so it can be planted in hot and dry land in soil unsuitable for food production. The plant does need water to grow
Also potential detrimental effects such as the accumulation of salt in desert soils need to be evaluated carefully.
Some act as predators and influence the population sizes of other insects by eating them. They gather a lot of dead insects
The adult ants eat only liquids not solid food. So they bring their prey back to the nest where it is eaten by ant larvae
This mixture then is placed in mesh bags suspended over funnels that in turn are above plastic bags containing alcohol to kill
#Diets lacking omega-3s lead to anxiety, hyperactivity in teens: Generational omega-3 deficiencies have worsening effects over timediets lacking omega-3 fatty acids--found in foods like wild fish some eggs
and grass-fed livestock--can have worsened effects over consecutive generations especially affecting teens according to a University of Pittsburgh study.
but this study indicates that nutrition is a big factor too said Bita Moghaddam lead author of the paper and professor of neuroscience in the Kenneth P. Dietrich School of arts and Sciences.
not only because their diet is deficient but because their parents'diet was deficient as well. This is of particular concern
Diets lacking omega-3 fatty acids--found in foods like wild fish eggs and grass-fed livestock--can have worsened effects over consecutive generations especially affecting teens according to a University of Pittsburgh study.
Performing experiments in rats in Moghaddam's laboratory the research team examined a second generation of omega-3-deficient diets mimicking present-day adolescents.
which omega-3-deficient oils like corn and soy oil became prevalent and farm animals moved from eating grass to grain.
Since omega-3s are present in grass and algae much of today's grain-fed cattle contain less of these essential fatty acids.
It's remarkable that a relatively common dietary change can have said generational effects Moghaddam. It indicates that our diet does not merely affect us in the short-term
but also can affect our offspring. Other Pitt researchers involved in the study include Gonzalo Torres (ENGR'81) associate professor of neurobiology and from the Moghaddam laboratory:
The researchers conducted experiments with both embryos and hatchlings that were collected as newly laid eggs from four Pennsylvania ponds--two near agricultural fields and two farther away.
Return of wolves aids grizzly bears in Yellowstonea new study suggests that the return of wolves to Yellowstone national park is beginning to bring back a key part of the diet of grizzly bears that has been missing for much of the past century--berries that help bears
food for other small and large mammals; and special benefits to birds. The report said that berries may be sufficiently important to grizzly bear diet
and health that they could be considered in legal disputes--as is white pine nut availability now--about
Berries are one part of a diverse food source that aids bear survival and reproduction and at certain times of the year can be more than half their diet in many places in North america.
When wolves were removed from Yellowstone early in the 1900s increased browsing by elk herds caused the demise of young aspen
and willow trees--a favorite food--along with many berry-producing shrubs and tall herbaceous plants. The recovery of those trees and other food sources since the re-introduction of wolves in the 1990s has had a profound impact on the Yellowstone ecosystem researchers say
even though it's still in the very early stages. Studies like this also point to the need for an ecologically effective number of wolves said co-author Robert Beschta an OSU professor emeritus.
and shrub recovery researchers said this improves the diet and health of grizzly bears. In turn a healthy grizzly bear population provides a second avenue of control on wild ungulates especially on newborns in the spring time.
Because the abundant elk have been an important food for Yellowstone grizzly bears for the past half-century the increased supply of berries may help offset the reduced availability of elk in the bears'diet in recent years.
There is precedent for high levels of ungulate herbivory causing problems for grizzly bears who are omnivores that eat both plants and animals.
Before going extinct in the American Southwest by the early 1900s grizzly bear diets shifted toward livestock depredation the report noted
because of lack of plant-based food caused by livestock overgrazing. And in the absence of wolves black bears went extinct on Anticosti Island in Canada after over-browsing of berry shrubs by introduced while-tailed deer.
Increases in berry production in Yellowstone may also provide a buffer against other ecosystem shifts the researchers noted--whitebark pine nut production a favored bear food may be facing pressure from climate change.
In addition to eliminating wolf-livestock conflicts retiring livestock allotments in the grizzly bear recovery zone adjacent to Yellowstone could benefit bears through increases in plant foods.
when the number and force of head hits incurred over the course of a season were measured.
and games over the course of a single season the researchers employed sensors in the helmets of 50 players on three teams in two different leagues.
