Synopsis: Birth & reproduction: Reproduction:


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or if they appear later during lactation altered respiratory function has been found in those children whose mothers smoke during pregnancy


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because their research has revealed that soil K testing is of no value for predicting soil K availability and that KCL fertilization seldom pays.

Test values fluctuated drastically did not differentiate soil K buildup from depletion and increased even in the complete absence of K fertilization.

Khan and his colleagues pointed out that KCL fertilization has long been promoted as a prerequisite for high nutritional value for food and feed.

whether K fertilization is needed. Based on published research cited in their paper they prefer the use of potassium sulfate not KCL.


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There is growing concern regarding the global decline of honey bee populations and the implications of this demise for the pollination of crops.

In the future we may rely on other insect species to perform crop pollination services including naturally-occurring native

Pollination success of generalist plants tends to be positively related to pollinator diversity so any habitat modifications that increase the number of pollinating species present at a site would tend to be of some inherent value.


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But changes in grazing pressure and pollination can also affect the genetic composition of natural plant populations according to a new study.

and pollination intensity determine whether the short or the tall primrose morph reproduces more successfully.


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Even though we have antiretroviral drugs that can work to prevent mother-to-child transmission not every pregnant woman is being tested for HIV

Worldwide in 2011 an estimated 330000 children acquired HIV from their mothers during pregnancy or birth or through breastfeeding according to UNICEF.


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of California Cooperative Extension in Salinas studied nitrogen (N) fertilization and irrigation management practices in fall-planted annual strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.

They also surveyed growers regarding their nitrogen (N) fertilization practices. Our primary objective was to document plant

Our research determined that current nitrogen fertilization practices did not efficiently match the crop N uptake pattern observed Hartz said.


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and beans may increase their chance of becoming pregnant according to dietitians at Loyola University Health System (LUHS).

and reduce the risk of complications during pregnancy. Thirty percent of infertility is due to either being overweight or underweight according to the National Infertility Association.


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Although the researchers saw a strong historical influence of carbon fertilization in carbon absorption that exchange does have its limits Saleska said.


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#Unregulated, agricultural ammonia threatens U s. national parks ecologythirty-eight U s. national parks are experiencing accidental fertilization at

However no government regulations currently limit the amount of ammonia (NH3) that enters the atmosphere through agricultural fertilization or manure from animal husbandry


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One in three mouthfuls of our food depend on bee pollination said lead author Dr John Bryden from the School of Biological sciences at Royal Holloway.

and safeguard future pollination services. Pesticides can have a detrimental effect on bees at levels used in the field said co-author Dr Nigel Raine.


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For the first time it could be demonstrated with smoking pregnant women and their children how exposure to tobacco smoke affects the development of human immune system on molecular level.

For some time now the impact of environmental stressors during pregnancy on allergy risk among newborn children is a main research topic at Leipzig Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research (UFZ.

Former studies have already proven that smoking during pregnancy can harm the unborn child: Newborns from smoking mothers have shown low birth weights and impaired lung functions;

To investigate the relationship between smoking mothers during pregnancy on the one hand and their children's risk of developing allergies on the other the scientists from Leipzig examined microrna-223 microrna-155 and regulatory T cells--not only in the blood samples of pregnant women (36 weeks pregnant

) but also at birth in the cord blood of their babies. At the same time questionnaires were filled out and urine samples of the pregnant women were tested to substantiate the effect from exposure to tobacco smoke

and/or from volatile organic compounds resulting from smoking. From the pool of mothers participating in the LINA-study 315 mothers (6. 6 percent of whom were smokers)

Now the immunologists from Leipzig explicate we will know more about the molecular processes that trigger off stressors from smoke during pregnancy.


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#Understanding soil nitrogen management using synchrotron technologyas food security becomes an increasingly important global issue scientists are looking for the best way to maintain the organic matter in soils using different methods of fertilization and crop rotation.

Indeed fertilization has had a profound effect on humanity as a whole. The downside of nitrogen fertilization is that run off of nitrates to the surface waters or leaching of nitrates to groundwater cause problems with water quality and eutrophication in lakes.

The recent algal blooms on Lake Winnipeg are a prime example of this nitrogen pollution.


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To obtain the snack researchers enriched apple slices with mandarin juice using a technology of impregnation developed


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This was restoration not fertilization said Battles. We were only replacing what was lost. Researchers monitored the forest over the next 15 years comparing the treatment area with an adjacent watershed that had the same characteristics


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Honeybees are one of the most important bee species in the world in terms of their contribution to food production through pollination.


