Synopsis: Chemistry & chemical compounds:

s because the electrons that spin around the nucleus of a mercury atom have just weak links

or bonds with other mercury atoms at room temperature keeping the metal in a liquid state according to the Discovery Channel.</

The giant insect forces gas through tiny breathing pores called spiracles on its thorax and abdomen.

Here's a look at three common sleep problems that have been linked to vitamin or mineral deficiencies:

There is a strong correlation between excessive daytime sleepiness and Vitamin d deficiency a 2012 study in the Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine found.

The sun's rays are the best source for this vitamin but not everyone can get the necessary sun exposure due to climate or skin cancer concerns.

There are a few food sources of Vitamin d such as swordfish salmon tuna and fortified foods but this is one case where

It's not likely that you would get enough of the sunshine vitamin from food alone.

but it contains less protein fiber calcium folate and Vitamin k per calorie than its pricier counterpart romaine.

but potatoes are extremely rich in potassium fiber Vitamin c and magnesium. And they're cheap too!

Compounds in cranberries called proanthocyanidins prevent E coli bacteria which are a common cause of UTIS from adhering to the urinary tract according to a 2001 in the journal Urology as well as a 2000 study in the journal Nutrition.

In fact researchers who compared many common fruits found that the cranberry contained the highest quantity of disease-fighting phenols according to a 2001 study in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.

and they also contain protein and omega-3 fatty acids. A 2005 study of rats in the journal Nutrition Research found that chia seed diets dramatically decreased triglyceride levels and increased HDL (good cholesterol) levels.

This quick-cooking ancient grain contains about 13 percent protein by weight is high in Vitamin b6

and folate and is gluten free. Amaranth a great substitute for rice pasta or potatoes to boost the nutritional profile of any meal.

It's actually found in the skin of red grapes along with other nutrients such as minerals manganese and potassium and vitamins K c and B1.

Peanut butter is a great source of niacin and manganese. Dark Chocolate: In dark chocolate resveratrol blends nicely with other antioxidants and also minerals such as iron copper and manganese.

but they are also a great source of other antioxidants dietary fiber vitamins C and K and manganese.

Just one cup of cooked mashed pumpkin will deliver more than 200 percent of your recommended daily intake of Vitamin a.

and the body converts beta carotene to Vitamin a. A 2007 study in the Journal of Medicinal Food suggested that eating pumpkin may help control glucose levels

Just one cup of this cruciferous vegetable contains nearly 200 percent of your recommended daily intake of Vitamin k

and over 100 percent of your daily value of Vitamin c. This food is also rich in manganese fiber

and B vitamins including folate. Cabbage: Cabbage is so much more than just the main ingredient in coleslaw.

and it's a great source of Vitamin c. 6 Easy Ways to Eat More Fruits and Vegetables Kale:

and vitamins A and C. Kale has zero fat and it's loaded with antioxidants.

For example proteins break down into amino acids and starches break down into carbohydrates. You can sprout legumes oats wheat broccoli alfalfa and many other seeds. 9 Snack foods:

As a nutrition consultant I know that words such as low fat high fiber multigrain oegluten free

Reduced-fat peanut butter The oil is the healthiest part of a peanut or a tree nut containing most of the nutrients so there's no advantage to taking it out.

Reduced-fat peanut butter has as many calories and more sugar than the regular variety said Bonnie Liebman nutrition director for the Center for Science in the Public interest.

Drinks such asvitaminwater are essentially sugary drinks combined with a vitamin pill. They are unequivocally harmful to health says Walter Willett professor of epidemiology and nutrition at Harvard s School of Public health.

Whether vitamins dissolved in water have any benefit will depend on who you are and whether you are already getting enough vitamins Some people may be getting too much of some vitamins

and minerals if they add vitamin water on top of fortified foods and other supplements. A recent Iowa Women's Health Study found an association between certain commonly used vitamin and mineral supplements and increased death rates.

But the worst offenders in this category areenergy drinkssuch as Red Bull Sobe Life Water and Monster Drinks.

They're not only high in sugar but most also contain stimulants which may be harmful especially for people with medical conditions like high blood pressure.

And don't try to get vitamins from solely your beverages. No supplement matches the nutrients in whole foods such as fruits vegetables nuts and whole grains.

candy bars with vitamins protein or fiber added. For most of them sugar is either the first (predominant) or second ingredient.