Even in forest plantation landscapes they rely heavily on patches of natural forest for food resources
Even in forest plantation landscapes they rely heavily on patches of natural forest for food resources
%Slow action#Pulverised on the surface of potatoes or the eggs of the invasive species the granulovirus contaminates the larvae through ingestion.
#Young cannabis-smokers aware of the health risks91 percent of on average 20-year-old Swiss men drink alcohol almost half of whom drink six beverages or more in a row and are thus at-risk consumers
whether these young Swiss men read up on addictive substances such as alcohol tobacco cannabis or other drugs and are aware
Those who consume more likely to seek information16 percent of the young Swiss men surveyed had used electronic media in the last 12 months to actively find out more about addictive substances. 20 percent of at-risk consumers of alcohol
Moreover at-risk consumers of alcohol or tobacco seek information two and a half times more frequently than abstainers.
and especially the at-risk consumers rate their knowledge of the health consequences of alcohol tobacco
#Good eating and sleep habits help kids succeed in schooladults often hear what they should be doing to improve their health.
Health habits such as eating and sleep patterns are linked to academic success according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
and in general that's not a problem explained Krista Casazza Ph d. R. D. assistant professor in the Department of Nutrition Sciences.
But when kids go to school without eating breakfast their cognitive function can be affected. Casazza suggests kids start the day with fruits proteins and whole grains.
because they cause a sugar high then a crash. A balanced breakfast will fuel the body for a long period
and help sustain their attention level through lunch when they need to eat well again Casazza said.
This will hold them until dinner and they won't snack ravenously after school. If the kids do need to eat something prior to dinner consider these options:#¢
#¢Offer healthy choices like yogurt fruits and veggies.#¢#¢If they want kid stuff baked chips can be an option in moderation.#¢
#¢Drink water. Soda lacks nutritional value. Once homework and dinner are done sleep needs to be the priority.
Children need a good night's sleep for their overall school performance said Kristin Avis Ph d. associate professor in the Department of Pediatrics Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine.
Lack of sleep can lead to problems with attention and memory in the classroom affect impulse control and mood regulation lead to anxiety and even depression Avis said.
Avis said kids ages 6-12 should get nine hours sleep nightly as should adolescents ages 13-18
while an oak sapling's spread is much flatter. Dr Stefan Kepinski senior lecturer in the University of Leeds'Faculty of Biological sciences and lead author of a paper in the journal Current Biology that gets to the bottom of the mystery said:
Depending on what sort of soil a plant is in it might be beneficial to be foraging for nutrients in the top soil
For example lateral root growth angle has been shown to be critical for increasing nutrient uptake in both broadleaf and cereal crop species. Our findings provide tools
Helping plants to naturally obtain the nitrogen they need is a key aspect of World Food security.
The University of Nottingham's Plant and Crop sciences Division is acclaimed internationally as a centre for fundamental and applied research underpinning its understanding of agriculture food production and quality and the natural environment.
It has enormous potential to help feed more people in many of the poorer parts of the world
#Honey bee gene targeting offers system to understand food-related behavioron July 25th Jove the Journal of Visualized Experiments will publish a new technique that will help scientists better understand the genes that govern food-related
The impact of this study could take scientists one-step closer toward understanding--and perhaps changing--undesirable food-related behavior in humans via gene control.
therefore honey bees have become an emerging system for us to understand food related behavior in humans.
The team believes it will be important to understanding how insulin pathways play a role in food-related behavior.
A honey bee's sensitivity to sugar predicts the food-choices and timing of foraging.
but may include a low level of genetic variability and/or inbreeding disease biotoxins pollutants food supply limitations and habitat loss.
In an unexpected finding most of the crops that the bees were pollinating appeared to provide their hives with little nourishment.
Honey bees gather pollen to take to their hives and feed their young. But when the researchers collected pollen from bees foraging on native North american crops such as blueberries and watermelon they found the pollen came from other flowering plants in the area not from the crops.