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These benefits may include for example reduced pollution outflow and erosion and better wind protection pest control and pollination.


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and vegetable crops around the country in an approach known as managed pollination It involves placing bee hives in fields

when crops are ready for pollination. The biggest impacts from decreased hive numbers will be felt by farmers producing crops with high pollination requirements such as almonds.

Consumers may see a lowered availability of certain fruits and vegetables and some higher costs explained Fell.

Honeybees are not the only species of bee that can be used in managed pollination. If colonies continue declining Fell believes that there will be an increase in the use of other species including the bumble bee and alfalfa leafcutter bee.

In addition they are not as easily managed for pollination as the honeybee. The major advantages of using honeybees are ease of movement both in


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By biasing fertilisation in favour of MHC-dissimilar males females increase the diversity of MHC within their offspring providing them with better disease resistance.


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#Dieting for obese mothers just before pregnancy may not be enoughwhile there is never a bad time to address one's own obesity

According to new research published in the September 2013 issue of The FASEB Journal not only is dieting before getting pregnant not enough to prevent diabetes risks

One week after conception embryos from all of these sheep were transferred to normal weight normally nourished sheep for the remainder of pregnancy.


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and urban areas and to enhance pollination services for crops and biodiversity. Under current agri-environment schemes the UK Government pays farmers to manage their land for the benefit of particular habitats


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because the sugar gave them extra energy to handle the burden of pregnancy --but then had lower reproductive rates as the study progressed partly


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because bees play a pivotal role in crop pollination agricultural yields and therefore food supply and prices.


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and increasing the chance of pollination. An infrared camera from Goleta-based FLIR captured time-sequence thermal photography of Chanel as her spadix the tall core spike that houses both female and male flowers heated up to nearly human body temperature.

and pollination systems said Scott Hodges professor in the Department of Ecology Evolution and Marine Biology.


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Julia Calderã n-DÃ az a Phd candidate at University of College Dublin said pregnant sows placed on cushioned flooring would have a lower risk of being compared lame with sows placed on concrete.

In this experiment researchers studied the effects of two types of flooring on pregnant gilts in Ireland.

One hundred sixty-four pregnant gilts were divided into two groups. One group was housed on concrete slatted floors

The replacement gilts were observed from the time they were bred until 110 days into their pregnancy.

Dr. Alan Fahey a lecturer at the University college Dublin said the gilts were studied during two pregnancies.

The results were similar during both pregnancies. Sows housed on rubber mats had reduced a risk of swelling

In the European union pregnant sows must be housed group four weeks after breeding until one week before farrowing.

Calderã n-DÃ az said other countries are likely to use group housing for pregnant sows in the near future.


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In late fall and early winter pregnant females migrate to waters off the southeastern U s. to give birth.


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whether an oil palm plantlet is a high-yielding palm Even with selective breeding 10 to 15 percent of plants are the low-yielding dura form due to uncontrollable wind and insect pollination particularly in plantations


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and other insects--the pollination they carry out is essential for both natural ecosystems and agriculture.


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Across the steps of the pollination process from patterns of bumblebee visits to plants to picking up pollen to seed production the researchers saw a cascading effect of removing one bee species


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and imported bumblebees are essential for pollination of greenhouse crops such as tomatoes. They are used also to enhance pollination of other food crops such as strawberries

and are marketed now for use in people s gardens. The trade is large and widespread:


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Fisher recommends diversifying diets in pregnant and nursing women since diets are determined long before they taste their first bite of solid food.


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But a Kansas State university researcher found that inflammation that occurs naturally in dairy cows the first few days after giving birth may play a surprisingly beneficial role in the complex process of going from late pregnancy to lactation.


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To test whether such a carbon dioxide fertilization effect was taking place in forests Keenan Richardson


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Contemporary nitrogen fertilization practices are not environmentally or economically smart says Busov who studies the functional genomics of plant development.

They can suck some of the excess nitrogen from crop fertilization out of ground water. That's good for the plants and good for nature the researcher observes.


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because it is a very important element for children and pregnant women. The concentration of nutrients in animal food products is linked to the diets of the animals reared.

