Synopsis: Birth & reproduction: Reproduction:


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#Trying to Conceive How to Get Pregnant Having a child can be one of the most joyous experiences in one's life.

For a woman trying to get pregnant there are a number of ways to increase the chances

Before trying to get pregnant it's important to understand exactly the best time for this to happen.

when pregnancy occurs so it's important for a woman trying to conceive to understand her ovulation cycle.

Though a special diet is required not to get pregnant it can certainly help a woman's chances.

Certain nutrients can help ready your body for pregnancy while other foods and drink can lower your chances of getting pregnant.

Caffeine has not been proven to affect a woman's ability to get pregnant but it still should be consumed in moderation.

The American Pregnancy Association notes that caffeine can block the body's ability to absorb iron and calcium

which are key nutrients for pregnant women. Before pregnancy the menstrual cycle can strip the body of iron as well so it's important for women trying to get pregnant to load up on iron either through meat or multivitamins.

Refined carbs should be avoided. When carbs are processed key nutrients are stripped from the grain including antioxidants B vitamins and iron all of

which boost fertility. Whole grains are much more conducive to helping the body get ready to conceive as they contain many more nutrients than refined carbs such as white bread white rice and pasta.

Consuming fresh vegetables and fruits can help boost a woman's chances of getting pregnant.

The male sperm count definitely impacts the chances of pregnancy. To stay at an optimal sperm count men should be of a healthy weight keep folate levels high stop smoking


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The crates about two feet wide by seven feet long are roughly the same dimensions as a pregnant sow s own body preventing her from even turning around.


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The ultimate aim is to improve honeybee pollination and productivity on farms as well as help us monitor for any biosecurity threats including Colony Collapse Disorder a global phenomenon where worker bees from a beehive


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Once a female chinchilla becomes pregnant she will carry her young for about 111 days before giving birth.


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Constipation is caused by many factors such as poor diet dehydration lack of exercise jet lag or diet change while traveling pregnancy and certain medications.


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Loss of habitat and agricultural environments as well as the widespread use of pesticides and chemicals in farming are believed to be contributing to the current bee crisis throughout the United states. The value of pollination to agriculture is estimated at more than $200 billion each year worldwide


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Once pregnant females will have a gestation period of 147 to 180 days. She will give birth to one to three babies called kids at a time.


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#Pregnant Women May Lack Info on Household Toxins Pregnant women could be missing out on information about how environmental toxins may affect their unborn babies new research suggests.

The researchers noted that a 2011 study of more than 250 pregnant women found that all of them carried environmental chemicals in their bodies that could be passed onto the fetus.

Household cleaners are one of the main toxins pregnant women can try to avoid Stotland said.

Pregnant women can also avoid microwaving their food in plastic containers. Many plastics release toxic chemicals such as vinyl chloride

Other women not just those who are need pregnant to know about environmental chemicals too Conry said.

About 50 percent of pregnancies are planned not so we need to make sure all women are aware of healthy lifestyle decisions she said.


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After mating the cow will be pregnant for around 22 months. When the baby elephant is born finally it can weigh around 200 lbs 91 kg) and stand about 3 feet (1 m) tall.


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This reminds me of the pork industry's stubborn refusal to stop using gestation crates coffin-sized crates that confine pregnant sows so tightly that they can't even turn around.


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If there is a lack of food female monkeys will stop mating until there are better circumstances for getting pregnant.


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which are very high in folate a nutrient that is especially important during pregnancy. The scientists investigated the concentration of nutrients in the blood of 84 pregnant women who conceived at the peak of the rainy season

and 83 women who conceived at the peak of the dry season. In addition they analyzed the DNA of six specific genes in the women's infants

when they were 2 to 8 months old. 7 Ways Pregnant Women Affect Babies The researchers found that in all six genes the infants who were conceived during the rainy season had consistently higher rates of methylation in their DNA.

For instance whether Dutch women suffered through post-WORLD WAR II famines during pregnancy apparently influenced how skinny


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Pregnancy and preventing birth defects Avocados are full of folic acid providing about 23 percent of the recommended daily value.