Non-fried chips and crackers It's easy to believe these foods are healthful because of labels such as baked low fat or gluten free.

Now that trans fats have been removed from most cooking oils the healthiest part of potato chips is the fat Willett says.

Researchers have blamed the record rainfall of 2013 on the outbreak which could have changed seawater chemistry

We evolved to crave sugar starch and fat. We evolved to be physically active but we also evolved to be said lazy Lieberman who discussed the consequences of living with a Stone age body in a Space age world.

Humans crave high-energy foods like fats and carbohydrates because such food was hard to come by in the Stone age

With increasing scientific evidence that inactivity and sugar-and fat-rich diets lead to health problems people can use the big brains they inherited to make smart lifestyle decisions

</p><p>Estrogen in the fat of dairy products may fuel cancers that are related hormone including cancers of the breast

this hormone is soluble in fat so it is found in higher concentrations in high-fat dairy than in lower-fat options such as skim milk.

Some types of breast cancer have estrogen receptors and are fueled by estrogen.</</p><p>Green tea may help breast cancer patients fare better in the disease progression studies have suggested.</

Chemicals in green tea called polyphenols appear to inhibit proteins that promote tumor cell growth and migration according to experimental studies in animals.</

</p><p>A diet rich on folate and folic acid which are forms of A b vitamin may be beneficial

</p><p>A study on postmenopausal women found that those who took a lot of folate supplements were 22 percent less likely to have compared breast cancer with those with very low folate intake. &nbsp;</

</p><p>Folate may be protective particularly against estrogen-receptor-negative types of breast cancer the researchers concluded in their article published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition in December 2008.</

whether<a href=http://www. livescience. com/health/protein-supplements-100202. html>soy</a>products could be harmful for patients. &nbsp;

</p><p>These seeds contain high amounts of plant estrogen-like compounds.</</p><p>A study of nearly 3000 breast cancer patients and 5000 women without the disease suggested that higher consumption of these seeds as well as soybeans reduced the risk of breast cancer after menopause.

Beef in particular is not a very sustainable food to eat said Jamais Cascio a distinguished fellow at the Institute for the Future a think tank in Palo alto Calif. According to Cascio's calculation the greenhouse gas emissions generated by the production of cheeseburgers in the United states

Wheat is a good source of fiber vitamins and minerals said Joanne Slavin nutrition professor at the University of Minnesota.

She added that the confusion about gluten a protein has caused some people to avoid eating wheat and other grains.

and other symptoms including the ability to fully absorb vitamins. One reason wheat-free or gluten-free diets are popular is that people who don't eat wheat often end up bypassing excess calories in sweets and snack foods.

and while eggs are high in cholesterol (184 milligrams in the yolk) they're relatively low in saturated fat about 1. 6 grams in the yolk.

and heart-disease rates in part because they eat a diet low in saturated fat. In contrast Americans eat eggs alongside sausage bacon

Potatoes are a great source of potassium Vitamin c and fiber that many cultures Scandinavians Russians Irish and Peruvians relied on as a nutritious staple for centuries.

when compared with refined sugar or flour products. Several health organizations including the U s. Department of health and human services and the U s. Department of agriculture (USDA)( via the U s. Dietary Guidelines) the National Cancer Institute and the American Heart Association recommend Americans eat at least five cups of fruits and vegetables a day because of their superior health

which reduce blood clotting inflammation and oxidation. The key is to drink alcohol moderately and with meals.

or trans fat and it's eaten in moderation it isn't less healthy. In fact fat-soluble vitamins A d E and K;

and heart-healthy cancer-preventive carotenoids such as beta-carotene (found in carrots and sweet potatoes) lycopene (found in tomatoes)

The consumption of certain fats such as saturated fatty acids and trans fatty acids fats that are solid at room temperature is associated with an...

On the other hand the unsaturated fats monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids e g. canola safflower and olive oils have significant metabolic benefits

As if to underscore that claim a group of students from Mcgill University in Montreal has won the 2013 Hult Prize for producing a protein-rich flour made from insects.

The grasshoppers are known as rich sources of protein; some claim that the insects are more than 70 percent protein.

Researchers have noted that the gathering of Sphenarium grasshoppers is an attractive alternative to spraying pesticides in fields of alfalfa and other crops.

Termites generally consist of up to 38 percent protein and one particular Venezuelan species Syntermes aculeosus is 64 percent protein.

