It also gives scientists new insight into ways to fight parasitic weeds that wreak havoc on food crops in some of the poorest parts of the world.
and nutrients out of the host plants dodder uses an appendage called a haustorium to penetrate the plant.
His finding could also help solve issues of food scarcity. Parasitic plants such as witchweed and broomrape are serious problems for legumes
#Bloodsucking parasitic eyeworm a culprit to 2010 quail decline, researchers believein the summer of 2010 the Rolling Plains of West Texas expected a bumper crop of quail.
Now as part of the largest quail disease study ever undertaken in the U s. scientists at The Institute of Environmental and Human Health at Texas Tech University believe they have found a major culprit.
The study part of multi-million-dollar Operation Idiopathic Decline and funded by the private Rolling Plains Quail Research Foundation is titled Evidence of an Oxispirura petrowi Epizootic in Northern bobwhites
Rick Snipes president of The Rolling Plains Quail Research Foundation said he was impressed with the researchers'findings.
and release eggs. In the paper Live Eyeworm (Oxyspirura petrowi) extraction in-vitro culture and Transfer for Experimental Studies published in the Journal of Parasitology Kendall describes how these parasitic nematodes ingest blood from the quail
and feed predominantly in ducts behind the eye where they can cause severe inflammation and edema from their feeding activities.
We did a size comparison Kendall said If these parasites were in a human and you compared the size of the quail eye to the human eye it would be like having a worm about the size of a toothpick behind your eye.
Now imagine having up to 40 or 50 of them in there and we have seen this in the wild.
There's no way for the quail to get these parasites out once they invade the eye.
and insect numbers for the quail to eat and for a time quail numbers swelled.
and many communities depend on the economic boost quail hunting brings. It was very green and lush
and we had a lot of quail he said. Then we didn't have any quail when we approached October 1.
We do not believe it had anything to do with habitat. Habitat in 2010 was the best we had seen in many years.
We think infection with these eyeworms can negatively impact vision of quail. These birds need to be 100 percent performance ready to get away from a Cooper's hawk.
If you are a quail in the wild and if you have vision impairment it could negatively impact your ability to get away from a predator.
which in turn created a quail population boom. But there was a catch. Kendall believes that by eating crickets infected with eyeworms quail were actually swallowing a poisoned pill.
Eggs from eyeworms in quail would be left behind in the birds'feces which in turn would be eaten by more crickets.
There's evidence of eyeworms all over the Rolling Plains now he said. We need a cure;
Maybe this might provide more interpretation of why we have such large cyclic crashes of quail.
One thing we do know is that there have been increased reports of quail flying into objects such as barns and houses.
Or is it their ability to hoist water hundreds of feet into the air supplying the green solar-powered sugar factories in those leaves?
#Sustainable green alternatives to fertilizers could boost food, energy securitylancaster University scientists are leading research looking at formulating sustainable fertilizers from renewable energy waste.
and potentially with widespread take-up help to slow down rising food prices. The collaborative project which also includes Stopford Energy
In addition phosphate-based fertilizer relies on the mining of phosphate a finite and unsustainable resource
It could also help to improve food security and reduce costs to farmers as production of digestate-ash fertilizer would not be linked to the global price of oil and gas.
and biomass energy plants to create a new safe and sustainable source of nutrients for agriculture.
and industry to address some of the major challenges facing food and energy security. Although the project is based here in the UK we believe there is exciting potential to produce a sustainable alternative to existing fertilizer use across the globe.
and digestate can be useful nutrient sources for crops in conditions low in nutrients. Ash is rich in micro and macro-nutrients.
Anaerobic digestate is a rich source of trace metals and nitrogen. The research also involves partnering with industry partners to ensure the resulting product meets the requirements of farmers and bioenergy producers.
#Bamboo pale Ale beer from modern craft breweryin order to be a novel alternative in the industry of microbreweries in Mexico a young entrepreneur opted for the manufacture
and marketing of a beer made from bamboo first of its kind in the country
The product was created with the intention of being a unique drink of its kind made â#ith natural ingredients
So he returned to Mexico with the firm idea of entering the craft beer market with a unique formula.
and applied precisely in the part of the beer fermentation prepared with two hops yeast and wheat malt he adds.
and the process avoids filtering the beverage so it has more texture and retains its natural ingredients.
