and alcohol use health conditions during pregnancy medicationâ use (including over-the-counter remedies vitamins and folic acid supplementation) and whether the woman s residence received drinking waterâ from a public or private source.
The U s. Preventive Services Task Forcerecommends women ensure their diet includes folic acid (B9 vitamin) an essential nutrient that people need to consume through foods or supplements.
Babies born to women who have enough folic acid in their bodies before and during pregnancy have reduced a risk of major birth defects of the brain
Women of childbearing age should consume 400 to 1000 micrograms of folic acid every day the task force recommends.
Foods rich in the vitamin include spinach asparagus turnip greens lettuce beans peas and lentils and egg yolks Email Bahar Gholipourâ or follow her@alterwired. Followâ Livescienceâ@livescience Facebookâ & Google+.
Some Alaskans have rejected the idea of introducing an animal listed under the Endangered Species Act for fear that this might interfere with gas and oil development the Dispatch reported.
or could be exposed to chemicals because of their occupation some of which could find their way into the milk.
Scientists can sort out different species by looking at variations in DNA sequences that code for a molecule universal among all living cells.
#Broccoli Compound Could Prevent Radiation Sickness A byproduct of a chemical found in broccoli could prevent acute radiation poisoning new research suggests.
The compound which is derived from broccoli cabbage and other cruciferous vegetables prevents rats exposed to lethal doses of radiation from dying.
If follow-up studies show the treatment works in humans the compound could be given to people before
Past work had shown that a compound derived from broccoli called 33'-diindolylmethane (DIM) showed promise as a cancer-preventive agent possibly
When it was given prior to radiation exposure the compound also shielded rats from radiation's effects.
It's a very interesting and surprising result because of the whole body protection from radiation said Gary Firestone a molecular biologist at the University of California Berkeley who studies DIM
Clinical trials are needed to test the compound's effectiveness in humans Firestone told Livescience. Such trials should be relatively easy as DIM is approved for human use
or growing crops on marginal land that requires heavy use of chemical fertilizers that depletes soil health.
210000 Workers to Cut Carbon Pollution. The views expressed are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the publisher.
or grams of protein the workers would need to do hard labor using modern statistics. He adjusted for body size--ancient Egyptians were smaller than modern humans They needed to eat 67 grams of protein each day slightly more than
what is found in two Mcdonald's quarter pounders with cheese. If half the workers'protein came from meat each worker probably ate almost  six pounds of meat each week.
 He assumed half the protein came from meat some from Nile fish. Then he looked at the breeds of cattle found in ancient Egypt
and how much meat one could get from each animal to figure out how many animals would be required to provide the protein.
He said the 10000 workers at the site he studied in Giza consumed 105 cattle and 368 sheep or goats every 10 days.
Protein-rich food is often scarce and there are few taboos against eating nonhuman primates. New roads guns and cars also enable people to hunt gorillas
And whereas gorilla and monkey meat does provide protein for local people the fruit trees the primates maintain may be an even bigger economic benefit to people Olsson said.
Increasing fines and enforcement could help as would improving local populations'access to other protein-rich foods Lambert told Livescience.
Based on these experiments Atwater concluded that proteins and carbohydrates have about 4 calories per gram fats have 9 calories per gram
and alcohol has 7 calories per gram. These values are used still today. Their existence means food manufacturers
For example the almond study which also accounted for calories lost in feces suggested that some of the fat in whole almonds is locked away in a structure our bodies can't digest.
For proteins it's about 20 to 30 percent of the food's calories so if we eat 100 calories worth of protein we get about 80 calories from it Carmody said.
For fats it's much less about 0 to 3 percent she said. So if we eat 100 calories worth of fat we'd get 97 of those calories.
This month Carmody and colleagues will give a presentation at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Boston that will discuss ways in which to improve the system for calculating calories.
Does it really matter for waistlines? Some researchers say that on the whole theâ inaccuracies in calorie estimatesâ don't make a big difference.
Another study suggests that the satiating effect of calories could be more mental than chemical.
or a bomb calorimeter developed by The french scientist Antoine Lavoisier in 1790. A small pellet of the food being measured is placed in a device that looks like a pressure cooker.
It involves mathematical calculations of proteins carbohydrates and fats multiplied by algorithms developed by Atwater so-called Atwater factors.