Termites are also rich in iron calcium essential fatty acids and amino acids such as tryptophan. African palm weevil A delicacy among many African tribes the palm weevil (Rhychophorus phoenicis) is collected off the trunks of palm trees.

because their bodies are full of fats though they're also eaten raw. A 2011 report from the Journal of Insect Science found that the African palm weevil is an excellent source of several nutrients such as potassium zinc iron and phosphorous as well as several amino acids and healthy

The insects are a rich source of important nutrients including protein iron potassium and phosphorus. Because stink bugs release a noxious scent they are eaten not usually raw

Mealworms are also comparable to beef in terms of protein content but have a greater number of healthy polyunsaturated fats.

Follow Marc Lallanilla on Twitter and Google+.+Follow us@livescience Facebook & Google+.+Original article on Livescience v

compounds derived from these plants have been used to create many medicines including the antimalarial drug quinine originally found in the Amazon's cinchona tree.

and in other spots before they are discovered even. 4. Reduce greenhouse gases and limit climate change Humans are a gassy bunch burning fossil fuels

and other heat-trapping gases in the atmosphere. Many climate scientists have estimated that the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere must be limited to 350 parts per million (ppm) to avoid the worst effects of a human-altered climate such as warmer temperatures more frequent heat waves

For example copper compounds burn blue strontium compounds let off a crimson hue and sodium blazes a bright yellow.

The chemicals are very reactive and sometimes dangerous. Being a firework designer usually requires a master's degree

or Ph d. in chemistry Space psychologist No a space psychologist isn't a job for someone who studies the minds of hoarders.

which yeast or bacteria convert sugars to acids gases or alcohol. Fermentation scientists or zymologists study how these microorganisms can be used in fermentation processes such as beer brewing.

Panel moderator Fred Kaufman an economic journalist noted that this issue is being tried in a case currently before the U s. Supreme court. A farmer is challenging the company Monsanto's right to prevent farmers from planting seeds from crops grown from its genetically modified soybeans.

It converts its restaurants'fryer fat into biodiesel fuel for the mall's security vehicles according to the site's MOABLOG.

The three sodas contain a small amount of Vitamin e which is considered an antioxidant ut according to the lawsuit pictures of fruit on the labels gave the impression that the antioxidants might have come from fruit

In addition the Food and Drug Administration prohibits manufacturers from adding vitamins to carbonated soft drinks. Dr pepper Snapple Group which makes 7up has agreed now to stop fortifying its products with vitamins

and will not label its products as containing antioxidants CSPI says. Soda is not a health food

</strong>Because of the high protein content of the eggs &quot; this meal keeps me energized for about four hours. &quot;<

Also I get a good hit of folic acid from the spinach (great for brain health) and fiber

while still getting a healthy dose of high-quality protein to balance out the meal. Milk is also a fantastic source of calcium Vitamin d and potassium. &quot;</

</p><p><strong>Who:</</strong>Heather Mangieri a nutrition consultant and spokeswoman for the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.<

and broccoli gives me Vitamin c and a little calcium plus a boost of fiber. &quot;</

Popping it in a nonstick pan allows you to use less oil and therefore less fat and calories.

Eggs are an easy and affordable source of high-quality protein and a variety of other high-quality nutrients.

Just as meals should be balanced with a healthy carbohydrate a lean protein and a bit of fat a mini-meal should look the same just in a smaller size. &quot;</

</p><p><strong>Who:</</strong>Deborah Enos a certified nutritionist and a health coach in the Seattle area.<

Beans are high in protein and fiber and they are also a good source of magnesium.

Tilapia is a great source of protein and the almond crust not only provides a healthy dose of healthy fats

but also gives great texture to the fish. Sweet potatoes provide several key nutrients including beta-carotene Vitamin c fiber and potassium.

They also offer 30 percent of our daily allowance for Vitamin c are loaded with beta-carotene (a powerful antioxidant)

and have more fiber than oatmeal if eaten with the skin. Broccoli is a low-calorie vegetable that it is rich in dietary fiber minerals vitamins and antioxidants.

