Eliminating carbon would have such a negative economic effect that even a bubble-headed columnist in New york city will notice a personal drop in standard of living.
You're too worried about your carbon foot print. And who cares? My SUV and the pollution of U s is compared nothing to the pollution output of Africa China Russia India
or a newspaper you are sequestering carbon. Ever time a hose is bulldozed and dumped in a landfill your sequestering carbon.
Old growth forests are not the source for these products wood is most commonly a farmed product. www. popsci. com/science/article/2013-04/solar-panels-now-make-more-electricity-they-use@adaptation. It was my understanding that solar panels only pay themselves off in a short period of time
As far as AGW proponents are concerned that means extra carbon burned in order to produce this non-carbon energy source.
After 30+years of this stuff the solar panels are just starting to break even on that front.
and Atmospheric Carbon Dioxidehttp://www. sciencedaily. com/releases/2013/04/130422154919. htmthese are opinion pieces not data sites.
We pump Billions of tons of carbon into the air annually and you don't think that'll have an effect?
The difference between the two is a simple change in the hydrogen bonds that form the molecules.
The enzyme cascade enabled the cellulose molecules to reconfigure into amylose which is a form of starch.
Trees draw ground water up through specialized tubes called xylem relying on intermolecular forces between water molecules
and themselves and water molecules and the sides of the tubes to create a single column of unbroken water in each xylem tube.
which included halogenated solvents chlorinated compounds volatile organics and heavy metals. His neighbor Dayton Hopkins was even more eager:
You don't seem to realize that there are only TWO events in all of history that actually spread any significant amount of radioactive particles into the atmosphere from nuclear reactors-Chernobyl
By contrast coal-fired power plants release higher quantities of radioactive isotopes directly into the atmosphere than even the oldest nuclear reactors ever did.
Radioactive particles especially Plutonium Strontium and Cesium are bioaccumulative extremely persistent and highly toxic. They travel long distances
and the nuke plants that create those isotopes or the ones that were built specifically for safer power generation
Such synthetic virus-like particles could go into a foot -and-mouth vaccine that's cheaper to make
Still it sounds like it takes a lot of the compound developed by a company called Senestech to effectively sterilize the rats:
To analyze how ethanol digestion changed over time Steven Benner a chemist at the Foundation for Applied Molecular Evolution built enzymes in the lab that estimated how extinct primates metabolized alcohol.
or molecular pharmacology to treat neurological disorders will be compromised with a major effort that is fixated on mapping neuronal connections that in the end may not really be able to rectify the pathological processes that underlie the most common brain and spinal cord diseases.
Monthly mean CO2 concentrations are determined from daily averages for the number of CO2 molecules in every one million molecules of dried air (water vapor removed.
We're pumping Billions of tons of carbon into our atmosphere on an annual basis. This doesn't matter to the deniers.
Add the carbon cost to it and the payback is in the first few months.
and generating 40%rates of return on investments to the nation as a whole for a carbon to nuclear conversion.
We've taken carbon that's been buried in the Earth and have been burning it to the tune of Billions of tons a year and put that in the atmosphere.
This carbon took millions of years to bury and we've been introducing it to the atmosphere in less than 200 years.
That's reducing the Earth's ability to take in all of the carbon we're putting into the atmosphere.
instead in the amount of radioactive carbon trapped in the annual growth rings of some of the world's oldest trees.
Carbon's key radioactive isotope carbon-14 forms when energetic particles enter Earth's atmosphere
and collide with nitrogen atoms. Since trees take in both carbon-14 and its stable relative carbon-12 the relative levels of carbon-14 in their growth rings give scientists a way of measuring the amount of high-energy particles entering Earth's atmosphere in a given year.
When analyzing two ancient Japanese cedars last year the scientists found that the amount of carbon-14 present in their 775 AD growth rings was shockingly large.
It's normal for levels of carbon-14 to fluctuate--they rise and fall on an 11-year cycle with the waxing and waning of solar flares.
