The estimated calculations of the starch production of these enhanced varieties would be the equivalent to those of crops like barley
or wheat As cereals are currently being used as the raw material to produce bioethanol genetically enhanced tobacco could be an alternative source of biomass
#Popcorn at the movies: Oral interference sabotages advertising effectsadvertising uses repetition to increase consumers'preference for brands.
There people usually consume popcorn and other snacks during watching commercials which disturbs the inner articulation of brand names.
Crucially half of the participants received popcorn to eat freely during the cinema session. For them the mouth was occupied with nibbling
and chewing the popcorn so the mouth muscles could not engage in inner speech when watching the ads for the novel brands.
However those participants who had eaten popcorn while watching the commercials one week before showed no such advertising effect.
In a second study with another 188 participants the popcorn procedure and commercial session was carried also out.
However the participants who had eaten popcorn did not show this effect. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by University of Cologne-Universitã¤t zu Kà ln.
The objective of our analysis was to examine changes in fruit vegetable legume whole-grain
The Rice lab of chemist James Tour has enhanced a polymer material to make it far more impermeable to pressurized gas
Tour and his colleagues at Rice and in Hungary Slovenia and India reported their results this week in the online edition of the American Chemistry Society journal ACS Nano.
By adding modified single-atom-thick graphene nanoribbons (GNRS) to thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) the Rice lab made it 1000 times harder for gas molecules to escape Tour said.
The researchers led by Rice graduate student Changsheng Xiang produced thin films of the composite material by solution casting GNRS treated with hexadecane and TPU a block copolymer of polyurethane that combines hard and soft materials.
Co-authors of the paper are Rice graduate students Daniel Hashim Zheng Yan Zhiwei Peng Chih-Chau Hwang Gedeng Ruan and Errol Samuel;
Rice alumnus Paris Cox; Bostjan Genorio a former postdoctoral researcher at Rice and now an assistant professor at the University of Ljubljana Slovenia;
Akos Kukovecz an associate professor of chemistry and ZÃ ltan KÃ nya head of the Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry both at the University of Szeged Hungary;
Rice senior faculty fellow Robert Vajtai; and Pulickel Ajayan the Benjamin M. and Mary Greenwood Anderson Professor in Mechanical engineering and Materials Science and of chemistry at Rice.
Tour is the T. T. and W. F. Chao Chair in Chemistry as well as a professor of mechanical engineering and materials science and of computer science at Rice.
The Air force Research Laboratory through the University Technology Corp. the Office of Naval Research MURI graphene program and the Air force Office of Scientific research MURI program supported the research.
#Discovery should save wheat farmers millions of dollarsthe global wheat industry sometimes loses as much as $1 billion a year
The result is both a lower yield of wheat and grains of inferior quality. This phenomenon known as pre-harvest sprouting or PHS has such important economic repercussions for farmers around the world that scientists have been working on finding a solution to the problem for at least a couple of decades.
and on the interaction between genotypes and the environment as they have tried to breed wheat that is resistant to PHS but with little success so far.
and then compare the way that these genes are expressed in PHS resistant versus PHS susceptible varieties of wheat.#
#oethis discovery is important for other cereals like barley as well as for wheat#said Surinder Singh a Ph d. student
and sticky crumbs produced by PHS wheat in future we should also end up with better beer.#
#oethe research opens up a whole new area of exploration for scientists as they try to increase the yields of wheat and decrease losses due to excessively humid conditions.
The study#oepolymorphic homoeolog of key gene of Rddm pathway ARGONAUTE4 9 class is associated with Pre-harvest Sprouting in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)#was published just in the journal#oeplos ONE#.
The Rice researchers led by Rice graduate student Mingjie Liu and postdoctoral researcher Vasilii Artyukhov were aware of a number of papers that described one property or another of carbyne.
Rice graduate student Fangbo Xu and former postdoctoral researcher Hoonkyung Lee now a professor at Konkuk University in South korea are co-authors of the paper.
Yakobson is Rice's Karl F. Hasselmann Professor of Mechanical engineering and Materials Science a professor of chemistry and a member of the Richard E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology.
Calculations were performed on the National Science Foundation-supported Davinci supercomputer administered by Rice's Ken Kennedy Institute for Information technology.
It can make grain boundaries migrate. This grain boundary migration is the key to healing the crack Demkowicz says.