Most importantly I eat these foods because they taste great and they make me feel great. &quot;</

or the reindeer as the hallucinogenic compounds are excreted this way without some of the harmful chemicals present in the fungi

or testicular self-exam and taking folic acid during pregnancy getting healthier may take less time than you think.</

</p><p>When removing your shoes becomes part of your daily routine it prevents everything from dirt and rocks to lawn chemicals and potential allergens from entering your house.</

and food particles trapped in the tongue and freshens your breath.</</p><p>Be careful though if you&#39;

In order to meet CSPI's standards kids'meals cannot have more than 430 calories (including no more than 35 percent of calories from fat and 10 percent of calories from saturated and trans fats) 35 percent added sugars

at least a half-serving of fruit or vegetables an item made from at least 51 percent whole grains or a specified level of vitamins or fiber.

A chemical signature in the lava flows links them to a massive volcanic field in Canada.

But even though the two volcanoes had erupted at about the same time in the past their chemistry was wildly different.

Lava chemistry holds forensic clues that reveal what was happening in Earth's crust and mantle when the magma formed.

The unusual chemistry sent Karl and her collaborators hunting for more rocks to test. This meant days-long backpacking trips into remote wilderness or submersible dives to underwater volcanoes.

Not only did they find the same unique chemical signature at other sites the team stumbled upon new volcanoes overlooked by earlier mappers.

The matching chemistry also hints that magma in both regions comes from a similar mantle source.

and some researchers suspect gas from the volcano may have suffocated residents. Karl notes that an earthquake on the Fairweather Fault a major offshore strike-slip fault presents a greater risk than a volcanic eruption.

 Ancient Egypt One of the first known ways of detecting a pregnancy comes from an ancient Egyptian document estimated to be from 1350 B c. 11 Big Fat Pregnancy Myths The papyrus document suggests a woman urinate on wheat

Since alcohol can react with the proteins in urine this test might have been successful if analyzed by someone who knew what color-related changes to look for.

or hcg that's found only in pregnant women marking the first time a single compound was discovered that could indicate pregnancy status. To determine the presence of hcg a sample of the woman's urine was injected into an immature female mouse frog or rabbit.

and an assortment of compounds including sheep's blood. Used correctly the e. p. t. was 97 percent accurate for positive results and 80 percent accurate for negative results.

See Images of the Buggy Treats Healthy option Insects are chock-full of protein and nutrients such as iron and magnesium and unlike beef or pork most bugs require little energy water or space to raise.

We've found that terrestrial carbon is respired and basically turned into carbon dioxide as it travels down the river.

A compound called lignin forms the main part of a tree's woody tissue and is the second most common component of terrestrial plants the researchers said.

In fact only 5 percent of the Amazon rain forest's plant-based carbon ends up reaching the ocean the researchers said.

The carbon cycle While these findings have important implications for global carbon models they also shed light on the ecology of the Amazon as well as other river ecosystems.

We're thinking that as rain falls over the land it's taking with it these lignin compounds

and protein intake with average scores in the 80s but generally ate far too little whole grains greens and beans with average scores ranging from 14 to 18.

and poultry and decreasing the intake of sodium (salt) and empty calories from solid fats

Since there are no reliable fossil records for carpenter bees the researchers used a technique called molecular phylogenetics.

But Ascher who wasn't involved in the current research said studies that use molecular phylogenetics tend to be speculative in their reliance on unrealistic and insufficiently justified evolutionary models.

Lister used data that looked for specific chemical signatures in the fossilized teeth of ancient elephants in east Africa.

and form chemical traces of food and water become locked into the enamel which enable paleontologists to determine the diets of extinct animals.

Carbon isotope dating revealed the cave had been used in the Mesolithic period between 9210 and 8340 B c

Separately the researchers also analyzed carbon and nitrogen isotopes or variants of the same elements with different molecular weights.

Because different foods contain different ratios of heavy and light isotopes the team was able to pinpoint the diets of the ancient people.

Isotope analysis also revealed the latter group subsisted on a diet of mainly freshwater fish while the farmers ate more domesticated animals.

maternal genetic makeup of Europe was mostly in place by about 3500 years ago study co-author Wolfgang Haak a molecular archaeologist at the University of Adelaide in Australia wrote in an email.

when the glacier was said advancing Connor basing the date on radiocarbon ages of the newly revealed wood.

We address a longstanding debate in archaeology that has implications beyond northern Germany researcher Almut Nebel a molecular geneticist at Christian-Albrechts University told Livescience.

To learn more about these potentially medicinal tablets researchers investigated the chemical mineralogical and botanical composition of fragments of a broken tablet.

