Surprisingly with the addition of LPAS to the low-fat diet the UCLA team also found alterations in the patterns of gene expression in the small intestine changes in cholesterol levels (increases in LDL
In the wild Arabidopsis thaliana uses the same genetic changes in the biosynthesis of the growth factor gibberellin to cut its size in half as found in semi-dwarf varieties of rice
The genetic changes in the semi-dwarf rice and barley varieties of the green revolution prevent a final step in the biosynthesis of gibberellin.
whether the same genetic causes are found for the same phenotype through natural selection in the wild as are found through the artificial selection of plant breeding explains Koornneef.
Using genetic crossbreeding experiments they have shown that this characteristic can be traced back to a change in the GA20OX1 gene in most of the plant specimens gathered.
Koornneef and his colleagues have identified six different genetic causes for the semi-dwarfism. These include mutations that the prevent the growth factor from being formed with the correct size mutations that replace especially important amino acids with useless ones as well as mutations that prevent the proper splicing of MESSENGER RNA prior to the protein biosynthesis
The semi-dwarf Arabidopsis plants always had different genetic backgrounds explains the geneticist and were actually related to their fellow Arabidopsis plants at the same sites.
The answer may be found somewhere within the genetics of the sheep and the course of the disease assessment and control of tick populations and biological control of ticks.
However the new research which is published in Nature Communications reveals morphological and genetic evidence for management of cattle in north-eastern China around 10000 years ago around the same time the first domestication of taurine
The combination of the age of the jaw the unique wear and genetic signature suggests that this find represents the earliest evidence for cattle management in northeast China;
and gene expression associated with the Mets . Thus this new study shows even greater potential such that by normalizing oxidative inflammatory response
therefore reflect genetic adaptations to local conditions the researchers suggest. It's important that the key environmental factor in this system is rainfall
#Genetic study demonstrates Israels wild boars originated in Europewild boars look more or less the same in Israel as they do anywhere else:
After a genetic and archaeological analysis the researchers suggest the wild boars living in Israel are domesticated descendants of pigs brought to Israel starting almost 3000 years ago by the Philistines and other seafaring raiders.
Genetics researchers divide the pigs of the world into three main groups: European Far Eastern and Near Eastern.
To the researchers'surprise each of the 25 modern-day wild boars they analyzed from Israel share a European genetic signature
whereas modern-day boars from nearby countries like Egypt Syria Turkey Armenia Iraq and Iran have a Near Eastern genetic signature.
and the beginning of the Iron age display the local Near Eastern genetic signature while a European genetic signature appears early in the Iron age around 900 BCE
and has been dominant ever since. Domestic European pig breeds may have been introduced by groups of Sea Peoples--including the Philistines mentioned in the Bible--who migrated to the coast of the Levant starting in the 12th century BCE and settled in places like Gaza Ashkelon and Ashdod.
This is the finding of an international team of scientists under the direction of Dr. Martin Hasselmann of the Institute for Genetics of the University of Cologne.
The vitality of a bee population depends on amongst other things the genetic diversity of sex determining alleles.
PD Dr. Martin Hasselmann has been the director of the research group Population Genetics of Social Insects at the University of Cologne as a DFG Heisenberg stipendiary since May 2012.
of which can be used as models to decipher the genetic fundaments of environmental interaction and evolutionary innovation.
Professor Martã n RÃ os states that asthma is caused an illness by several factors (genetic propensity environment food etc.
Our study documented the specific genetic changes that allow the amphipods to survive at 500-times the normal lethal dose of the pesticide says Wellborn.
The yield of a crop depends on the genetic characteristics of the variety soil climate and crop management.
#Surprises discovered in decoded kiwifruit genomea new study that decoded the DNA sequence of the kiwifruit has concluded that the fruit has many genetic similarities between its 39040 genes
We expect to continue generating genome sequences from other kiwifruit varieties to investigate the genetic diversity of kiwifruit
Within-colony kin blindess is one example that shows how the benefits of cooperation can trump fine gradations of genetic relatedness she said.
According to the study the U s. strains of the virus share 99.5 percent of their genetic code with their Chinese counterpart.
They did however come across additional evidence that the U s. strains share several genetic features with a bat coronavirus--findings which point to an evolutionary origin from bats and the potential for cross-species transmission.