The very idea that crystal grain boundaries could migrate within a solid metal has been studied extensively within the last decade Demkowicz says.
Self-healing however occurs only across a certain kind of boundary he explains--one that extends partway into a grain but not all the way through it.
This creates a type of defect is known as a disclination. Disclinations were noticed first a century ago
diet improves healthpolyphenols are naturally occurring compounds found largely in fruits vegetables coffee tea nuts legumes and cereals.
They can be used to produce nutrient-rich ingredients for at-risk Northern Saskatchewan Canadian and global populations by blending fruits with Saskatchewan cereals and pulses.
and his colleagues set out to find a less subjective and more numbers-based method of grass-pollen grain classification and identification.
The Rice study led by materials scientists Pulickel Ajayan and Jun Lou appears today in the online journal Nature Communications.
what the Rice lab is proposing. The researchers see potential for very large sheets of h-BN only a few atoms thick made by scalable vapor deposition methods.
Lead authors are Rice postdoctoral researcher Zheng Liu and graduate student Yongji Gong. Co-authors are Rice graduate student Lulu Ma and Senior Faculty Fellow Robert Vajtai;
Wu Zhou a Wigner Fellow and Juan carlos Idrobo a staff scientist at Oak ridge National Laboratory;
Ajayan is the Benjamin M. and Mary Greenwood Anderson Professor in Mechanical engineering and Materials Science and of chemistry at Rice.
Numerous studies have found this molecule to be required for lateral root development in plants such as tomatoes rice corn lupine and Arabidopsis.
#Genetically modified sweet corn can reduce insecticide usea new study finds that genetically-modified sweet corn is better for the environment
and safer for farm workerssince 1996 corn containing a gene that allows it to create a protein that is toxic to certain insects yet safe for human consumption has been grown in the United states
. However most of this Bt corn has been used for animal feed or processed into corn meal starch or other products.
Although varieties of sweet corn (corn on the cob) have existed since the late 1990s relatively few acres have been planted.
Due to pressure from activist groups some grocery stores have refused to carry Bt sweet corn. However a new study published in the Journal of Economic Entomology suggests that Bt sweet corn is better for the environment
because it requires fewer pesticide applications than conventional corn. Our data suggest that using Bt sweet corn will dramatically reduce the use of traditional insecticides the authors wrote.
Based on the performance of Bt field corn growers should realize increased profits and there will be less risk to nontarget organisms including natural enemies that help suppress pest densities.
The study Multi-State Trials of Bt Sweet corn Varieties for Control of the Corn earworm (Lepidoptera:
Noctuidae) analyzed the performance of Bt sweet corn comparing its rate of infestation and marketability to genetically identical varieties that lacked Bt proteins.
In 2010 and 2011 sweet corn trials were conducted in New york Minnesota Maryland Ohio and Georgia locations that differ in climate management practices and pest pressure.
The authors found that for pest management of the corn earworm Bt sweet corn consistently performed better than its non-Bt counterparts even those that were sprayed with conventional insecticides.
Across multiple states and multiple years Bt sweet corn performed better and required fewer sprays to meet market standards said Cornell entomology professor Anthony Shelton.
One of the most spectacular examples occurred in New york plots in 2010: the Bt sweet corn had 99 to 100 percent marketable ears without any sprays
and even with eight conventional insecticide sprays the non-Bt corn had only 18 percent marketable ears.
This wasn't much better than the 6 percent marketable ears produced in the plots that received no sprays at all.
The authors predict that growers could realize increased profits with Bt sweet corn because of lower inputs and higher marketability while simultaneously conserving populations of beneficial insects that keep damaging pests at bay.
The use of Bt vegetables could significantly reduce the use of conventional insecticides and in turn reduce occupational and environmental risks that arise from intensive insecticide use Shelton said.
#Salt-tolerant bacteria improve crop yieldsuzbek microbiologist Dilfuza Egamberdieva hopes to apply her new agricultural technique soon in Uzbekistan to boost the yield of economically important crops such as wheat cotton tomato and cucumber.
and ten percent of all the stored grains worldwide mainly corn wheat sorghum rice and beans. Until five years ago the main fumigation technique and pest control inside warehouses
In Mexico companies with large grain and flour warehouses already use this technology. Thanks to this technological innovations and the business plan created with the help of the Mexico-United Estates Foundation for Science (FUMEC) the Mexican enterprise that had 10 employees in 2008 today counts with 73 permanent employees and 20
temps for gathering season and grain storage. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Investigaciã n y Desarrollo.