In archaeology the discovery of ancient medicines is very rare as is knowledge of their chemical composition the researchers wrote.

The tablets also contained starch pine resin beeswax and a mix of plant-and animal-derived fats perhaps including olive oil.

 Interestingly previous studies that used information from this same group of people found a link between consumption of Vitamin e and a lower risk of dementia and between consumption of Vitamin c and a lower risk of stroke.

Both vitamins are types of antioxidants. While the new study looked at total antioxidant levels regardless of the food source it may be that the kind of food providing the antioxidants matters said study researcher Elizabeth Devore of the Harvard Medical school in Boston.

Whether or not your dog vomits immediately take it to the vet's office where additional treatments may include activated charcoal to absorb the toxin IV fluid treatment and dialysis.

and Cornelius Barry of Michigan State university and Eran Pichersky of the University of Michigan recently determined how cultivated and wild varieties of tomatoes manufacture their protective chemical barrier:

The researchers obtained these results by applying a combination of high-tech gene sequencing techniques and analytical chemistry to a collection of hand-picked wild tomato relatives from the Andes mountains.

They found that wild tomatoes in northern locales lacked the ability to make defensive compounds

while varieties in southern regions continued to pump out the chemical barrier. In the north the enzyme is produced not

when Jeff Kennett wanted to move the Coode Island Chemical storage facility southwest to Point Cook

Northern lights Dazzle in Night-Sky Images Particles that get discharged from the sun during such geomagnetic storms zip toward Earth at breakneck speed.

As the particles slam into Earth's magnetic field they bump into atoms and molecules of oxygen nitrogen and other elements.

Dazzling light shows with hues most commonly of pink green yellow blue violet and occasionally orange and white depending on what elements the particles collide with. 2. Animals respond testes swell Living things respond to the light

The results show that women who ate high amounts of compounds called anthocyanins most commonly through eating strawberries

and blueberries were 32 percent less likely to have a heart attack over a two-decade period compared with women who consumed low amounts of the compounds.

Their Own Honey Honey contains chemicals that could help bees ward off parasites and protect them from pesticide damage new research suggests.

The findings published today (April 29) in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences suggest that the immune-boosting chemicals in honey could be a solution to colony-collapse disorder

and her colleagues identified several chemicals in honey that could play a role in helping bees fight parasites and pesticides.

The researchers then took those chemicals added them to bee candy a combination of sucrose and powdered sugar and fed them to 15 worker bees.

Another group got bee candy without any special compounds added. The team then dissected the mid-gut

Bee immunity The bees that ate the honey chemicals showed activation in genes that are known to help bees fight parasites

One particular chemical p-Coumaric acid in particular was tied to the gene activation. The findings suggest that honey isn't just providing bees with a quick source of fast food

But scientists should try supplementing the corn syrup with these compounds and hoping that replaces the good stuff in the honey Evans told Livescience.

This produced a massive flux of photons near the visible range (typical of excited atoms) that filled the early universe.

This re-ionization is the fingerprint of the first stars and can be seen in the spectral signatures of quasars in the polarization of the CMB and in the 21-centimeter emission line of hydrogen.</

</p><p></p><p>The presence of Carbon-12 in ancient rocks suggests that life began On earth about 3. 8 billion years ago.

This means that DNA or some precursor molecule had assembled and could begin its relentless self-replication that drove the evolution of life.

But how did such a fragile and complex molecule assemble?</</p><p>Organic molecules have now been seen throughout the universe.

They can be found in the spectral signatures of stars and gas clouds and the Murchison<a href=http://www. space. com/23164-supernova-explosion-seeded-solar-system-meteorites. html target=blank>meteorite</a>that fell to Earth in 1969 contained

92 different amino acids most never seen On earth. However it s a giant leap from amino acids to a living organism with a metabolic system that provides energy

and a genetic system that stores information directs the construction of proteins regulates every function of the organism

Or maybe it was just the chance sloshing together of molecules that was bound to happen somewhere.

and the chloroplasts in plant cells were once individual organisms before they were engulfed to become Eukaryotic organelles.

of which are greenhouse gases that trap heat in the atmosphere and thereby help raise global temperatures.

And if wildfires occur more frequently across the globe they will emit more greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.

In fact these instruments may measure the individual tree heights leaf area and leaf chemistry of 15 million trees in a single flyover.

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