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Can we do it for functions like pollination and biological control of pests? I hope we can start watching urban ecosystems for problem insects


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when they move from flower to flower during the pollination process. What wasn't known until now was the relationship of systemic host-jumping


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Like humans female gorillas are pregnant for nine months and usually give birth to only one infant at a time.


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After self-pollination the flowers lose their petals as the fertilized ovaries in the center of the flowers begin to enlarge.


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and flower simultaneously the plant will produce a seedless fruit that develops without fertilization. When removed the crown of the pineapple fruit contains small roots.


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This concentration can spike by nearly tenfold during and after pregnancy. Research has shown that male prolactin levels can also surge according to a 2008 review on male lactation published in the journal Trends in Ecology and Evolution.


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#Four Weeks Pregnant: What to Expect This is part of a Live Science series of articles on the weekly changes that a pregnant woman's body goes through as it adapts to the growing needs of the fetus inside her.

In the fourth week of your pregnancy (measured from the first day of your last period) you will begin to register positive results on pregnancy tests

and be able to confirm that you are pregnant. For the sake of accuracy wait until the end of the week to take any home pregnancy tests.

If the test comes back positive congratulations! You should make an appointment with your health care provider for a prenatal checkup.

If the test is still negative take another test at five weeks. Most practitioners don't see patients until they are eight weeks along so you may need to wait a few weeks before actually seeing a specialist.

However if you have had a high-risk pregnancy or a history of problems in giving birth you should see the health care provider sooner than that.

This early in the pregnancy there won't be any major outward changes in your body though the basal body temperature your body temperature

An absence of spotting is not a cause for concern as most women do not spot during the first few weeks of pregnancy.

Some pregnancy symptoms can start at this point including fatigue and exhaustion. Higher hormone levels direct more blood flow to your breasts causing them to be tender and sore.

The embryo now about 2 millimeters (0. 079 inches) long according to the American Pregnancy Association has three layers:

At this point and throughout the pregnancy you should avoid alcohol caffeine recreational drugs and smoking.

What to Expect a pregnancy advice website suggests eating three servings of lean protein on a daily basis. This will help tissue develop.

The American Pregnancy Association recommends talking to your health care provider before beginning or continuing an exercise routine

and strength training to help lessen the potential for lower-back pain throughout the pregnancy u


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#Three Weeks Pregnant: What to Expect This is part of a Live Science series of articles on the weekly changes that a pregnant woman's body goes through as it adapts to the growing needs of the fetus inside her.

In the third week of pregnancy it's possible that a woman won't yet know that she is pregnant.

There won't be any major outward changes in her body although some pregnancy symptoms may have started. A pregnancy's timeline begins the first day of a woman's last menstrual period.

Home pregnancy tests are designed to be used a week after a woman's missed period so she should wait until then to avoid anxiety over a false negative test

and to keep from wasting money. At this stage in the pregnancy the basal body temperature your body temperature when you are completely at rest will be high.

You may notice some mild cramping usually from one side. This pain is called mittelschmerz German for middle pain is associated with ovulation

when the ovary is releasing an egg. Some women will experience an increase in vaginal discharge

An absence of spotting is not a cause for concern as the majority of women do not spot during the first few weeks of pregnancy.

Other symptoms of the pregnancy at this point include fatigue and exhaustion. Also higher hormone levels direct more blood flow to the breasts causing them to be tender and sore.

In weeks 1 and 2 of pregnancy the fertilized egg moves into the uterus and becomes a blastocyte or blastocyst a very tiny group of cells the size of the head of a pin.

The part that develops into the placenta begins to produce human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg) a pregnancy hormone.

This is the hormone that pregnancy tests look for so you may be able to take such a test at this time

and get proof that you are pregnant. Because this stage is different for each woman

At this point and throughout the pregnancy you should avoid alcohol caffeine recreational drugs and smoking.

What to Expect a pregnancy advice website suggests eating three servings of lean protein on a daily basis. This will help with tissue development.

The American Pregnancy Association recommends talking to your health care provider before beginning or continuing an exercise routine

and strength training to help lessen the potential for lower back pain throughout the pregnancy. e


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Female bighorns are pregnant for about 175 days or about 25 weeks. They usually have only one lamb at a time.


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Females become pregnant every other year. Water buffalo tend to live around 25 years according to the University of Michigan


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explained either by the fertilization effect of elevated CO2 levels or by the fact that they are still in the process of growing back from major disturbances in past centuries.