He's running around digging holes eating pineapples communicating vocally and getting lots of love. Cornell Hospital for Animals people play with him and bring him treats
The fruit and seeds of the oil palm are the source of nearly one-half of the supply of edible vegetable oil worldwide
Together they account for 45 percent of the edible vegetable oil worldwide. Palm oil also has the best energy balance of any commercial product currently used in biofuel applications yielding about 9 times the energy required to produce it according to Dr. Martienssen.
Ecological effects of the growth in goat herds include increasing conflicts with pastoralists predation by dogs on wildlife retaliatory killing of snow leopards and displacement of wildlife away from critical food habitats.
#Athletes need to be careful to monitor diet, weight to maintain muscle massathletes seeking a healthy performance weight should eat high fiber low-fat food balanced with their training regimen
in order to maintain muscle while still burning fat according to a report by an Oregon State university researcher.
In a peer-reviewed literature review published this summer in the Nestle Nutritional Institution Workshop Series OSU researcher Melinda Manore looked at the benefits of teaching athletes how to consume what she calls a low-energy-dense diet or high
-fiber highwater but lower-fat foods. She said too many athletes are pushed into fad diets or try to restrict calorie intake too much in a way that is unhealthy and unsustainable.
Depending on the sport athletes sometime want to either lose weight without losing lean tissue or gain weight mostly lean tissue she said.
Manore is professor of nutrition in the College of Public health and Human sciences at OSU She said the overwhelming body of research shows that just counting calories does not work.
It's important she said to adopt a low-energy-dense diet which includes a large amount of fruits vegetables whole grains lean meat fish
and low-fat dairy. Avoid beverages high in sugar especially soda and alcohol. Manore said half of a plate of food should be filled with fruits
and veggies and processed food should be avoided. Always opt for the food over the drink don't drink your calories Manore said.
Instead of drinking orange juice eat an orange. It has more fiber and fills you up more.
Other key points: While her paper is aimed at competitive and recreational athletes Manore said all of these tips can apply to anyone who wants to change their diet and head in a healthier direction.
Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Oregon State university. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length h
#Natural pest control protein effective against hookworm: A billion could benefita benign crystal protein produced naturally by bacteria
and used as an organic pesticide could be a safe inexpensive treatment for parasitic worms in humans
and Cryb proteins have been engineered into food crops such as corn and rice to render them pest resistant.
The scientific significance of the research he says is that bacteria similar to those that are food grade
and food crops than was realized previously. The National Science Foundation (NSF) funded the study co-authored by ecologist Heather Briggs of the University of California-Santa cruz. About 90 percent of plants need animals mostly insects to transfer pollen between them
and have evolved co with the floral resources they need for nutrition. During the past decade however scientists have reported dramatic declines in populations of some bee species sparking research into the potential impact of such declines.
But if economics set the bar for crop yield other factors--including climate--can still cause variations that lead to good years and devastating years.
If you knew you were going to have a good year you could plan you could give out loans you could do other things to boost food production to be prepared for bad years.
In a previous study last year Halas and colleagues showed that solar steam was so effective at direct conversion of solar energy into heat that it could even produce steam from ice water.
From there it continues its course to the Ganges river delta and the Bay of bengal. At the head of the Tsangpo Gorge the river makes a sharp bend around Namche Barwa a 25500-foot peak that is the eastern anchor of The himalayas.
The researchers discovered that people in rural West Bengal eating rice as a staple with greater than 0. 2 mg/kg arsenic showed higher frequencies of micronuclei than those consuming rice with less than this concentration
and Research Initiative (UKIERI) chose a study population with relatively similar dietary and socioeconomic status that was exposed not otherwise to arsenic for example through drinking water.
They demonstrated that the trend of greater genetic damage with increasing arsenic in rice was observed for both men and women for tobacco-users and non-users and for those from three different locations within the study area.
The pattern observed was broadly similar to that previously seen for people exposed to arsenic through drinking high arsenic well waters
As such it vindicates increasing concerns expressed by the European Food safety Authority and others about the adequacy of regulation of arsenic in rice.
In the absence of contamination rice is stored an easily food that provides essential energy vitamins
which we have observed significant genetic damage in people who consume it as a staple food.