The result is a brown Ale beer (highly fermented) refreshing spicy fruity and herbal final flavor with six degrees of alcohol and a thick foam.
When the beer was ready for release I decided to create the company whose initial production capacity was 80 liters per month
The commercial launch was in November 2012 during the Puebla Beer Fest event says Mora Tello.
It also has various commercial applications serving as building material laminates and particleboard and in the manufacture of beverages paper charcoal and vinegar.
and benefits of the bamboo business says Mora Tello who not only cultivates the kind used for beer but others specific for furniture crafts and paper.
and use these hybrids we can substantially increase grain production to achieve global food security. Genomic prediction uses genome-wide markers to predict future individuals
when cut among other novelties could be making an appearance on grocery shelves. The simple avoidance of introducing foreign genes makes genetically edited crops more natural than transgenic crops obtained by inserting foreign genes said Chidananda Nagamangala Kanchiswamy of Istituto Agrario San Michele in Italy.
but also an influx of nutrients Rebozo said. The plants respond well to that in terms of flowering and the number of seeds they set the next year.
and significantly alter the cycling of carbon and nutrients in woodland ecosystems according to a new study.
and nutrients from wood in forests and their responses to changes in microclimate driven by fragmentation
#Ecology could break deadlock between grouse shooting, hen harrier conservation on UK moorlandsas another grouse shooting season begins research out today in The british Ecological Society's Journal of Applied Ecology shows ecology could help break the decades-long deadlock
between grouse shooters and conservationists seeking to protect hen harriers on UK moorlands. Led by Professor Steve Redpath of the University of Aberdeen the study involved grouse managers and conservationists as well as ecologists.
Using science as a way to seek solutions to the conflict the grouse managers and conservationists together agreed key questions they wanted the research to answer.
The ecologists then developed a model to explore a possible compromise solution. The model showed that at certain population densities harriers can coexist with profitable grouse shooting.
According to Redpath: The model suggested that across the grouse moors of England there was room for 70 pairs of hen harriers at relatively low cost for grouse shooting.
This could be achieved using a simple approach where when harriers breed at levels that have a significant economic impact on grouse shoots the excess chicks would be removed from the grouse moors reared in captivity
and then released into the wild elsewhere. Similar schemes are used in continental Europe where harriers breeding in crops are threatened by harvesting.
The next step is for grouse managers and conservationists to use the results of the model to agree on an acceptable number of harriers
and then test the idea in a field trial. The standoff between grouse managers and hen harrier conservationists is one of the UK's most bitter and contentious wildlife conflicts.
Grouse managers want to maximize the number of birds available for shooting and see any predation by hen harriers as a threat.
Hen harriers eat grouse and are killed illegally so despite being protected legally the birds have disappeared all but on moorland managed for intensive grouse shooting.
There were no breeding harriers in England in 2013. Grouse moor management has benefits for biodiversity and for communities.
Because predator species are animals that survive by preying on other organisms they send ripples throughout the food web regulating the effects other animals have on that ecosystem.
or the progression of direct and indirect effects predators have across lower levels in a food chain.
since unlike other marine mammals they rely solely on their fur rather than an extra layer of blubber to stay warm--it's like a 120-pound human eating 30 pounds of food per day.
and a food source for many species. Researchers found that when sea otters arrive in an area from
Ravens are opportunistic foragers eating just about anything including carrion. In addition they tend to be highly intelligent birds that adapt quickly to changing environments
and eggs and hawks are predominantly predators of adults these landscape changes could shift ecosystem dynamics.
Predation risk would now likely be greater for sage-grouse eggs and young and correspondingly lower for adult sage-grouse and other prey species. This adds new insights for ecosystem managers who seek to understand the complex relationships between ravens hawks sage-grouse populations and habitat changes.