 But the calculations may not give the right answer. Baer's lab for instance found this
 Baer thinks that the discrepancy happens because of the indigestible fiber in the nut cell walls traps the fat.
and showed the subjects how adding a chemical instantly turned the liquid into a solid.
 In reality they all drank the same liquid both times without any added chemical and it remained liquid inside their bodies.
because the body s chemistry reacted to the thought that it was a liquid and thus would absorb fewer calories.
#Can Folic acid Prevent Autism? Women who take folic acid supplements before becoming pregnant as well as early in pregnancy may reduce the risk of having a child with an autism spectrum disorder according to a new study.
Researchers followed 85176 babies born between 2002 and 2008 for three to 10 years to determine
whether their mother's use of folic acid supplements influenced the risk of developing an autism spectrum disorder.
The researchers focused on women who had taken folic acid supplements for 4 weeks before they became pregnant until 8 weeks after the start of the pregnancy.
Women who had taken folic acid supplements in early pregnancy had a 40 percent reduced risk of having a child with autistic disorder than did had women who not taken the supplement.
At the study's start food in Norway was fortified not with folic acid A b vitamin so supplements were the women's only source of the nutrient.)
In 2002 43 percent of the women participating in the Moba study took folic acid supplements;
However many women started taking folic acid later than recommended and only half began before they became pregnant.
Folic acid is needed A b-vitamin for DNA synthesis and repair. It helps prevent neural tube defects including spina bifida in the developing fetus.
Folate the naturally occurring form of folic acid is found in green leafy vegetables peas lentils beans eggs yeast and liver.
 In the United states grain products such as cereal bread and flour are fortified with folic acid. Since it can be hard to obtain enough folate from food the March of Dimes recommends that all women of childbearing age get 400 micrograms of folic acid daily from a multivitamin.
Pregnant women should continue taking 400 mcg of folic acid through early pregnancy. Typically the neural tube closes 28 days after conception (gestational week six) according to the study researchers
and the development of basic brain structures occurs 15 to 56 days after conception (during gestational weeks five to 10.)
The new study only shows an association between the use of folic acid supplements and a lower risk of autistic disorder.
 Taking folic acid supplements during early pregnancy may reduce risk of autistic disorder. This story was provided by Myhealthnewsdaily a sister site to Livescience.
I've been on a diet high in proteins and low in carbohydrates for several weeks now
But I didn't feel quite right eating so many high-protein dishes while avoiding carb foods such as my favorite bread.
I don't think it's safe to lean in one direction at the diningroom table. 7 Foods You Can Overdose On For most healthy people a high-protein diet generally isn't harmful
However the risks of using a high-protein diet usually with carbohydrate restriction for the long term are still being studied.
if a high-protein diet is followed for an extended time. Here are some problems that can happen to people on a high-protein diet:
Some high-protein diets don't provide enough fiber. This can cause constipation and intestinal inflammation. This may also increase the risk for cancer.
Many of these diets include a lot of red meat and fat which can increase your risk of heart disease.
A protein-packed diet may cause liver or kidney problems. If you want to follow a high-protein diet do so only as a short-term weight-loss aid.
Also choose your protein wisely Zeratsky wrote on the Mayo Clinic website. She recommended eating fish skinless chicken lean beef pork and low-fat dairy products and carbohydrates that are high in fiber such as whole grains vegetables and fruit.
People with kidney disease liver disease or diabetes and those taking medication for a chronic health condition should talk to their doctor before starting a high-protein diet Zeratsky said.
The American Heart Association doesn't recommend high-protein diets for weight loss because people who stay on these diets very long may not get enough vitamins
and minerals and face other potential health risks according to the organization's website. The AHA also asserts that more research is needed on the effectiveness of these diets for long-term weight loss.
Most Americans already eat more protein than their bodies need. The AHA urges dieting adults to eat no more than 35 percent of total daily calories from fat less than 7 percent of total daily calories from saturated fat and less than 1 percent of total
daily calories from trans fat. Trans fat raises your bad (LDL) cholesterol and lowers your good (HDL) cholesterol.