The lab's new research has given us compounds that serve as repellents making possible safe alternatives to DEET for a variety of applications including control of mosquitoes flies and possibly lice bed bugs ants cockroaches grain pests and agricultural pests.
and Florida gama grass a source of disease resistance and other useful traits in corn that is only found in Florida and Cuba.
and quantified the amount of aflatoxins (carcinogenic) in food such as corn tortilla rice chili pepper processed sauces chicken breast
UNAM researcher analyzed 800 kilos of tortilla in Mexico city ten different kinds of chili pepper rice and corn among others.
and preferably consume wheat tortilla and fish as well as antioxidants. The research that Carvajal Moreno did in collaboration with Jaime Berumen Campos from the Genomic Medicine Unit from General Hospital of Mexico now will be focused in studying stomach esophagus
but there are actually a lot of conversations going on in that pot said study co-author Joff Silberg associate professor of biochemistry and cell biology and of bioengineering at Rice.
The study is the latest from Rice's interdisciplinary Biochar Research Group which formed in the wake of Hurricane Ike in 2008
The Rice Biochar Group won the $10000 grand prize in the city's Recycle Ike contest
since support from the National Science Foundation the Department of energy Rice's Faculty Initiative Fund Rice's Shell Center for Sustainability and Rice's Institute of Bioscience and Bioengineering.
Masiello and another member of the group Rice biologist Jennifer Rudgers (now at the University of New mexico) were investigating the combined effects of adding biochar and nutrients to soils.
and cell biology at Rice to make use of two tailored forms of E coli bacteria created by Rice graduate student Chen Ye.
Graduate student Shelly Hsiao-Ying Cheng refined Silberg's Lego design and used tools at Rice's Oshman Engineering Design Kitchen to create a set of sturdy platforms for repeated tests.
The group then ran dozens of microscopy tests with Dan Wagner Rice associate professor of biochemistry
A whole series of foods naturally contain niacin including meat liver fish peanuts mushrooms rice and wheat bran.
Gary Stacey an investigator in the MU Bond Life sciences Center and professor of plant sciences in the College of Agriculture Food and Natural resources found that crops such as corn are confused
The problem is that corn tomatoes and other crops have a different response and don't support an intimate interaction with the rhizobia
We're working to transfer this trait to other plants like corn wheat or rice
Meanwhile corn tomatoes and other crops are still trying to defend themselves against this bacteria.
In the study Stacey and Liang treated corn soybeans tomatoes and other plants to see how they responded
However soybeans corn and these other plants don't complete the extra step of forming nodules to allow the bacteria to thrive.
We need to understand grain alignment if we want to make use of polarimetry as a means of investigating interstellar magnetic fields says Lazarian who was encouraged to attack the problem by the renowned astrophysicist Lyman Spitzer.
These observations form part of a coordinated effort to--after more than 60 years--place interstellar grain alignment on a solid theoretical and observational footing.
and Hoang predicts how the molecular hydrogen thrust changes grain alignment and was put to the test by Andersson's team of observers.
because the plants used to make biofuels--including corn soybeans and sugarcane--are already pulling carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere through photosynthesis said Decicco a research professor at the U-M Energy Institute and a professor of practice at the School of Natural resources and Environment.
Corn ethanol production of 14 billion gallons supplied 4. 4 percent of total U s. transportation liquid fuel use in 2011.
However even that small share of liquid fuel supply required 45 percent of the U s. corn crop.
#Modifying rice crops to resist herbicide prompts weedy neighbors growth spurtrice containing an overactive gene that makes it resistant to a common herbicide can pass that genetic trait to weedy rice prompting powerful growth even
Biotech companies have inserted mutated forms of a similar gene from microbes into crop plants producing#oeroundup Ready#corn
But in this study the researchers used a different method boosting activation of the native epsps gene in rice plants#a process called overexpressing#to give the plants enough strength to survive an application of herbicide.
#To overexpress the native gene in rice the scientists attached a promoter to it giving the plant an extra copy of its own gene
The researchers conducted tests in rice and four strains of a relative of the same species weedy rice a noxious plant that infests rice fields around the world.
By crossing genetically altered herbicide-resistant rice with weedy rice to mimic what happens naturally in the field the researchers created crop-weed hybrids that grew larger and produced more offspring than unaltered counterparts#even without any herbicide present.