The project is funded through the Agriculture and Foods Research Initiative. Corn Growing Degree days or GDDS will show producers how their crops are developing in lieu of this year's planting delays
Farmers are producing crops under more variable conditions so these tools can be critical to both food safety
#Keeping filler ingredients out of your cup of coffeecoffee drinkers beware: Surprise ingredients that are neither sweet nor flavorful may be hiding in your coffee
The good news is that a highly accurate test is in the works to quickly find coffee containing unwanted fillers before the beverage reaches stores and restaurants.
Now however Nixdorf and her team at State university of Londrina in Brazil have developed a way to nip coffee counterfeiting in the bud.
either with corn barley wheat soybeans rice beans acai seed brown sugar or starch syrup she says.
Wood twigs sticks parchment husks whole coffee berries or even clumps of earth that are almost the same color as coffee have been found.
The added unwanted grain fillers generate different levels of sugars than the natural ingredients so they are easy to identify she explains.
But when participants were given popcorn in a movie theater people who have a habit of eating popcorn at the movies ate just as much stale popcorn as participants in the fresh popcorn group.
But the data changes when you ask what people are actually eating. Only 11 percent of people reported that they met this goal.
or healthy eating is your goal try moving unhealthy foods to a top shelf out of reach or to the back of the freezer instead of in front.
The level of infection was determined by the number of nematode eggs per gram of the animal's feces.
an adult female sheep with the maximum egg count of 2000 eggs per gram of feces might lose as little as 2 percent or as much as 20 percent of her body weight.
and can impede the absorption of nutrients. Therefore tolerance to nematode infection could result from an ability to make up for the lost nutrition
or from the ability to repair damage the parasites cause to the gut Graham said.
So tolerant individuals might be the ones who are better able to compete for food
or better able to assimilate protein and other useful nutrients from the limited forage. Tolerant animals might invest energy in gut repair
If the availability of nutrients even just during the first few months of life impacts lifelong parasite tolerance simple nutritional supplements could be an effective way to promote tolerance in people.
#How critically ill infants can benefit most from human milkhuman milk is infant food but for sick hospitalized babies it's also medicine.
and director of the Lactation Program at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) and the invited guest editor of the August 2014 issue of the journal published by the National Association of Neonatal Nurses.
An internationally prominent lactation expert Spatz leads a robust breastfeeding and Lactation Program at CHOP.
CHOP is already on the cutting edge of human milk science and lactation services with a state-of-the-art Human Milk Management Center and round-the-clock support from nurses and international board-certified lactation consultants
At CHOP more than four out of five infants discharged from the Hospital's intensive care units are receiving human milk.
This week CHOP announced plans to launch a nonprofit milk bank with the Human Milk Banking Association of North america within a year an onsite resource not commonly offered within a U s. children's hospital.
In the special issue Spatz and her colleagues from CHOP and other institutions cover a variety of topics on the provision of human milk in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) including original research articles ethical rationales
of CHOP's Lactation Team and the Human Milk Management Center and Spatz argues that under the best interest principle the infant's best interest not parental authority should have priority in guiding infant feeding practices particularly for critically ill babies in the NICU.
The well-documented health benefits of human milk say the authors make it the optimal form of nutrition for those infants. â#¢Implementation of a Human Milk Management Center by Spatz
and colleagues describes the CHOP experience in developing its Human Milk Management Center. This centralized facility optimizes the provision of human milk for the most vulnerable infants allowing staff to analyze human milk fortifying milk under clean conditions
Roman and medieval timesduring a four-year excavation of an Etruscan well at the ancient Italian settlement of Cetamura del Chianti a team led by a Florida State university archaeologist
and daily life in Chianti and the surrounding region she said of the well excavation that began in 2011
One of the Etruscan vessels actually a wine bucket is tooled finely and decorated with figurines of the marine monster Skylla de Grummond said.
They can provide a key to the history of wine in ancient Tuscany over a period from the third century B c. E. to the first century C. E. she said.