But for the entire 3000-year record there are no other spikes as steep as the one in 775.
So what could have caused the massive burst of radiation and the high influx of energetic particles that led to the elevated levels of carbon-14 in the atmosphere?
At first two possibilities seemed the most likely: The radiation either came from an especially intense solar flare or the explosion of a nearby star.
Those rays would have created high-energy particles in our atmosphere which could then go on to form the carbon-14 present in such abundance in the Japanese cedars.
But in order to send out enough gamma rays to do the trick the supernova would have had to be bigger and brighter than other historical bright spots that were documented in fact.
When they found that neither solar flares nor supernovae could explain the carbon-14 anomaly they had found the researchers published their discovery
So the formation of radioactive isotopes isn't a steady process? This could cause us to change our assumptions about dating methods.
tree ring studies and sedimentary cores can often be used to identify variations in the atmospheric concentrations of whichever isotope is being used
if media reported scientific findings along with the limitations of the test/report/study/researchi for one was largely unaware of the limitations of carbon 14 dating until recently.
The carbon in mollusk shells is dissolved from calcium carbonate in water. Thus the measurement was an average of
when the carbon formed not the age of the animal. For this reason radiocarbon dating only works for organisms that obtain their carbon from air via carbon dioxide.
Even organisms that eat aquatic organisms should be calibrated to account for this (for example a seal that was dated to be 1400 years old.
because for this study the researchers had to be able to see how carbon-14 levels changed from one year to the next
Over the past 3000 years there have been 3 sharp spikes in carbon-14 levels over a short period of time.
and it turned out that the carbon-14 spikes occurred over a few years and could be explained by solar activity.
Yes they were measuring the carbon-14 in tree-rings but they weren't using the carbon-14 to tell them how long ago the event happened.
They were measuring the relative change in the isotope from one year to the next. As a side note that may interest@Bagpipes100:
the reason scientists amassed this giant carbon record from trees in the first place is so that they could find out how carbon-14 inputs changed over time
and then build a calibration curve to make radiocarbon dating more accurate. Before 12000 years that record consists of data from marine sediments.
This method not only allows scientists to get more accurate ages but also to say exactly how certain they can be.
All carbon-14 dates are given with a plus or minus x years. Emilyelert THANK YOU for the information!!!
Probably not even the moon Titan though because of ethane and methane instead of h2o and hydrocarbon molecules floating around instead of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
since the complete human genome was published molecular biologists have been hard at work unraveling the genomic codes of multitudes of life forms.
Razing and burning forests accounts for about 10 percent of present global carbon emissions or 3. 6 billion tons of CO2 a year.
-or no-carbon economic development projects such as expanding their energy generation capacity with renewables like sun and wind instead of fossil fuels.
But no we're not going to mention putting a global price on carbon pollution or agreeing to legally-binding promises on greenhouse gas cuts.
and peatland destruction ecosystems that would otherwise be storing much more carbon than the palm plantations that replace them.
since 2007 and since 2010 has been working to preserve forest and peatlands that store a lot of carbon.
if this joint call for a price on carbon is just bluewashing by participating companies that want to hide
Lund adds It's a lot more important to see that the evolution of a big polluter is the appropriate one than trying to keep such companies out of the global carbon price coalition. 10:44 a m.:
Last week just ahead of a big private sector climate forum held alongside today's political summit a group of powerful institutional investors issued a public call for a global price on carbon.
This is the first time there is a global movement starting for a global carbon pricing adds George Kell executive director of UN Global Compact. 10:38 a m.:
We need an international carbon price. 10:32 a m.:Next up a press conference on the economic case for putting a global price on carbon.
Lately some in the business community are getting more vocal that this measure--derided by opponents in the United states as a carbon taxis essential to cutting their financial exposure to risks of climate change like increasing drought storm damage strained fresh water supplies and such.