Iodine is necessary for the metabolism especially during pregnancy and infancy. Iodine deficiency can cause scurvy which has historically been a big problem the world over particularly in populations at a distance from the coast who did not eat much fish


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In normal pollination sperm-carrying pollen grains land on the pistil's tip or stigma and grow tubes down its style to reach the ovaries in the ovules at the pistil's base.

but fertilization often fails at the pollen tube burst -and-release step. Among crop plants pollination means food.

Understanding this molecular back-and-forth at all the different levels and stages will be useful to either engineer the process


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#54%of pregnant women use insecticides that are harmful to the fetus, Spanish study showspregnancy and infancy are the periods of greatest vulnerability to the use of household insecticides.

Spanish researchers have described the use of domestic pesticides during pregnancy and the first year of life in nearly 2500 women and children in Sabadell Guipã zcoa and various areas of Asturias and the Valencian Community.

In 2003 and 2008 the authors monitored the women who agreed to take part in the project from the beginning of their pregnancy until birth and during their offspring's first few years of life.

Exposure during pregnancy or infancy proves to have a negative impact on fetal growth and neurological effects as well as increasing the risk of childhood leukemia she continues.

The results show that 54%of pregnant women used some kind of insecticide inside the home

5%throughout the whole year 75%seasonally and 20%on an occasional basis. The most frequently used method in the bedroom was the electric device at 62%.47%of pregnant women used insecticides in the rest

Only 1%of women used insect repellents during pregnancy. 10%of pregnant women used outdoor insecticides such as in gardens or vegetable plots and yards with plants:

53%during pregnancy and 26%during infancy. In contrast the use of the electric device remained constant.


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The researchers fed two groups of pregnant sheep corn oil either with nothing added to it


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The study of 50 pregnant women found detectable levels of organochlorines in all of the women participating in the study--including DDT PCBS

Most studies of environmental contaminants and child development wait until children are much older to evaluate effects of things the mother may have been exposed to during pregnancy;

-and low-income pregnant women living in and around Baltimore Md. At 36 weeks of pregnancy blood samples were collected from the mothers

and measurements were taken of fetal heart rate and motor activity. The blood samples were tested for levels of 11 pesticides and 36 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) compounds.


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However recently there has been a lot of concern that the decline of pollinators might result in pollination limitation of insect-pollinated crops.

'Rachael Winfree a leading pollination scientist from Rutgers University New jersey USA comments'This is an interesting timely and comprehensive study that tests several ecological hypotheses to answer an important question:


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Shorter lactation periods could mean shorter gaps between pregnancies and a higher rate of reproduction.


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and vegetables depends on animal pollination and we know that most crop pollination is done by wild pollinators.

Biodiversity is important to ensuring we don't lose that service. Relying on a few species could be risky in a changing environment he added.

or to the quality of the pollination services they provide to wildflowers or agricultural crops.


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and skin cancers and has been associated with other conditions as well including heart disease type 2 diabetes cognitive deficits and adverse pregnancy outcomes.


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Indeed he believes farmers will benefit from healthy pollinator populations as they provide substantial economic benefits to crop pollination.


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For instance Kikuyu women in Africa smear themselves with the sap of fig trees to ensure pregnancy..


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While 50 years of inorganic fertilization did increase soil organic carbon stocks in a long-term experiment in western Kansas the practice seemingly failed to enhance soil aggregate stability--a key indicator of soil

Fertilization typically leaves behind more crop residues in fields he explains which in turn can boost soil organic carbon levels.

When he tested soils from the experimental plots he saw soil organic carbon concentrations rise gradually with increases in nitrogen fertilization at soil depths from 0 to 6 inches although not at deeper ones.

Similarly phosphorus fertilization increased soil organic carbon at depths of 0 to 3 inches and 6 to 12 inches.

Because tillage periodically disturbs the soil it may also negate any benefits of fertilization. Blanco is now testing these hypotheses in three additional long-term experiments in Nebraska that encompass a wider range of tillage practices

The hypothesis is that inorganic fertilization combined with conservation tillage--strip till no-till and others--may improve soil structural properties relative to conventional tillage systems.


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and rivers leading to over-fertilization and low-oxygen conditions that endanger fish and other aquatic life.


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in pregnant women. Human tuberculosis from animal origin can affect the lungs but is located often in others part of the body.


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Current fertilization practices may not match the uptake capabilities of hybrids that contain transgenic insect protection


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and fertilization due to the processing and transport required for these products and services. Landscaping is something everyone can understand Townsend-Small says.