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Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) on Immunization issues vaccination advice to THE WHO, including use of a single dose of vaccine in adults and adolescents and use of any licensed vaccine for pregnant women.

Researchers from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention warn that pregnant women might be increased at risk for complications from pandemic H1n1 in a research paper in eventid=login>The Lancet (hithardbyswi. html>more on this story.

The CDC cid=mm58d0512a1e>notes that it is seeing some severe complications in cases of H1n1 in pregnant women,


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In the past, work on cattle led to the development of the smallpox vaccine and in vitro fertilization techniques.


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and only rarely produced viable seeds after fertilization. In contrast, the triple mutants created by Mercier

and fertilization produced viable triploid and tetraploid seeds. The results are encouraging, says Ueli Grossniklaus, a plant developmental biologist at the University of Zurich,

Researchers must first find out how to engineer crop plants to produce viable seeds from diploid reproductive cells without fertilization a process called parthenogenesis.

fertilization causes the chromosome number of the offspring to double in each generation, an undesirable outcome.


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to children under five and to pregnant women (see http://tiny. cc/WHOH1N1). Renewable energy:


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and production from a possible carbon fertilization effect increased carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere may be beneficial to some crops,

Taking carbon fertilization into account could give a more optimistic outcome, he says. But Goulding adds that the models also do not include loss of land to bioenergy crops


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600 women from five different regions in Colombia, in a retrospective time-to-pregnancy study that did not establish a relationship between fertility problems and the coca eradication spraying4.


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the indirect benefits of iron fertilization from whale faeces might remove more carbon from the atmosphere by boosting algal growth than the growth of the whales themselves.


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which showed that the soil was acidifying rapidly because of over-fertilization (see'Acid soil threatens Chinese farms').


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But Chinese farmers are often unaware of the consequences of over-fertilization. They see the green leaves

Better education could provide a simple solution to the fertilization problem. Upendra Singh, a soil scientist at the IFDC


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We believe the cells know they are male or female at fertilization, Clinton says.


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Plant biologists fear for cress project: Nature Newsthe brilliant career of a diminutive weed may have hit a snag.


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higher concentrations of the gas reduce water loss during photosynthesis. A strong CO2 fertilization effect

But in the Northern hemisphere, fertilization experiments which involve pumping tonnes of CO2 into forest plots indicate that the effect is limited by the availability of nutrients such as nitrogen.

CO2 fertilization is absolutely critical in the tropics and we know absolutely nothing about it


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They called for a rethink of current fertilization practices. Zhang Fusuo, a plant nutritionist at the China Agricultural University in Beijing, says China has 9%of the world's arable land


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and used for commercial pollination in tomato greenhouses. Honeybees tend to perform poorly in tomato pollination.

But in the last three years, researchers have identified five North american species that have undergone a relatively swift population reduction since the 1990s


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as nitrogen fertilization helps the exotic geranium take over. It just doesn't make any sense to ask what percentage of the decline is due to anthropogenic climate change from a scientific standpoint it doesn't have much value.


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increasing fertilization and promoting the use of land-management techniques that integrate forests with agriculture.


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And last month, a study8 showed that women who ate acrylamide-rich food during pregnancy tended to give birth to smaller babies.


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Breast-milk molecule raises risk of HIV transmissiona type of sugar that occurs naturally in breast milk can double the likelihood of a HIV-negative baby acquiring the virus through breast feeding

The often confusing literature on breast feeding's impact on disease will be explained largely by this underestimation.


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the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA), was thrown a lifeline on 25 january. The functions of the HFEA and another regulator the Human Tissue Authority were due to be transferred to other bodies


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Ecotoxicologist James Cresswell, who studies pollination at the University of Exeter, UK, says that one can still equivocate over the evidence


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Climate modellers trying to build carbon fertilization into their forecasts have had  precious few data to go on."

But the Hadley Centre s simulations, like all climate models, assume a substantial CO2-fertilization effect in the tropics.

the extent of CO2 fertilization largely determines the Amazon s resilience to global warming.""Let s do it right.

Because of the sheer volume of carbon cycling through the tropics, the fertilization effect has a massive impact on the amount of carbon that forests take up globally and on how much remains in the atmosphere.