If it cost money for businesses to pour greenhouse gases into the atmosphere the reasoning goes they'd start to cut down on that pollution. 10:25 a m
The president of Korea just pledged $100 million to the Green Climate Fund or GCF to help developing nations undertake low-carbon economic growth. 8: 44 a m.:
More than 28 years ago a reactor exploded at the Chernobyl Nuclear power Plant in Soviet-run Ukraine releasing radioactive particles into the atmosphere.
but various weather conditions helped the radioactive particles spread far into Western europe contaminating much of the ground soil.
because cheese-making is more complex at the molecular level than Real Vegan Cheese either knows
This molecular structure is intrinsic to forming curds a cheese precursor which won't appear simply
The clear message here is that detection of airborne MERS molecules which were 100 percent identical with the viral genomic sequence detected from a camel actively shedding the virus in the same barn on the same day warrants further investigations
since breeding in the lab can cause the animals to lose microbes necessary for digesting certain toxic plant compounds found in the wild.
#New Air pollution Rules Tie Public health To Major Carbon Cutspower plants nationwide must cut their carbon dioxide pollution by up to 30 percent in less than two decades under the clean power plan released today by the Obama administration.
The new carbon rule doesn't require specific reductions at individual power plants or add them up via metric tons of CO2.
Rather it sets state-by-state requirements for reducing the power sector's rate of carbon intensity:
the amount of carbon pollution created per megawatt hour of generated electricity. Each state has an interim goal for reducing carbon intensity between 2020-2029 based on its mix of power sources in 2012 (the most recent year for
which full data are available) and a final goal for 2030 and afterwards. It is not clear
In the rule EPA identifies four building blocks for carbon-reduction strategies that are already being used by many states
and utilities to reduce carbon emissions including: But Mccarthy stressed today that the states will be in charge of tailoring their plans to their own particular conditions and needs.
Connecticut Delaware Maine Maryland Massachusetts New hampshire New york Rhode island and Vermont are ahead of the game with their joint Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative formed in 2005 to create a market for carbon emission allowances also called
States not already in an emissions market can also look to California's carbon cap -and-trade program established in 2012 to help the state reach its goal of cutting greenhouse gas pollution to 1990 levels by 2020 and then another 80 percent beyond that by 2050.
Carbon pollution from power plants comes packaged with other dangerous pollutants like particulate matter nitrogen oxides
Taking aim at critics of regulating carbon emissions Mccarthy dismissed charges that the plan's mandated cuts will cause power prices to skyrocket
Mccarthy's sharp tone was of a piece with the Obama administration's recent pugnacity in affirming the scientific evidence that carbon pollution created by human activities has destabilized the climate
since then to tighten up auto fuel economy standards as well as carbon regulations on new power plants and industrial facilities.
The chemists analyzed their samples separating the chemicals in the wines and measuring the masses of the molecules they gathered.
when trying to figure out how to allocate resources to saving endangered bird species. The team has created also a compound metric that sets a bird's evolutionary uniqueness against how widely it can be found in the world.
#Missiles And Rockets Might Soon Smell Like Pine Treesin an effort to launch things skyward in a more sustainable way researchers have coaxed bacteria to produce a highly combustible compound called pinene.
That's when the Navy discovered chemicals that link together or dimerize two molecules of pinene into a fuel with properties similar to JP-10.
and geranyl diphosphate synthases--to produce molecules of pinene. Second they inserted genes that code for the enzymes into the DNA of E coli (chosen
With the brewing of pinene complete they used the Navy-discovered chemicals to dimerize pinene molecules into rocket-ready fuel.*
A slim lithium-ion battery usually rechargeable provides the power. An average e-cigarette has about 300 puffs per charge.
and a molecular textbook) and estimating which ingredients might combine for a dish pleasing to a human palate Watson has been creating unlikely culinary works.
Color Particle Sorter Plastic bits pour past a photoelectric detector which identifies those of a particular color say blue.
The detector signals an air gun which blasts any non-blue particles with air knocking them out of the waste stream.
and it s a carbon sink sequestering the carbon dioxide it absorbed during growth even after it s been turned into lumber.