#oeour colleagues developed this novel transgenic trait in rice and we didn t know if it would have a fitness benefit
Part of the reason for caring about all of that now is that up to this point sorghum has mostly been grown for grain.
and improvements there are other value-added opportunities for sorghum grain. It's not quite as nutritious as corn
but researchers are looking at it as a way to combat obesity. They are looking at compounds that will prevent you from absorbing all the nutrition in your food in the small intestine he said.
Another gene found shows that sorghum produces a huge amount of antioxidant in the outer layer of the grain.
but very different mechanical properties depending on their grain size. For example materials with nanoscale grains can be harder and stronger than chemically identical materials with larger grains.
The idea is that this additional element would serve as a stabilizing agent migrating to the grain boundaries
and thermodynamic properties of each element into the model the model predicts the grain size of the alloy at any given temperature.
sweet corn and grain corn. The data revealed several similarities between the long-term weather in Wisconsin and Ontario.
wheat. It shows a potential for wheat yields to fall in areas north of Mount Kenya and east of Mount Elgon while increasing in a small area of the Central Rift valley and neighboring Central Province.
Partners support Climate Smart Villages to prepare farmersccafs is already working with the Kenyan government
(or corn as it is called in North america). Today in a paper appearing online in Nature Jackson
and Le Le in the Memphis Zoo are making contributions toward shifting production of biofuels away from corn
and other food crops and toward corn cobs stalks and other non-food plant material.
Ethanol made from corn is the most common alternative fuel in the U s . However it has fostered concerns that wide use of corn soybeans
and other food crops for fuel production may raise food prices or lead to shortages of food.
Brown pointed out that corn stalks corn cobs and other plant material not used for food production would be better sources of ethanol.
The scientists acknowledged funding from the Memphis Zoological Society in addition to past funding from the Mississippi Corn Promotion Board the U s. Department of energy and Southeastern Research center at Mississippi State.
and nutrient intake. UK government recommendations on weaning foods stipulate that these should be introduced gradually starting with cereals vegetables
or water breakfast cereals and finger foods such as rusks. The authors collected their information on the calorie density added salt
Spirits from various combinations of rye corn wheat malted barley and--more recent additions to the whiskey repertoire--oat and millet are added to the barrels.
Weed management in corn has become more and more difficult in recent years due to herbicide-resistant weeds.
For the past four years China has been paying farmers to grow corn instead of rice an effort that Stanford research shows is paying off for people and the environment.
Rice farming is more lucrative than corn for Chinese farmers but flooded paddies contribute to decreased water quality and quantity.
The brown smog-filled skies that engulf Beijing have earned China a poor reputation for environmental stewardship.
In the case of China's Paddy Land-to-Dry land (PLDL) program farmers are paid to convert their croplands from rice to corn a solution that reduces both water consumption and pollution.
Corn meanwhile requires much less water and fertilizer is more likely to stay in the soil.
It's amazing that in four short years the government got everyone growing rice in this area to switch to corn
Farmers earn almost six times more money growing rice than corn so the government compensated farmers with funds that more than made up the difference.
and because corn is a less time-intensive crop to grow they had more time to pursue other activities.
Even with overpaying for corn the program provides a significant net benefit. The program cost about $1330 per hectare of farmland to implement but produced $2020 per hectare of benefits calculated as the value of increased water yield and improved water quality.
and much of that land is planted in rice. An estimated 32500 ha are irrigated with wastewater in Pakistan.
#Wheat research indicates rise in mean temperature would cut yieldsany producer will tell you growing a healthy high-yielding wheat crop takes skill and hard work.
To quantify the impact of genetic improvement in wheat disease and climate change over a 26-year period a team of researchers at Kansas State university examined wheat variety yield data from Kansas performance tests along with location-specific weather and disease data.
Their results showed that from 1985 through 2011 wheat breeding programs boosted average wheat yields by 13 bushels per acre or 0. 51 bushel each year for a total increase of 26 percent.
Simulations also found that a 1 Degree celsius increase (1. 8 degrees Fahrenheit) in projected mean temperature was found to decrease wheat yields by 10.64 bushels per acre or nearly 21 percent.
Kansas wheat producers are challenged by weather pests and disease said Andrew Barkley professor of agricultural economics and lead researcher of a multi-disciplinary team that included agronomists and plant pathologists.