They used 250 genetic sequences of the VP1 section of the genome from SAT 2 isolates taken from all over Sub-saharan africa
To Hall these results indicate that genetic tracking of viruses has a lot of potential for making inferences about viral spread and heading off future outbreaks.
We showed that we can demonstrate virus movement using genetic data. It's a tool that can be used for that kind of inference.
But changes in grazing pressure and pollination can also affect the genetic composition of natural plant populations according to a new study.
The difference in plant height has a genetic basis and over time differences in reproductive success affect the genetic composition of plant populations.
For a period of eight years the researchers documented changes in the proportion of short plants in natural populations and field experiments.
The results show that altered grazing pressure leads to rapid changes in the genetic composition of the primrose populations specifically in the proportion of short plants.
which plants dominate but also the genetic composition of the plant populations. These findings help us understand how differences in environmental conditions influence the evolution of genetic differentiation among plant populations says Professor Jon Ãren at the Evolutionary Biology Centre.
Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Uppsala University. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
and less than 60 percent are receiving the prevention drugs particularly in countries with few resources said senior author Sallie Permar M d. Ph d. assistant professor of pediatrics immunology and molecular genetics and microbiology at Duke.
#Large-scale deep re-sequencing reveals cucumbers evolutionary enigmain a collaborative study published online today in Nature Genetics researchers from the Genome Centre of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) BGI
This work provides new insights for understanding the genetic basis of domestication and diversity of this important crop and provides guidance for breeders to harness genetic variation for crop improvement.
Cucumber is a major vegetable crop consumed worldwide as well as a model system for sex determination and plant vascular biology.
and genetically quite homogeneous but the Indian group shows clear evidence of substructure and genetic heterogeneity.
Two genetic loci Bi and Bt are known to confer bitterness in cucumber. In this study researchers found that the Bt locus was delimited to a 442-kb region on chromosome 5 that harbors 67 predicted genes.
Unraveling the genesthe scientists used a series of genetic tricks to test the effects of overexpressing
and oleosin) in a variant of test plants that already had elevated an rate of fatty acid synthesis. In this case the genetic boost resulted in even greater oil production
The next step for the biologists is to recreate the natural evolution of the more advanced photosynthesis by mirroring the genetic and physiological changes in simple laboratory plants and eventually in rice.
Pigs are very like humans in their size genetics anatomy and physiology. There are plenty of them
Their focus has been on genetic factors and on the interaction between genotypes and the environment as they have tried to breed wheat that is resistant to PHS but with little success so far.
But now findings by a Mcgill team suggest that the solution may lie not with genetics alone but rather with a combination of genetic and epigenetic factors.
But a new Duke university study says it can link what is in a patient's urine to gene mutations that cause retinitis pigmentosa or RP an inherited degenerative disease that results in severe vision impairment and often blindness.
which was found in 2011 is the latest addition to more than 60 gene mutations that have been implicated in RP.
and even examine the genetic basis of these phenotypic changes Chiu said. Johnson whose lab studies the genetics behavior evolution
and health of honeybees noted that the study showed that ants and bees are related more closely than previously thought.
Now scientists at the University of Glasgow have identified the genetic basis for at least one form of resistance to amitraz
which will allow a genetic test for resistance to be developed. Professor Nicholas Jonsson of the Institute of Biodiversity Animal health and Comparative Medicine said:
Although a genetic test for resistance is not likely to be perfect the existing bioassays are technically challenging expensive
This research paves the way for a new genetic test for resistance that will help farmers to make management decisions for the control of ticks as well as enable empirical studies on field
Punyasena also believes that those who conduct qualitative research in fields beyond palynology from the description of fossil species to the recognition of mutant phenotypes in genetic research will be able to apply the new approach to their work.
The newly published study--led by professor Haja Kadarmideen--is the first in the world looking at pig to human comparative genetic mapping to reveal key genes on the human genome that are known to be involved in obesity.
Each of the 1200 pig's DNA was assessed using a genomic chip technology that simultaneously created a genetic profile at 60000 locations across the entire DNA of each pig.
The research was clearly able to show that for some (pigs with certain genetic variants) overeating was normal behaviour.
