread through the air but less efficiently. Just one of three ferrets caged a short distance from infected ferrets caught the virus. The findings mostly mirror

what health officials have seen in people Webby said. For sustained person-to-person transmission to occur the virus would likely have to transmit efficiently by both the airborne and direct contact routes Webby said.

Because H7n9 doesn't transmit very well through the air it doesn't look like it has the capacity to cause a pandemic

unless the virus changes Webby said. H7n9 appears to be more infectious than the H5n1 bird flu virus Webby said.

When researchers infect ferrets with H5n1 they usually do not see transmission through airborne or direct contact Webby said.

One bit of good news is that H7n9 does not appear to spread between pigs. In the study pigs did not catch H7n9 from each other either through the air or direct contact.

because it would provide more opportunities for the H7n9 virus to evolve and transmit to people that way too Webby said.

#How Deadly H7n9 Flu Could Jump from Birds to Mammals Chinese researchers have found new clues to the origins of the deadly H7n9 flu virus

and also found a new flu virus lurking in birds that could potentially infect mammals.

The new research shows that the deadly H7n9 flu virus which emerged in China in March likely originated in migratory birds was passed to domestic ducks

As the researchers studied the H7n9 flu they found a previously unknown virus called H7n7.

In laboratory tests this H7n7 virus infected ferrets which are used often a model for human flu transmission.

H7n7 viruses have appeared in other parts of the world but the one the researchers found differed from those.

Flu viruses are named for their proteins the H in the name comes from hemagglutinin and the N from neuraminidase.

Both the H7n9 virus and the H7h7 virus belong to the H7 family of viruses. 6 Flu Vaccine Myths There are probably other viruses like H7n7 that are circulating in the poultry populations in China said study

Many flu viruses Guan noted don't cause people any problems. They spread through poultry populations

But H7-type flu viruses persist and oftenâ evolve into new forms. Vincent Racaniello professor of microbiology and immunology at Columbia University in New york said this kind of surveillance study is important in finding new viruses and understanding them better.

If scientists saw changes in the H7n7's proteins for instance they could see if it wasâ becoming more dangerous to humans said Racaniello who was involved not in the new study.

They sequenced the virus's genomes and the results are published Thursday (Aug 22) in the journal Nature.

The H7n9 virus has infected 130 people in China and caused 40 deaths. It seems to spread easily from chickens to people though there's no evidence of sustained person-to-person transmission.

Guan said the most surprising thing the team found was just how widespread flu viruses are.

If the virus continues to circulate in poultry further adaptation may occur possibly leading to easier transmission to humans he said.

Influenza viruses often change as they are transmitted between individuals and species; as H7n9 made its way from migratory to domestic birds it exchanged genes with other types of flu.

A key development for the virus was altering its proteins so it could bind to the cells in the upper respiratory tracts of chickens.

However once the virus infects the chickens'upper respiratory tract people in close contact with the animals are more likely to be infected.

while the number of deaths due to H7n9 may make the virus seem particularly worrisome it's important to remember that not all cases of infection are reported.

Surveillance in birds is essential to let us know what is happening to viruses in the field and

When we look at influenza viruses this is an unusually dangerous virus for humans Keiji Fukuda the World health organization's assistant director-general for health security said Wednesday at a briefing.

New Bird flu Virus: 6 Things You Should Know None of this is good. Right now 18 percent of the cases in China have ended in deaths.

While this is still less deadly than the previous avian flu outbreak in China six years ago he H5n1 bird flu virus eventually killed more than 300 people after spreading from China to other countries in 2006 he death rate for this new Chinese bird flu

One flu-virology expert John Oxford from Queen Mary University told Reuters this week that the emergence of this completely new strain of bird flu infections in humans was very very unsettling.

Public health officials in general have been worried about bird flu viruses for years. Research several years ago showed that the virus could be transmitted from an expectant mother to a fetus

and that the virus isn't just contained in the lungs t can also migrate throughout the body.

This new strain is likely to have similar capabilities. New Rules on Mutant Bird flu Research Stir Debate What's more it could reignite fears about the possibility of deadly global pandemics.

A decade ago several well-known virologists and public-health experts warned in published papers that the world was at risk for pandemics that could kill tens of millions of people or even more without adequate infectious disease monitoring and medical research.