Fortunately the Kansas wheat breeding program produces new varieties of wheat that increase yields over time.
Given weather trends in recent years climate change is expected to increase temperatures and this is likely to lower wheat yields in Kansas Barkley said.
Diseases such as fungi and viruses can attack wheat and lower yields. This research quantifies the impact of weather diseases and new wheat varieties on yields.
So far genetic improvement has allowed wheat yields to increase significantly over time but there are challenges ahead to keep up with potential increases in temperature.
The study funded by the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station is the first to quantify all of these impacts (climate change disease
and genetic improvement) using a unique data set and state-of-the-art statistical methods Barkley said. The results update
and quantify the impact of the Kansas wheat breeding program. From Tribune in the western part of the state to Ottawa in the east and Parsons in the south to Belleville in the north the data came from 11 locations across the state.
All yield data are for dryland (non-irrigated) hard red winter wheat including 245 varieties.
Instead it shows the predicted change in Kansas wheat yields if we were to experience a 1 degree (C) increase (1. 8 degrees F) in temperature.
If the average temperature does increase this research helps us to understand the potential impact on wheat production.
#Sharing the risks/costs of biomass cropsfarmers who grow corn and soybeans can take advantage of government price support programs
Rice chemist Lon Wilson and his colleagues are inserting bismuth compounds into single-walled carbon nanotubes to make a more effective contrast agent for computed tomography (CT) scanners.
Details of the work by Wilson's Rice team and collaborators at the University of Houston st.
and lead author Eladio Rivera a former postdoctoral researcher at Rice found that the bismuth-filled nanotubes which they call Bi@US-tubes produce CT images far brighter than those from common
The Rice lab is working to double the amount of bismuth in each nanotube. Bismuth ions appear to get into the nanotubes by capillary action
ndez-Rivera former postdoctoral researcher Diana Yoon and Antonios Mikos the Louis Calder Professor of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular engineering all of Rice;
#Almost 20 percent of grain in China lost or wasted from field to forka comprehensive new review of food waste in the People's republic of china has concluded that about 19 of every 100 pounds of grain produced in the country go to waste with related losses of water for irrigation and farmland productivity.
The report appears in ACS'journal Environmental science & Technology. Junguo Liu and colleagues point out that food waste is a global problem with an estimated one-third to one-half of food produced worldwide being lost
They found that about 19 percent of rice wheat and other grain in China is lost
or wasted with consumer waste accounting for the largest portion 7 percent. The overall loss meant the waste of an estimated 177 billion cubic yards of water used to produce food grown
The Rice group of materials scientist Pulickel Ajayan reported today in Nature's online journal Scientific Reports that the supercapacitor is reliable at temperatures of up to 200 degrees Celsius (392 degrees
and a former research scientist at Rice. We found that a clay-based membrane electrolyte is a game-changing breakthrough that overcomes one of the key limitations of high-temperature operation of electrochemical energy devices Reddy said.
The Rice researchers led by Reddy and Rachel Borges solved both problems at once. First they investigated using room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILS) developed in 2009 by European and Australian researchers.
Co-authors of the paper are graduate students Marco-Tulio Rodrigues and Hemtej Gullapalli and former postdoctoral researcher Kaushik Balakrishnan all of Rice;
Ajayan is the Benjamin M. and Mary Greenwood Anderson Professor in Mechanical engineering and Materials Science and of chemistry at Rice.
and cereals) and fish with olive oil as the primary source of monounsaturated fat (MUSF) and low to moderate intake of wine as well as low intake of red meat poultry
In addition the rice blast fungus which is present in over 80 countries and has a dramatic effect both on the agricultural economy
and ecosystem health has moved now to wheat. Considered a new disease wheat blast is sharply reducing wheat yields in Brazil.
Dr Dan Bebber from the University of Exeter said: If crop pests continue to march polewards as Earth warms the combined effects of a growing world population
Sorghum is in the same family as rice (Oryza sativa) wheat (Triticum aestivumlinn) and maize (Zea mays) and it is expected to play an increasingly important role in feeding the world's growing population.
This is another significant breakthrough made by BGI on population genomics research after rice soybean and maize.
while peak water use will happen around 2025 western Kansas will see increased corn and cattle production until the year 2040.
So crews scattered barley seeds over 11000 acres dropped mulch on 800 acres closed off roads storm-proofed forest roads
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