UK modellers showed last year3that atmospheric CO2 Â levels in 2100 depended largely on the magnitude of the fertilization effect,

Richard Betts, a member of the Hadley team, says the paper showed that the effect of the CO2-fertilization feedback was potentially much larger than had been thought."

The experiments in temperate forests   rings of towers that inject CO2 into circular plots   showed an initial fertilization effect,

In theory, the fertilization effect should be stronger in the tropics, where warmer temperatures work in concert with higher CO2 levels to increase the rate of photosynthesis


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despite reproducing by internal fertilization. A study published today in Current Biology1 shows that the development of chicken penises is cut short by signals that promote cell death."


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After initially planning to dissolve the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority and the Human Tissue Authority,


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 but they are threatened because of habitat loss as well as gene flow from domesticated plants through cross-pollination, says Paul Gepts, a plant breeder at the University of California,


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or wild relatives through cross-pollination make those plants more competitive in survival and reproduction.""The traditional expectation is that any sort of transgene will confer disadvantage in the wild in the absence of selection pressure,


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Earlier studies seemed to suggest that CO2 fertilization could not explain it and that enhanced nitrogen deposition due to industrial activities might be a factor.


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She was nine months pregnant at the time. My son's name is Alex and Alex almost was born never says Levandowski.


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and the vegetation that depends on them for pollination. Fewer bees not only means less honey it means less food.

Totally crazy to think that technology can be as efficient as the natural bee in pollination.


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In fact you can only get this temporary cure that allows you to get pregnant for a short period of time


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The cross-pollination bit is the perhaps the most disturbing thing but I head somewhere that recently they prohibited agro companies from suing farmers that accidentally grow GMO crops that got there by cross pollinationalso the article says that theres nothing thats been published to support the notion of any health detriments (or benefits) from GMO crops...

FYI-It is impossible to stop cross pollination. Committee Charge from the Office of the Secretary The AC21 has been charged by the Office of the Secretary with addressing the following questions:

http://www. usda. gov/documents/ac21 report-enhancing-coexistence. pdfthey sue people for cross pollination and win by out spending them-Many of these farmers have had to pay a settlement to the corporation even


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if that means cross-pollination may cause non-modified rice to die or what.)Opponents also say there are better ways of relieving Vitamin a deficiency such as encouraging farmers to grow

BBC Why aren't there tests inside controlled environments to see what effects there are of cross pollination?

And yes cross-pollination with other plants has unknown consequences. You get different strains of plants.

and 19 million pregnant women in 122 countries were estimated to be affected by Vitamin a deficiency in 2005.

Cross-pollination and hybridization occurs naturally...genetic modification happens in the lab only.@@shutterpod...genetic modification happens in the lab only really guess you never heard of domestication corn hybrids or evolution?


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The honey substitutes that are being fed to bees weakens their immune system making migrating pollination services unreliable and expensive.


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and employed periodic and permanent herbal pregnancy contraception. Our Euopean ancestors made crosses part of door and window constuction;

and employed periodic and permanent herbal pregnancy contraception. Our Euopean ancestors made crosses part of door and window constuction;


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Crops from almonds to berries to broccoli to onions all depend on bee pollination. In addition to breeding colony collapse-resistant bees the Washington researchers hope to breed new bees with other traits American farmers from different regions want.


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but for their pollination services--without them you wouldn't have almonds blueberries tomatoes and a long list of other crucial crops.

Heck you could even use them for pollination!..If the bee disappeared off the face of the earth man would only have four years left to live...

I think most of the Midwest was still under snow at that time so even incidental cross pollination is impossible.

the corn syrup they are forced to eat en route to their next pollination gig...is laced with Monsanto and Bayer's Systemic Neurotoxins.


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This coming a day after I read that exposure to smog when pregnant doubles the likelihood of diseases such as spina bifida in newborns.


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There are many ways to pollinate. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Pollination But what is killing the bees


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If it's already pregnant some of its female children will even become sterile. Along with those more traditional techniques Metro Transit Authority officials are hoping this puts a dent in the rodent population.

If you sterilize the female rats the males ones can't get them pregnant. That's how sexual reproduction works.