 A California company (Inovio) is in the early stage of developing a potential vaccine with plans to get access to the virus in a highly protected lab environment for its initial tests.

#MERS Virus Found in Camels Camels are carriers of the new Middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS) virus according to a new study.

The researchers used genetic sequencing methods to identify a strain of the MERS virus in camels on a Qatar farm where two people caught the disease.

The virus found in the camels was very similar but not identical to the MERS virus seen in people.

The study provides definitive proof that camels can be infected with MERS-Cov the researchers said using the official name of the virus

. However the study cannot prove that people caught the virus from camels. It's possible that humans gave the virus to the camels

or that both humans and camels were infected by an unidentified third source the researchers said.

Previously the researchers found that camels had developed antibodies against the MERS virus. So far health officials have reported 163 human cases of MERS including 71 people who died.

All of these cases could be traced back to the Middle east region n

#Mesa verde: Cliff Dwellings of the Anasazi The Mesa verde archaeological region located in the American Southwest was the home of a pueblo people who during the 13th century A d. constructed entire villages in the sides of cliffs.

<a href=http://www. livescience. com/40671-hiv-baby-cure-virus-free. html target=blank>Baby'Cured'of HIV Still Infection-Free After 3 Years</a p

The report published online Wednesday (April 24) in the New england Journal of Medicine describes an investigation of the 82 people who were infected with the virus from the beginning of the outbreak (in February and March) through April 17.

More investigation is needed not only to identify patients who may be sick with the virus but also to determine risk factors for becoming ill (some people may not get sick) the researchers said.

A ban on the sale of poultry in market stalls disinfection of markets or market closures may need to be considered to prevent the spread of the virus from animals to people the researchers said.

Aninvestigation of 82 people infected with the new bird flu virus shows most who fell ill had contact with birds or pigs.

#One Source of Bird flu Virus Found Poultry markets in Shanghai are one likely place where people are contracting the new bird flu virus a new study from China suggests.

Twenty samples tested positive for the H7n9 virus all from poultry markets in Shanghai. Ten of the positive samples were from chickens three from pigeons and seven from the surrounding environment.

The H7n9 viruses in the samples were very genetically similar to the viruses that have sickened people in China suggesting that poultry markets are a source of infections the researchers said.

However the new study does not suggest that the new H7n9 bird flu virus originated in Shanghai poultry markets

New flu viruses can arise when gene segments from different flu strains mix and match.

The new study and others suggest that H7n9 had three genetic parents that combined to make the new virus Pavia said.

All three of the parent viruses are thought to have infected birds he said. Poultry markets may provide a sort of breeding ground for such reassortment to happen.

It provides a rather unnatural environment where a lot of these different bird species that may have different flu viruses get together

and perhaps share viruses Webby said. Yanzhong Huang director of the Center for Global Health Studies at Seton Hall University in South Orange N. J. said that it's still not certain that the new virus originated in poultry.

For instance pigeons have also been found to be infected with the virus Huang said. To control the outbreak Chinese health officials need a way to eliminate the infected bird population

and limit human exposure to the virus Pavia said. Currently the virus does not appear to make birds ill.

A diagnostic test for H7n9 would allow health officials to know where people are getting sick with the virus Pavia said.

Health officials will continue to remain vigilant and track the spread of the virus he said.

In new study is published in the April issue of the journal Chinese Science Bulletin. Pass it on:

A poultry market Shanghai may be one source of H7n9 bird flu infections. This story was provided by Myhealthnewsdaily a sister site to Livescience.

First Case Detailed in New Report The case of a father and daughter in China who both became infected with H7n9 bird flu provides the strongest evidence yet that the virus can transmit from person to person experts say.

and then he passed the virus directly to his daughter according to the researchers at thejiangsu Province Centre for Disease Control and Prevention.

Limited human transmission of bird flu viruses has been seen in the past and is not surprising Rudge and Coke said.

But so far the virus does not appear to spread efficiently there is no evidence of sustained human-to-human transmission with H7n9 Rudge

The virus does not cause symptoms in birds so it can spread undetected within poultry populations Rudge

Thousands more develop tick-borne diseases such as the malarialike disease babesiosis the flulike anaplasmosis and the Heartland virus infection.

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