Though the grape seeds are of a primary importance they are put into context by the many objects associated with the drinking of wine--a wine bucket a strainer an amphora
and drinking of wine. The grape seeds often were found inside the bronze vessels a curious detail that de Grummond says could be indicative of ritual activity.
Frequent fire favors quick germination and spread of forbs and grasses. Most grasslands in California are not native.
and 1/3 of all agricultural food production directly depends on bee pollination. As a result there has been a flurry of research on honeybee parasitic mite infestations viral diseases and the direct and indirect impacts of pesticides.
Vaccines however may only prevent the spread of the disease rather than help those who have contracted already the infection because of how quickly the disease progresses.
#Farm manager plays leading role in postharvest losswith all the effort it takes to grow a food crop from seed to sale it may be surprising that some farms in Brazil lose 10 to 12 percent of their yield at various points
According to a University of Illinois agricultural economist when it comes to meeting the needs of the world's growing population that's a lot of food falling through the cracks.
The lack of any significant biomagnification through the food chain indicates that there is very little risk of harm from exposure to these CUPS in this region.
and internal organs as they move up the food chain. Biomagnification has been implicated as the cause of higher concentrations of many long-used pesticides
They examined the vegetation-caribou-wolf food chain in the area where the presence of other organic contaminants such as legacy pesticides
and for food security issues that Northerner's face that we monitor traditional food sources Morris said.
By testing vegetation the researchers found large enough concentrations of CUPS to confirm that they were entering the food chain.
but they did not increase (biomagnify) significantly in caribou compared to their diet. The concentrations were even lower in wolves suggesting sufficient metabolism of CUPS in both animals to prevent significant biomagnification.
But this needs to be confirmed in other food chains in the Arctic before general trends can be established that are applicable to larger data sets.
and in food chains compared to legacy contaminants. Morris has widened his research to include marine food chains
and is also studying the effects of a range of organic flame retardants on the same terrestrial food chain.
The animal samples used in the research were provided all by subsistence hunters and trappers. There would be no study possible at all without their co-operation Morris said.
#Eating more dietary pulses can increase fullness, may help manage weighteating about one serving a day of beans peas chickpeas
A systematic review and meta-analysis of all available clinical trials found that people felt 31 per cent fuller after eating on average 160 grams of dietary pulses compared with a control diet according to senior author
Dr. John Sievenpiper of St michael's Hospital's Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre.
Pulses have a low glycemic index (meaning that they are foods that break down slowly) and can be used to reduce
or displace animal protein as well as bad fats such as trans fat in a dish or meal.
which may be due in part to hunger and food cravings. Knowing which foods make people feel fuller longer may help them lose weight
and keep it off. He said the finding that pulses make people feel fuller was true across various age categories and Body Mass Indexes.
Although the analysis found pulses had little impact on second meal food intake the amount of food someone eats at his
or her next meal these findings support longer term clinical trials that have shown a weight loss benefit of dietary pulses.
Dr. Sievenpiper said another bonus from eating pulses is that they are Canadian crops. That means eating local being more sustainable
and receiving many health benefits he said. Dr. Sievenpiper's systematic review and meta-analysis included nine clinical trials involving 126 participants out of more than 2000 papers screened.
and meta-analysis by Dr. Sievenpiper's research group found that eating on average one serving a day of beans peas chickpeas
but this research might persuade them to do so said Tatiana Borisova an assistant professor in UF/IFAS food and resource economics department.
Ekaterina Vorotnikova a doctoral student in food and resource economics worked on the study to identify how much the web tool could increase profits and yield by reducing spraying for anthracnose and botrytis two of the crop's deadliest diseases.
But this was said not optimal John Vansickle a UF/IFAS food and resource economics professor and a study co-author.
The work was funded by the National Institute on Drug abuse of the National institutes of health and the Center for Tobacco Products of the U s. Food and Drug Administration.
However research however shows that the societal price of addiction to nicotine is high--tobacco use in the US is implicated in more deaths each year than alcohol and illicit drugs combined.
firmness texture size color flavor and human nutrition. Researchers then divided traits into six more categories so respondents revealed their preferences about 36 different blueberry traits.