This is the first study in the world looking at pig to human comparative genetic mapping to reveal key genes on the human genome (e g. on chromosomes 6 and 17) that are known to be involved in human obesity and some new genes;
Thus addressing the question some humans may have a genetic disposition to overeat. Our pig model research indicates that eating behaviours runs in families.
In their experiments the researchers used the genetic model system Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) that was engineered genetically in such a way that neurons activated by DEET glowed fluorescent green.
The genetic background of the Baoul is very valuable for African agriculture. Crossing large breeds of cattle that produce a lot of meat and milk such as the Zebu with the smaller but immunologically stronger Baoul could be very beneficial for farming in Africa.
she is currently exploring them from a genetic perspective to better understand the complex communication between the microbiome and the plant.
When pigs were infected with H. pylori the researchers observed an increase in another type of immune cells called pro-inflammatory CD4+T helper cells followed by an increase in CD8+cytotoxic T cells according to the study.
#Modifying rice crops to resist herbicide prompts weedy neighbors growth spurtrice containing an overactive gene that makes it resistant to a common herbicide can pass that genetic trait to weedy rice prompting powerful growth even
When Snow and Lu set out to study this new genetic engineering method they didn t know what to expect.#
She is interested in identifying new possible outcomes of the growth of crop-weed hybrids that contain genetic modifications
but she doesn t take sides about possible risks and benefits of genetically modified crops.##oeit s not always the end of the world if a weed starts to become a lot more common after acquiring a new trait#there may be effective ways to manage that weed#Snow said.#
#oeyou just can t make sweeping generalizations about genetic engineering and knowledge from ecological studies like ours can help inform risk assessment and biosafety oversight.#
Patrick Brown an assistant professor in plant breeding and genetics said having a complete characterization of the locations (loci) affecting specific traits will speed up the adaptation of sorghum and other related grasses to new production
The researchers used a new technique called genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) to map genetic differences in 1160 sorghum lines.
Even with this complete genetic map Brown said the research is still not at the end point.
which hasn't been improved at all yet it's where most of the genetic diversity is.
For that genetic diversity to be useful to grain sorghum we need to know where the genes are for height
Brown added that with genetic studies and improvements there are other value-added opportunities for sorghum grain.
and ancestral genetic toolkit that enabled animals and fungi to evolve into diverse multicellular life forms.
It is as if the genetic toolkit for becoming multicellular was assembled and modified bit by bit in the single-cell lineages that share a common ancestry with animals.
#Genetics of how and why fish swim in schools: Research sheds light on complex social behaviorhow
'Some kind of genetic factor'controlling behavior Greenwood and several colleagues in the Peichel Lab at Fred Hutch have been studying sticklebacks for several years to understand the genesis of natural variation.
That really suggests that there's some kind of genetic factor controlling this difference Greenwood said. This time around the researchers used lab-raised hybrids of the strongly schooling saltwater-dwelling marine sticklebacks and the schooling-averse sticklebacks that live in freshwater.
but not the highly pathogenic H5n1 virus. The complete genetic material from a total of five influenza viruses from mallard and common gull were sequenced and characterized.
and America influenza viruses with different genetic material have developed between these two continents. However in some areas it has been observed that genes can be exchanged between influenza viruses from Eurasia and America.
We took advantage of cutting-edge next-generation genetic sequencing technology that's now available. It enabled us to perform quickly an analysis that would have taken years in the 1990s--a genome-wide analysis of the insecticide-resistance related genes in bedbugs.
And they include crop seeds with genetic traits that enable farmers to apply herbicides to their fields without harming the crops.
Prior to joining Dr. Bowden's laboratory Dr. Dickinson earned her Phd through the Genetics Graduate Interdisciplinary Program at the UA studying oxidative stress and heart disease.
To quantify the impact of genetic improvement in wheat disease and climate change over a 26-year period a team of researchers at Kansas State university examined wheat variety yield data from Kansas performance tests along with location-specific weather and disease data.