We hope that our work will encourage efforts to introduce regulatory standards for arsenic in food and particularly in rice
and regulatory authorities to design further extensive research to set improved regulatory values for arsenic in rice particularly for those billions of people who consume 10 to 50%rice in their daily diet.*
and others supplying the vast data that feed the Googles and Expedias of the world.
and food productiona new study released today finds that so much water may be lost in the Volta River basin due to climate change that planned hydroelectric projects to boost energy
and food production may only tread water in keeping up with actual demand. Some 24 million people in Ghana Burkina faso and four other neighboring countries depend on the Volta River and its tributaries as their principal source of water.
IWMI and other centers involved with the CGIAR's Research Program on Climate Change Agriculture and Food security (CCAFS) are drawing attention to the Volta study as leaders from across Africa gather in Ghana for Africa Agriculture
Beyond that there is an urgent need to shift more food production away from rain-fed systems that are subject to the vagaries of climate to irrigated agriculture.
and by 45 percent by 2100 depriving the basin of water that countries are counting on to drive turbines and feed farms.
The study shows the loss of water in the basin would be especially challenging for poor farmers in rural areas where agriculture is the primary provider of food and income.
The above story is provided based on materials by CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change Agriculture and Food security.
show themif given the choice between eating a salad loaded with veggies or a burger and fries most kids
Laura Smarandescu an assistant professor of marketing and Brian Mennecke an associate professor of information systems did just that using a digital display featuring a rotating image of a salad along with menu information.
They found salad consumption among kids increased as much as 90 percent when a digital display showed a rotating image of the salad.
The results are from a field study conducted in July at the YMCA of Greater Des moines camp in Boone.
which included foods like tacos sloppy joes fruits and vegetables and had the additional option of a salad bar.
The kitchen staff weighed the salad bar items before and after each meal to calculate how much was consumed.
The digital sign had the greatest appeal among boys at the camp who were 50 to 70 percent more likely to serve themselves lettuce cucumbers tomatoes
and carrots when the digital display showcased a vivid picture of a salad. The cool effect that we found
. When given the choice between a still photo of a particular food or a rotating image participants in the lab opted for the rotating menu item.
You respond to the image on the display like you would respond to a plate in front of you.
'Taking the technology to the lunchroomfast food companies like Burger king have embraced the technology by using digital menu boards to feature new items
ISU researchers believe the displays could have a positive impact in school cafeterias and influence students to make better choices.
The concept is similar to the Smarter Lunchrooms Movement developed by Brian Wansink at Cornell University who has partnered with Smarandescu and Mennecke on their project.
By displaying nutritious foods and drinks in a way that makes them more accessible and attractive in the lunchroom Wansink has found students greatly increase their choice for more healthful options.
Iowa State researchers believe a digital display can motivate students to make better choices in the same way.
Sometimes they zoom in on the food and just by having that fine detail they make the food look better Smarandescu said.
If you can't see what an item looks like you have more uncertainty in a way. By seeing a picture of an item that looks good that will likely influence choice.
To test this researchers plan to use a digital display to feature daily menu items at restaurants
and others follow to form the familiar chicken-wire grid. Experiments in Tour's lab to see how graphene grows under high pressure
Late blight is still a major threat to global food security in the developing world she adds. Knowing how the pathogen genome has changed over time will help modern-day farmers better manage the disease.
since Roman times to improve plant nutrition and to control the spread of disease. A new study to be published in Nature's The ISME Journal reveals the profound effect it has on enriching soil with bacteria fungi and protozoa.
Changing the crop species massively changes the content of microbes in the soil which in turn helps the plant to acquire nutrients regulate growth
and protect itself against pests and diseases boosting yield said Professor Philip Poole from the John Innes Centre.
The disposal of the tomato skin and its other fibrous materials is an economic waste for many food processing industries.
a biomass for water purificationin addition to tomato peels Mr Ramakrishna also explored the viability of using the peels of apples for water purification as apple peels are easily available as biowaste from food processing industries
Zirconium loaded apple peels were found to be able to extract anions such as phosphate arsenate arsenite and chromate ions from aqueous solutions.
They are used also to enhance pollination of other food crops such as strawberries and are marketed now for use in people s gardens.