Consumers valued such factors as so sweetâ#no sugar added and bold and intense blueberry flavor the highest.
Also high on their list were full of juice and full of antioxidants. Olmstead said his ongoing research includes improving blueberry texture
In a Phd project at the National Food Institute Technical University of Denmark the latest technologies within whole genome sequencing were exploited to develop new methods to identify genes which are important for the survival of MRSA in pigs.
In her Phd project at the National Food Institute Phd student Mette Theilgaard exploited the latest technologies within whole genome sequencing
which makes it difficult to control the spread of this MRSA type. LA-MRSA ST398 is zoonotic
We still don't know which specific genetic factors in this MRSA type facilitate the spread from animals to humans.
#Crowdsourcing may help dieters lose weightcrowdsourcing may help dieters stick to healthy foods and lose weight as participants are trained as good as experts at correctly rating the healthiness of foods
and giving feedback on them indicates research published online in the Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association.
and getting personalized feedback on diet have been linked to greater weight loss but can be hard to sustain over time say the researchers.
and information might help people stick to a healthy diet. They used 450 photos of food/drink uploaded onto the Eatery app by 333 unique users in Europe and the US.
This app enables users to rate their meals on a basic sliding'healthiness'scale from'fit'(healthy) to'fat'(unhealthy)
and to rate the photos of other app users in the same way in a bid to help them improve the quality of their diet.
Three public health students all of whom had completed course work in dietary assessment were asked to rate the same pictures using a more complex scale based on a set of nutritional standards--the 2010 US Dietary Guidelines--with points
deducted for unhealthy components and added for healthy ones. These guidelines aim to reduce dietary intake of foods high in salt saturated and trans fats sugar
and refined grains and alcohol and increase consumption of fruits vegetables whole grains low fat unsweetened dairy products and low cholesterol protein.
The expert raters'scores were compared then with those of the app users. The results showed that both sets of ratings were added similar to
They gave the'eat more of'foods such as fruits and vegetables a higher healthiness score
and the'eat less of'foods such as processed and fast foods and sugar sweetened drinks a lower healthiness score.
and that peers can rate both healthy and unhealthy foods in the expected direction they conclude.
and retain in derivate foods from the soursop. The work of the Technological Institute of Tepic is in charge of Efigenia Montalvo Gonzalez who was awarded the Coca-cola award for Young Researchers in its 2013 edition a biennial award given by the National Award in Science
and Food technology (PNCTA) organized by the CONACYT (National Council for Science and Technology) and Mexican Industry Coca-cola for the last 38 years as part of its commitment to develop support measures to promote the well-being of society.
About the research Montalvo Gonzã¡lez mentions: We are analyzing acetogenins in soursop pulp frozen for over a year in ice cream made with yogurt.
We tested three methods of extraction in these food (sonication microwave and leaching. The first conclusions are that the freezing
and storage of the fruit does not affect the presence of acetogenins. In a second stage of the investigation at the Technological Institute of Tepic the acetogenins in juice and fruit nectar will be treated with ultrasound then isolated and purified;
after that researchers will structurally identify the types of acetogenins present in the cultures. The results will show
whether or not the processing of foods derived from soursop affect anticancer compounds. The research also seeks to add value to the fruit so the least of it is wasted.
We focus on acetogenins compounds because in Mexico cancer is a disease that is increasing among the population
lez indicates that once the results are obtained the process could lead to the development of products derived from the soursop as ice cream yogurt juice or puree;
food where it is established that the presence of acetogenins is maintained. The National Science and Technology Award in Food annually recognizes students and researchers from across the country in search of technological functional and nutritional development of domestic foodstuffs.
Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Investigaciã n y Desarrollo. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length
when to germinate grow make food flower and even age. Like eyes the phytochrome is a light sensor that converts sunlight into chemical signals to get these jobs done.
and consequently make the food we eat and the oxygen we breathe says Vierstra. Vierstra and his team found that by making specific changes to the light sensor they can dupe it into staying in its active state longer.
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