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Ovaries are the female reproductive organs that produce eggs that are fertilized for pregnancy as well as secrete hormones important to bone and cardiovascular health.


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As the need for carbon sequestration biofuels and other forest products increases the study suggests that there might be unintended consequences to enhancing ecosystems using fertilization.


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because most of its milk comes from pregnant cows. Estrogenic hormones reside primarily in fat


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They then exercised the pregnant sows between days 40 and 105 of gestation. For exercise the sows were walked for 30 minutes a day three times a week.


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and these bees search for other coffee plants to find more nectar leading to better pollination.


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Because everything was compressed more there was less overlap and less time for successful pollination. Of the 532 pairings between the plants and bees that linked the subset of Robertson's network Knight

A 40-year-old re-collection of Robertson's networkbut Burkle and Knight were aware that counting network links was a crude measure of pollination services.

Marlin's dataset gave us visitation rate a quantitative measure of pollination we otherwise wouldn't have had.

and at worst can clog up pistils preventing fertilization the bee washings also pointed to a decline in pollination services.


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and coffee to examine the consequences of having abundant wild pollinators for crop pollination. Our study demonstrates that production of many fruit


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These patterns are thought to be important for pollination. Bees can identify and are attracted sometimes to patterned flowers over plain flowers.


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and the U s. but may be prevented with gradually introducing gluten-containing foods to breast-feeding infants according to a comprehensive study led by researchers at Ume㥠University.

and the U s. but may be prevented with gradually introducing gluten-containing foods to breast-feeding infants according to a comprehensive study led by researchers at Ume㥠University.


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and/or to increase pollination efficiency. Right now we really don't know what drives them Redmond said.


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Fortunately this carbon release is counteracted by the positive effects of carbon dioxide fertilisation on plant growth under most scenarios of the 21st century


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and ultimately after pollination seeds--will provide more physical space for the development of the structures that mature into kernels.


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In corn reproduction male flowers at the top of the plants distribute pollen grains two at a time through individual tubes to tiny cobs on the stalks covered by strands known as silks in a process known as double fertilization.

The team took advantage of an extremely rare phenomenon in plants called hetero-fertilization in


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and they carry out very important biological functions such as pollination nutrient recycling and biological control of plagues as their larvae feed on other insects that are damaging to crops


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The very young elderly pregnant immunocompromised and other high-risk individuals should avoid all contact with raw animal-product based treats


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Ten pregnant cows at OSU's dairy were fed different amounts of flaxseed--up to seven percent of their daily diet.


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#Two new studies show why biodiversity is important for pollination services in California almondagricultural demand for pollination is growing more quickly than the supply of honey bees the dominant species managed for crop pollination.

Increasing the efficiency of pollination represents a way of increasing crop yield without any increase in agricultural intensity or area.

Biological sciences shows that the pollination effectiveness of honey bees in California almond orchards was greater in the presence of other bees.

Almond is a crop highly dependent on honey bee pollination and is a $3 billion industry in California.

and their pollination effectiveness was greater than in orchards where other bees were absent. Furthermore orchards with wild bees had a greater proportion fruit set.

These findings show that wild pollinators not only contribute directly to almond pollination but also indirectly through increasing the pollination service provided by the honey bees.

A second study in the same system published in Global Change Biology found two other mechanisms by which pollinator diversity improved pollination service to almond.

Firstly they found that honey bees preferred to visit flowers in the top parts of the almond trees.

Where wild pollinators were present they often visited the lower parts of the trees filling the gap in pollination service left by the honey bees.

Secondly in high winds orchards with only honey bees present had almost no pollination service as the honey bees were not flying.

In orchards with a diversity of pollinators pollination service was buffered to an extent by the wild bees.

therefore help sustain pollination service under extreme weather conditions when the service by honey bees declines.

The findings presented in the two articles highlight different ways biodiversity is important for pollination service.


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because it causes stillbirths abortions and fetal defects in pregnant cows and ewes. It has spread rapidly throughout Europe since its discovery in Germany less than eighteen months ago (in October 2011.

when virus is transmitted from an SBV infected mother to the calves or lambs in the uterus during pregnancy.


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If the soil is the source this could lead to depletion of this resource without fertilization.