Parasites were also found in the pollen food supplied with the bees. Screening revealed that the imported bumblebee colonies carried a range of parasites including the three main bumblebee parasites (Crithidia bombi Nosema bombi and Apicystis bombi) three honeybee parasites (Nosema
and honeybees (Nosema ceranae and deformed wing virus). After the screening tests the team conducted a series of carefully controlled laboratory experiments to find out
because modern agriculture is radically changing the selection pressures acting on rice the most important food crop for most of the world's populations.
and just market the weedy stuff that's infested the fields as a health food he says.
Most adults feed on fruits sap nectar or other sweet fluids. The larvae vary considerably in size
#Monitoring nutrient intake can help vegetarian athletes stay competitivea balanced plant-based diet provides the same quality of fuel for athletes as a meat-based diet provided vegetarians seek out other sources
of certain nutrients that are more commonly found in animal products according to a presentation at the 2013 Institute of Food Technologists (IFT) Annual Meeting & Expo.
Ghosh's research noted that vegetarian athletes have been present throughout history. Perhaps most notably analysis of the bones of Roman Gladiators indicate they may have been vegetarians.
There are several notable vegetarian athletes today such as marathon runners Bart Yasso and Scott Jurek and pro Ironman triathlete Brendan Brazier.
The key to success Ghosh found is that vegetarian athletes must find ways within their diet to reach the acceptable macronutrient distribution for all athletes which he breaks down as carbohydrates (45-65 percent) fat (20-35 percent
) and protein (10-35 percent. Vegetarian athletes can meet their dietary needs from predominantly or exclusively plant-based sources when a variety of these foods are consumed daily
and energy intake is wrote adequate Ghosh in his presentation. Vegetarians should find non-meat sources of iron creatine zinc Vitamin b12 Vitamin d
and calcium because the main sources of these typically are animal products and could be lacking in their diets.
Vegetarian women in particular are increased at risk for non-anemic iron deficiency which may limit endurance performance.
In addition vegetarians as a group have lower mean muscle creatine concentrations which may affect high-level exercise performance.
These deficiencies can be avoided or remedied through several food sources acceptable to the vegetarian diet such as orange yellow
and green leafy vegetables fruits fortified breakfast cereals soy drinks nuts and milk products (for vegetarians who consume dairy).
Ghosh noted that his conclusions are based on observational and short-term interventional studies but there needs to be controlled a well long-term study to further assess the impact of a vegetarian diet on athletic performance.
The presentation also included a discussion of nutrition for bodybuilders defined as athletes whose primary goals are to maximize muscle size optimize fat
and minimize body fat. Phil Apong senior formulation specialist/researcher at Iovate Health Sciences said dietary recommendations for bodybuilders depend on many factors such as genetics age gender and body size.
But in general the current recommendation is 1. 4 to 2. 0 grams of protein per kilogram (g/kg) of body weight--about 1 gram per pound.
The above story is provided based on materials by Institute of Food Technologists (IFT. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length t
#Maize trade disruption could have global ramificationsnew research on the global maize (corn) trade suggests that any disruptions to U s. exports could pose food security risks for many U s. trade partners due to the lack of trade among other producing
or the diversion of corn to non-food uses such as ethanol suggests that significant stresses in these areas could jeopardize food security.
Maize is at the center of global food security as increasing demands for meat fuel uses
and cereal crop demands increase the grain's pivotal importance in diets worldwide. It is used as a basic raw material in producing starch oil protein alcohol food sweeteners and as a dietary staple.
Disruptions in any one major exporter's supplies could lead to price shocks. The centrality of maize means that it would become a critical food security risk
if major exporters experience disruptions due to non-food diversions plant diseases and climate impacts according to the article.
The researchers studied trade patterns from 2000-2009 and determined that the U s. is by far the largest exporter exporting four times as much maize as Argentina the next largest exporter.
Felicia Wu of Michigan State university and Hasan Guclu of the University of Pittsburgh use network models--essentially food trade maps--to track the movement of maize in their article Global Maize Trade and Food security:
and imports to study how clustering in trade patterns may affect food security. The clustering shows that nations generally do not trade broadly worldwide.
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