So far genetic improvement has allowed wheat yields to increase significantly over time but there are challenges ahead to keep up with potential increases in temperature.
and genetic improvement) using a unique data set and state-of-the-art statistical methods Barkley said. The results update
A new study co-authored by University of Florida researchers shows about 70 percent of published genetic sequence comparisons are not publicly accessible leaving researchers worldwide unable to get to critical data
Scientists are using the genetic data to construct the largest open-access tree of life as part of the National Science Foundation's $5. 6-million Assembling Visualizing
Soltis said the missing genetic data has required project collaborators to contact hundreds of researchers to request information
#Promiscuity and sperm selection improves genetic quality in birdsnew research from the University of East Anglia has shown that females can maximise the genetic quality of their offspring by being promiscuous.
and that they avoid artificial insemination which could lead to the genetic health of bred stocks being weaker.
A total of 211 participants ages 26 to 57 years had expanded an CAG repeat length (7) a certain genetic characteristic.
A case of multiple genetic adaptationsa genetic phenomenon that allows for the selection of multiple genetic mutations that all lead to a similar outcome--for instance the ability to digest milk--has been characterised for the first time in humans.
and reveals that individuals from the Eastern African population have adapted to be able to digest milk but via different mutations in their genetic material.
A team of geneticists from UCL University of Addis ababa and Roskilde University have shown that five different alleles are found in the Ethiopian population that cause adult lactase production one of which is confirmed newly.
Their study is published in The American Journal of Human genetics. Professor Dallas Swallow from the Department of Genetics Evolution and Environment senior author of the paper said:
Our genetic make-up determines our ability to digest milk into adulthood. Just over a third of the global population have inherited genes that allow us to make lactase the enzyme that digests milk as adults.
This study shows that several different genetic changes that allow our bodies to make lactase have emerged independently.
Changes to our lifestyle over the past 10000 years--including diet altitude acclimatisation and infectious disease resistance--will likely have caused many genetic adaptations of this kind.
We need lactase when we are babies to digest our mother's milk so in babies large amounts of lactase enzyme are expressed by our genes.
This parallel selection of different gene mutations that have the same phenotypic effect--in this case lactase persistence--is known as a soft selective sweep.
Soft selective sweeps have not been described so clearly before in humans one reason being caused that variations by soft selective sweeps are more likely to be caused by genetic mutations in regulatory sequences rather than mutations found in coding regions of genes.
Most statistical methods that analyse genetic variation assume we are looking for only one variation as the cause of genetic adaptation.
But in soft selective sweep patterns more than one genetic variation is selected in parallel which makes them more difficult to detect.
Dr Bryony Jones also from the UCL Department of Genetics Evolution and Environment and lead author of the paper said:
leopardsresearch by Clemson University conservation geneticists makes the case that landscape-level tiger and leopard conservation that includes protecting the corridors the big cats use for travel between habitat patches is the most effective conservation strategy for their long-term survival.
and leopard populations in central India and are paramount for sustaining the genetic variation required for their long-term persistence.
The genetic data showed that the region's tiger population divided rapidly twice in history:
The genetic data assembled from nearly 1500 hair and fecal samples indicates that while the flow of genes between the four tiger and leopard populations has decreased over time clusters linked by contiguous forest corridors have maintained a high rate of gene flow.
and on the ability of tiger populations to maintain genetic diversity Dutta said. As we know genetic diversity allows species to survive disease
and habitat stress and encourages long-term survival. Currently central India's tiger corridors have no legal protection
and a genetic bottleneck occurs dramatic human intervention is required to save isolated populations of cats from the perils of inbreeding.
and the health of our children--right down to the genetic level said Gerald Weissmann M d. Editor-In-chief of The FASEB Journal.
Shortly before the first farmers settled in Europe a genetic mutation occurred in humans that resulted in the ability to produce lactase throughout their lives.
and their mentors from different disciplines i e. anthropology archeology chemistry and genetics has been looking at the role played by milk cheese
Adam Powell a mathematician and population geneticist based in London will be contributing his skills as a modeler and statistician to the team of Mainz anthropologists.
#Genetic treasure hunting in sorghum may benefit crop improvementa consortium of researchers from The University of Queensland the Queensland Department of agriculture Fisheries
and Forestry (DAFF Qld) and BGI has discovered that sorghum a drought-tolerant African crop holds vastly more genetic variation than previously reported.
This study published in Nature Communications today provides an invaluable resource for the genetic improvement of sorghum
Crop domestication and genetic improvement are the key points for breeding research. Our joint efforts yield an invaluable genetic resource for researchers to explore sorghum evolution
and its genetic improvement. said Shuaishuai Tai Project Manager from BGI BGI is making continuous efforts for the advancement of agricultural research.