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An estimated 35 per cent of global crop production depends on petal-mediated animal pollination but a decrease in pollinator numbers across the world has started to limit the odds of pollination

and reduce crop production rates. Flowers and the animals that pollinate plants interact at the petal surface.

Learning more about how iridescence is produced is important for pollination of crops and also for other types of patterning in biology.


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Feeding pregnant cows and suckling calves typically requires pasture or rangeland and represents a substantial maintenance cost.

Growing grass more efficiently through strategic irrigation fertilization and grazing strategies can significantly improve yield


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and the UAH suggests that foliar fertilization could be used as a tool to produce plants for high quality reforestation.

and oak leaves instead of using the traditional fertilization which is based on the nitrogen absorption through the root.

and Politã cnica de Madrid concluded that this fertilization system can be an efficient tool to complement radical fertilization regimes

The results confirm that foliar feeding is a suitable tool to complement the traditional methods of nursery fertilization based on the radical absorption (pointing out the urea as the most efficient fertilizer.


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The excessive fertilisation (eutrophication) of our seas results in an over-production of algae commonly known as seaweed.

which otherwise contribute to the excess fertilisation of water bodies and partly when we cultivate algae that actually absorb nitrogen and phosphorus from the sea.


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pregnant women against heavy metal poisoningyogurt containing probiotic bacteria successfully protected children and pregnant women against heavy metal exposure in a recent study.

The special yogurt was distributed to a group of pregnant women and a group of children.

The team found a significant protective effect of the probiotic against mercury and arsenic in the pregnant women.

The researchers were excited by the potential of basic foodstuffs to provide preventative protection for pregnant women worldwide.


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and produced plants that were less responsive to common agricultural management such as fertilization. The results reflect the long-term ecological impacts of land use changes such as the conversion of forests to agricultural land researchers say.


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when by pregnant women they found that only (S)- thalidomide caused birth defects whereas (R)- thalidomide had desired the calming and anti-nausea effects.


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Alternative approaches to prevent breast milk transmission of CMV say the authors could include routine CMV-serologic testing of pregnant mothers to enable counseling regarding the risk of infection;


ScienceDaily_2014 01789.txt

or understand the recovery enough to do management conservation tasks such as fertilization that would enhance the recovery Bertness said.


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nitrogen in U s. soils may be due to factors such as an inherently greater amount of organic matter in the soil a history of fertilization in the Corn belt


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and many of the benefits that come from the forest's ecosystem such as pest control and pollination.


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One third of our food is dependent on the pollination of fruits nuts and vegetables by bees and other insects.


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The cross-pollination services they provide are required by approximately 80 percent of all flowering plants and 1/3 of all agricultural food production directly depends on bee pollination.

As a result there has been a flurry of research on honeybee parasitic mite infestations viral diseases and the direct and indirect impacts of pesticides.


ScienceDaily_2014 05122.txt

What your great-grandmother was exposed to during pregnancy like the pesticide methoxychlor may promote a dramatic increase in your susceptibility to develop disease


ScienceDaily_2014 05262.txt

We need to clarify the effects that warming will have on the reproductive phase to detect the possible impacts increased temperatures will have on flowering pollination fruit development


ScienceDaily_2014 05301.txt

One female recently was confirmed pregnant and a second exhibiting reproductive behavior is scheduled for an ultrasound in the coming weeks.


ScienceDaily_2014 05486.txt

A study of pregnancy and birth risks for late talking in twins is currently underway by the study authors.


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Agriculture is responsible for 20 to 35 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions largely in the form of carbon dioxide from tropical deforestation methane from livestock and rice growing and nitrous oxide from crop fertilization.

and China India and the United states for crop fertilization. With respect to nutrient use the study found that worldwide 60 percent of nitrogen


ScienceDaily_2014 05752.txt

Bartomeus will explain the equation and the usefulness of tongue length data for ecology at the 99th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America in Sacramento Cal. this August during the Pollination I oral session on Thursday


ScienceDaily_2014 06046.txt

Impacts of invasive ants can include direct effects such as displaced local species and indirect effects on key ecological functions such as frugivory pollination and seed dispersal.


ScienceDaily_2014 06315.txt

and cues shapes pollination informing animals about where and when food is available. Researchers have thought in general about eavesdropping as a force that makes signals less conspicuous leading to the evolution of'whispers'to counter spying.

I studied because their movements determine plant pollination. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by University of California-San diego. The original article was written by Kim Mcdonald.


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