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and pregnant women--avoid pig barns at fairs. Keeping away from sick-looking pigs is important but not adequate.


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and the water supply is polluted and pregnant with disease germs. This is the condition of things now in the surrounding country


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For starters it's possible to reduce the chance of cross-pollination by staggering planting schedules


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In 1970 the average cow needed 1. 8 rounds of artificial insemination to get pregnant. In 2000 cows needed on average three rounds.


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while pregnant as the parasite can cause birth defects. In South america there is a much higher incidence of severe symptoms in otherwise healthy people.


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In addition to substantially reducing the number of new calves the PZP had no apparent effect on pregnant females or their offspring.


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Whether from cows goats or sheep raw milk and milk products are a continuing source of bacterial infections that are especially dangerous to pregnant women fetuses the elderly young children

but Maldonado said that even in healthy herds there are other organisms that can cause serious bacterial infections in children and pregnant women.

or pregnant women they can cause severe illness. The academy's policy statement endorses a nationwide ban on the sale of raw


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However more research is needed to evaluate the health consequences of secondhand exposure to nicotine from e-cigarettes especially among vulnerable populations including children pregnant women and people with cardiovascular conditions.


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and depend on forest-bound species for pollination and dispersal. Their conservation will depend on our ability to protect large areas of old-growth forests.


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and vegetable crops rely on pollination by bees and other insect species--and the future of many of those species is uncertain.

We've developed a set of metrics that we think offers a comprehensive overview of pollination efficiency

The researchers conducted a pilot study using their comprehensive approach to assess the pollination performance of various bee species on economically important highbush blueberry crops in North carolina.


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Particularly in the context of the crisis-stricken honeybee populations the buff-tailed bumblebee Bombus terrestris is being bred on an industrial scale for the pollination of fruit and vegetable crops both inside and outside greenhouses.


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and crop pollination--but the Dartmouth study is the first to do so for albedo or the surface reflection of incoming solar energy.


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The study also has implications for understanding the effects of climate change on plant pollination.


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and royal jelly but also to those dedicated to crop pollination and queen bee breeding. The researcher specialized in bee genetics points out that the developed technology was published recently on INIFAP we are in process of validation using field tests with beekeepers


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or ph and pollination syndromes said lead author Yelenik who earned her doctorate from UCSB's Department of Ecology Evolution and Marine Biology and now works for the U s. Geological Survey's Pacific Island Ecosystems


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and therefore reduces honey production and even pollination efficiency. The team also found that the mandibular gland


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#Obesity among risk factors for delayed lactation in women with gestational diabetespre-pregnancy obesity and older maternal age are among the risk factors for delayed lactation for women with gestational diabetes mellitus

or diabetes during pregnancy and to determine whether pre-pregnancy weight was an independent risk factor even after the severity of their GDM was taken into account.

The women were enrolled between September 2008 and March 2011 in the Study of Women Infant Feeding and Type 2 Diabetes (SWIFT) an ongoing study of Kaiser permanente Northern California members who experienced a diagnosis of gestational diabetes.

and was associated with pre-pregnancy obesity older maternal age and insulin treatment for GDM (which is indicative of greater severity of gestational diabetes).

Among the study group the average pre-pregnancy body mass index was 29.3 falling within the overweight category.

GDM is associated with higher pre-pregnancy weight. However even in this population being in the heaviest BMI category (i e. obese) increased the risk for delayed onset of lactation.

Gestational diabetes mellitus defined as glucose intolerance with first onset during pregnancy occurs in 7 percent of all U s. pregnancies

and almost 50 percent of women with a GDM pregnancy will be diagnosed with type 2 diabetes within five to eight years after pregnancy.


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In developing countries in particular nitrogen fertilization rates are spiraling upward driving up fossil-fuel consumption Deluca said.

Although modest in comparison to modern fertilization the observation that cyanobacteria could drive the productivity of these boreal floodplain systems so effectively for so long makes one question


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if their mothers had lived in relatively close proximity to where pesticides were used while pregnant. Hypospadias is a genital malformation in

The study sample comprised 690 cases of hypospadias as well as 2195 controls randomly selected for comparison The researchers considered pesticides used within 500 meters of the mother's residence during weeks one to 14 of each pregnancy.


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