On most high-protein diets meeting these AHA goals is impossible. The American Heart Association urges people to use safe and proven methods for losing
and maintaining weight. Dieters should pay attention to calories and enjoy healthy nutritionally balanced meals. The AHA says a healthy diet includes a variety of foods
In my next column I'll detail the role of protein in the body. If you would like to read more columns you can order a copy of oehow To Be A Healthy Geezer at www. healthygeezer. com. All rights reserved  2013 by Fred Cicett e
percent of global human-induced greenhouse-gas emissions confirming that the farm-animal sector is a top contributor to one of the most pressing environmental problems of our time.
According to a study from 2008 in the United states an average household shifting from a red meat and dairy diet to one based on vegetables just one day per week would reduce greenhouse-gas emissions equivalent to the people
The source then was an ingredient maker in China that added melamine an inedible compound used in plastics into pet food.
Carrots are a good source of Vitamin a which helps maintain eyesight. But carrots do not actually improve vision
Along with other gases like methane and nitrous oxide CO2 acts like a blanket absorbing IR radiation and preventing it from leaving the atmosphere.
There are several gases in Earth's atmosphere known as greenhouse gases because they exacerbate the greenhouse effect:
CFCS also function as greenhouse gases. Not all greenhouse gases are the same: Some like methane are produced through agricultural practices including livestock manure management.
Others like CO2 largely result from natural processes like respiration and from the burning of fossil fuels.
Additionally these greenhouses gases don't all contribute equally to the greenhouse effect: Methane for example is about 21 times more effective at trapping heat from IR radiation than carbon dioxide according to the EPA.
This difference in heat-trapping ability is referred sometimes to as a gas's global-warming potential or GWP.
If celebrity endorsement of foods high in fat and sugar continues and their appearances in other contexts leads to unhealthy eating then this would mean that the more prominent the celebrity the more detrimental the effects on children's diets the researchers wrote in their study
Gluten is a protein found in foods processed from wheat and other grains. Exposure to gluten damages the lining of the small intestine interfering with the absorption of nutrients from food and often causing abdominal pain.
For women untreated celiac disease can lead to infertility and miscarriage as well as other reproductive issues because of the malabsorption of calcium and Vitamin d.
and the flavorful compounds within the fruit become diluted resulting in a bland final product.
Cesium isotopes have longer half-lives (cesium-137 has a half-life of 30 years) and are a concern for years after their release into the environment.
and food particles that team up with bacteria to form plaque. Plaque produces acid that damages tooth enamel causes cavities and sets the stage for periodontal or gum disease.
 Compounds called polyphenols found in black and green teas slow the growth of bacteria associated with cavities and gum disease.
Polyphenols suppress the genes of bacteria that control the production of smelly compounds in the mouth Wu said.
Some compounds in raisins also affect the growth of bacteria associated with gum disease Wu has found.
Vitamin-rich foods: Foods containing calcium such as cheese almonds and leafy greens and foods high in phosphorous such as meat eggs and fish can help keep tooth enamel strong and healthy according to the American Dental Association.
That's because menthol the chemical responsible for the minty-fresh flavor of some types of gum makes fruits
The chemical change is the same reason why when you brush your teeth and then drink orange juice it tastes bad said study co-author Christine Swoboda a doctoral candidate in nutrition at Ohio State university.
In January a chemical accident leaked benzene a known cancer-causing agent into a tributary of the Huangpu River (where the dead pigs were discovered.
In February of this year a report from China's environment ministry noted that chemicals
or chicken tofu is a main source of protein for the Chinese. Tea is the beverage of choice.
A diet rich in saturated fat being overweight and not having much or any physical activity are all things that exacerbate bad cholesterol levels that narrow
By losing weight eating foods that are low in saturated fats eliminating trans fats eating whole grains fruits vegetables
In general the Western region of the United states was getting hotter and drier during the same period suggesting that the climatic changes associated with greenhouse-gas emissions are likely one of the culprits in worsening wildfires.
and scale back emissions of greenhouse gases primarily carbon dioxide. It seems like we're just charging ahead burning any
The aim in limiting greenhouse gas emissions should be to keep Earth's climate as close as possible to
So far some 370 gigatons of carbon (Gtc) have been emitted into the atmosphere over the span of the industrial era.
and if some amount of carbon is drawn down into the biosphere and soil through efforts like reforestation and more efficient agriculture.