This is another significant breakthrough made by BGI on population genomics research after rice soybean and maize.
That's happening because of increased irrigation technology crop genetics and water management strategies. As a result researchers anticipate that
The investigation was conducted as part of the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) Study established in 1993 to assess the relationships among dietary lifestyle genetic factors and cancer risk.
and Hydrology (CEH) University of East Anglia University of Bristol and Institute of Zoology instead took advantage of bumblebees'unusual genetics.
which means they are related highly in genetic terms. We decided to exploit this interesting aspect of their biology using a novel combination of genetics field studies
and landscape modelling. The team sampled DNA non-lethally from live wild bumblebees including 2577 worker and 537 queen bees of five different species. Back in the laboratory they genotyped the samples
#Genesis and evolution of H7n9 influenza virusan international team of influenza researchers in China the United kingdom and the United states has used genetic sequencing to trace the source
because preharvest sprouting is a very difficult trait for wheat breeders to handle through breeding alone said Bikram Gill university distinguished professor of plant pathology and director of the Wheat Genetics Resource Center.
Gill conducted the study with Guihau Bai a researcher with the Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research Unit of the USDA-ARS adjunct professor of agronomy at Kansas State university and the study's lead author.
and Characterization of a Critical Regulator for Pre-Harvest Sprouting in Wheat appears in a recent issue of the scientific journal Genetics.
and his colleagues'efforts to fully sequence the genome--think genetic blueprint--of common wheat. Wheat is the only major food plant not to have sequenced its genome.
#Unscrambling the genetics of the chickens blue eggresearchers at The University of Nottingham have unscrambled the genetic mutation that gives the distinctive blue eggs laid by some breeds of chickens.
--and now thanks to scientists from The University of Nottingham we know what caused the eggs in some breeds to turn this unusual Colour in a four-year research project just published in the journal PLOS ONE the team from the School of Biology has identified the genetic mutation
The scientists used the unique genetic resources conserved by heritage or'fancy'poultry breeders to identify at fine resolution the exact location of the mutation in the genome in blue egg laying chicken.
which revealed the genetic cause of the blue coloured egg shell--surprisingly--an ancient harmless retrovirus in the domestic chicken.
A retrovirus is a virus that unlike most cellular organisms carries its genetic blueprint in the form of ribonucleic acid (RNA.
This makes it possible for genetic material from a retrovirus to become permanently incorporated into the DNA of an infected cell.
In this case no chemotherapy drug had been added Treatment with the flavonoid also modified gene expression. Certain genes associated with pro-inflammatory cytokines were highly upregulated de Mejia said.
Geneticists have puzzled long over why individuals of the same sex show a greater or lesser degree of sexual attractiveness.
In a new study published today in the journal PLOS Genetics scientists turned to male wild turkeys to solve the problem.
Therefore dominant males were both masculinised and defeminised in terms of their gene expression. A male s attractiveness is a function of how they express their genes rather than the genes themselves.
Professor Judith Mank UCL Department of Genetics Evolution & Environment senior author of the paper said:#
or submissive but suspect that the concentration of male hormones or androgens may play a role in gene expression.
A team of Smithsonian scientists however uncovered overlooked museum specimens of this remarkable animal which took them on a journey from museum cabinets in Chicago to cloud forests in South america to genetics labs in Washington D c. The result:
and other animals and plotted their genetic relationships in a phylogenetic tree. Corresponding author Ross Fitzgerald of the Roslin Institute and the University of Edinburgh in Scotland says strains of CC97 found in cows appear to be the ancestors of CC97 strains from humans.
After they made the jump the human CC97 strains acquired some new capabilities says Fitzgerald thanks to genes encoded on portable pieces of DNA called mobile genetic elements.
the bovine strains have their own mobile genetic elements. Perhaps the most problematic new capability the human strains acquired is the ability to resist methicillin an important antibiotic for fighting staphylococcal infections.
Ljubimova led the study with Manuel Penichet MD Phd associate professor of surgery microbiology immunology and molecular genetics at the University of California Los angeles David Geffen School of medicine.
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