To Cut Carbon A Decade Is Too Long to Wait (Op-Ed) Even with immediate aggressive reductions Hansen said it was likely that by the end of the century temperatures would pass the 1-degree mark
Sachs Hansen and their co-authors advocate a carbon tax to limit emissions. Not only would such a carbon tax be relatively easy to scale to a global system
but it would also take the health and environmental effects of fossil fuels into account putting clean energy from wind to nuclear on an equal footing.
In the same vein the choice of using a carbon tax over other possible tools to reduce emissions was a matter of judgment about political goals he added.
and scale of the problem of beginning meaningful cuts to greenhouse gases Hansen and Sachs remain optimistic that humanity can solve the problem.
The government has set a goal of making the country carbon neutral by 2021 Much of its electricity already comes from clean sources like hydro-geothermal
Last year Coopedota a Costa rican coffee cooperative produced the world's first crop of carbon-neutral coffee
The country produces just a few-hundredths-of-a-percent of global carbon pollution. The rest of the world including the United states needs to take strong action not merely to adapt to the changes that are already upon us
but to reduce carbon emissions now. The IPCC draft maintains that it's not too late for emissions cuts to change the planet's climate course
And many states by improving energy efficiency and shifting to clean energy are already moving into position to meet upcoming limits on carbon pollution from existing power plants
limits on carbon pollution from power plants. Urge the EPA to support strong limits on carbon pollution.
Because Costa rica no matter how much coffee it makes (or does not make) cannot wake up the world on its own.
#Cold Temperatures and Chili peppers Help Burn Fat What do low temperatures and chili peppers have in common? They both could help burn fat a new study shows.
Exposure to cold and consumption of chemicals found in chili peppers both appear to increase the number and activity of so-called brown fat cells
which burn energy rather than store it as typical white fat cells do said Takeshi Yoneshiro a researcher at Hokkaido University Graduate school of Medicine in Japan.
The study is the first to show that brown fat activity can be induced in people who appeared to have very few
Participants in the study who were exposed to cold also had less bad white fat at the end of the experiments Rosen told Livescience.
Yoneshiro said the experiment might not have continued for long enough to see white-fat-burning effects of the compounds.
because it suggests chemicals that induce brown fat could be used to fight obesity although they'd probably work better at keeping healthy people from becoming fat rather than making obese people skinny Nedergaard said.
#Cold war Nuclear Radiation Creates Anti-Poaching Tool (ISNS)--Radioactive carbon atoms created during 20th-century nuclear bomb tests could help save elephants
and other endangered species. A new study published in this week's issue of the journal of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences shows that carbon-14 a radioactive version of the common carbon atom can be used to determine
Nuclear bomb testing Carbon-14 is produced naturally by cosmic rays interacting with atoms in the Earth's atmosphere.
But in the 1950s and 1960s the United states and the former Soviet union conducted hundreds of aboveground nuclear bomb tests that nearly doubled the concentration of carbon-14 in the atmosphere.
and since then the concentration of carbon-14 has been steadily declining as natural processes remove it from the atmosphere.
and animals in the food chain absorb the carbon atoms explained study coauthor Thure Cerling a geochemist at the University of Utah.
An atomic time marker Scientists figured out long ago that by measuring the concentration of carbon-14 in tissue
and comparing it to recorded levels of atmospheric carbon-14 they could determine when that tissue formed.
The margin of error for the most recent years will increase as the carbon-14 concentration returns to their natural background levels.
or bone because those tissues continue to incorporate carbon over time Uno explained. What you really want is tissue that locks in the carbon as it grows
and is touched never again. That's why hair and horn and teeth and tusks are such good targets
Currently the radiocarbon test costs about $500 and takes about one month to complete. Uno estimates the technique should work for dating new tissue for the next 15 years or so by
which time carbon-14 is expected to drop to natural levels. In addition to helping combat poaching Cerling
what the animal was eating by adding data from stable carbon isotopes. Potential uses Samuel Wasser a conservation biologist at the University of Washington who did not participate in the study said the new study is a very important development
and reduced carbon emissions within Coca-cola's manufacturing operations and advanced more-sustainable agriculture. Saving the Planet is Good Business (Op-Ed After six years the outcomes of our efforts are encouraging.
In fact physicists have been able to send tiny particles called muons which are similar to electrons forward in time by manipulating the gravity around them.
</p><p>Ordinary matter atoms fall down due to the pull of gravity but the same might not be true of antimatter
Scientists wondered whether antimatter atoms would instead fall up when pulled by gravity and whether such a thing as antigravity exists.</
Ancient Mars Could Have supported Primitive Life NASA Says</a p><p></p><p>A newfound particle discovered at the world's largest atom smasher last year is indeed a Higgs boson the particle thought to explain how other
particles get their mass scientists reported today (March 14) at the annual Rencontres de Moriond conference in Italy.</
The Higgs is referred sometimes to as the God particle to the chagrin of many scientists who prefer its official name.</
<a href=http://www. livescience. com/27888-newfound-particle-is-higgs. html target=blank>Confirmed!
Newfound Particle Is a Higgs Boson</a p><p></p><p>A medieval headstone and skeleton have been found underneath a parking lot in Scotland
Plant Canoodling Is Weird Without Gravity</a p><p></p><p>Scientists have identified tentatively several particles lurking deep inside the Earth's mantle that could reveal how much heat the planet produces
and confirm that the Earth formed from materials from the sun.</p><p>The wacky particles are called geoneutrinos or the antimatter partners of neutrinos (exotic fundamental particles that can pass right through Earth) that form deep within the Earth
Every matter particle has an antimatter partner particle that has an opposite charge and when the two meet they annihilate each other.
<a href=http://www. livescience. com/27835-particles-reveal-earth-thermal-history. html target=blank>Wow!
The avocado eaters also had higher intakes of total fat monounsaturated fat polyunsaturated fat dietary fiber Vitamin e magnesium potassium and Vitamin k along with a lower intake of carbohydrates.
Avocados are rich in monounsaturated fat which has been associated with a lower risk of heart disease. Previous research elsewhere has found an estimated 19 percent reduction in the risk of coronary disease
when the intake of monounsaturated fat is increased by 5 percent the current researchers wrote. Â Avocado eaters also fared well in the weight department.
When researchers do this they also remove proteins that are essential to help cells divide Lanza said.
because the embryo that is ultimately created is able to make these proteins again. But primates aren't able to do this
which means that a molecular process known as imprinting does not occur properly in cloned embryos Lanza said.
and it also becomes incapable of safely storing carbon dioxide meaning more CO2 a greenhouse gas gets released back into the atmosphere.
Motility is actually a really important factor in infection said Nathalie Tufenkji a chemical engineer at Mcgill University.
what the compounds in cranberries did to certain bacteria's gene expression. They took E coli that had been isolated from the urinary tract
This work is very interesting said Terri A. Camesano a chemical engineer at Worcester Polytechnic institute in Massachusetts.
The sea walnut genome contained 16548 protein coding genes 44%of which shared homology-a type of ancestry-with non-Ctenophores.
Nuts are rich in vitamins minerals unsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants and are a source of protein. But nuts are also high in calories
so people should be careful not to eat too many. The American Heart Association recommends eating four 1. 5-ounce (about a handful) servings of unsalted unoiled nuts per week
While van Manen declined to give specifics about the results until they are published he said there are no major indications that body fat as a percentage of bear weight is declining This could with further study suggest that the food source isn't the explanation.
Sending their roots down into bare soil cover crops can increase soil carbon provide slow-release nitrogen
Only this year did agricultural biotech company Monsanto introduce its first drought-tolerant seed variety Droughtgard.
According to the Monsanto website the variety has produced a five-bushel (or about 4 percent) yield advantage in field tests against competitor hybrids.
Trees absorb greenhouse gases and carbon emissions. They produce oxygen and perpetuate the water cycle by releasing water vapor into the atmosphere.
Effects of deforestation Forests are complex ecosystems that are important to the carbon and water cycles that sustain life on earth.
Carbon Emissions: Healthy forests help absorb greenhouse gasses and carbon emissions that are caused by human civilization
and contribute to global climate change. Without trees more carbon and greenhouse gasses enter the atmosphere.
To make matters worse trees actually become carbon sources when they are cut burned or otherwise removed. oetropical forests hold more than 210 gigatons of carbon and deforestation represents around 15 percent of greenhouse gas emissions according to the WWF.
Water Cycle: Trees play an important part in the water cycle grounding the water in their roots
and releasing it into the atmosphere. In the Amazon more than half the water in the ecosystem is held within the plants.
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