Waugh Thistleton estimates that the wood in Stadthaus stores 186 tons of carbon while the steel and concrete for a similar conventionally built tower would have generated 137 tons of carbon dioxide during production.
When CLT is used to build high-rise towers the carbon savings can be enormous. The 186 tons of carbon locked into Stadthaus are enough to offset 20 years of its daily operations meaning that for the first two decades of its life the building isn t carbon neutral t is actually carbon negative.
Rather than producing greenhouse gases Stadthaus is fighting them. While firms like Waugh Thistleton have focused on the lower end of the high-rise scale others are designing radically taller buildings up to 40 or more stories.
If that unassuming building on a street corner in Shoreditch is actually a trap for hundreds of tons of carbon imagine an entire city of Stadthauses.
So they designed a shell for a quadrotor that incorporated shock absorbers ubber dampers in between sections made from carbon fiber and plastic.
Both provide valuable ecosystem services buffering floods storing atmospheric carbon and building soils. Both are in decline nationally and globally.
whether the change will affect coastal ecosystems'ability to store carbon; and whether juvenile fish and commercially valuable shellfish will remain abundant in the changing plant communities.
#Molecular evolution of genetic sex-determination switch in honeybeesit's taken nearly 200 years but scientists in Arizona and Europe have teased out how the molecular switch for sex gradually
However how this system of haplodiploid sex determination ultimately evolved at a molecular level has remained one of the most important questions in developmental genetics.
evolved in their article Gradual molecular evolution of a sex determination switch in honeybees through incomplete penetrance of femaleness.
These findings--which have taken nearly 200 years of study to pin down--suggested that incomplete penetrance may be the mechanism by which new molecular switches can gradually
After infecting the cells the researchers sequenced all of the MESSENGER RNA molecules in the host cells.
and any cell it needs to be able to have a very big arsenal of molecules that can function in the different hosts
and the goal of the current study was to encapsulate EGCG in casein (milk protein) molecular aggregates known as micelles to maintain
#Big data project reveals where carbon-stocking projects in Africa provide greatest benefitsit is recognized increasingly that climate change has the potential to threaten people
One way to slow climate change is to increase the number of trees On earth as they through photosynthesis take up the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide converting it to carbon products
New forests continue to accumulate carbon for hundreds of years. Therefore forestation projects are one way of generating'carbon credits
'which are tradable units on the carbon market. The more carbon is stored in the vegetation the more profitable such projects are.
Restoring forests should bring especially high carbon returns in areas where plants grow fast and to big sizes but where past disturbances such as deforestation fires and degradation have resulted in much of the vegetation being destroyed because the difference between
what is there and what could potentially be there is so large. However little information exists on where such areas are
and how big their carbon storage potential is. Researchers from Aarhus University Denmark the University of Pretoria South africa and the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research in South africa have developed now a method to calculate the difference between the potential carbon that could be stored in vegetation
if there were no disturbances and the carbon that is stored currently in vegetation in tropical Africa.
The researchers based their analysis on a satellite-derived map of current carbon being stored in vegetation.
Combining it with data on environmental factors that affect plant growth such as climate and soil they could model the maximum amount of carbon that could be stored in vegetation across tropical Africa.
By subtracting the actual amount of carbon currently stored in vegetation from this they could
thus show where in Africa carbon-stocking projects would be particularly profitable. People and biodiversity factors are also importantin reality such a map of where most carbon could be stored is limited probably of use for deciding where to plan carbon projects
because there may be a number of constraints to setting up forestation projects to stock carbon.
For example a densely populated agricultural area with high levels of rainfall and temperatures might bring high carbon returns;
however it would be unlikely to be profitable as land value in these areas is high
and because it would be problematic to have to relocate people. Therefore such constraints must be considered
when planning carbon forests. In addition it might be a good idea to consider whether there are wider benefits to setting up such projects.
We used our map which showed where carbon forests would bring high returns to ask where carbon-stocking by forestation would
not only be highly profitable but where it would also minimize conflict with people and benefit biodiversity and people says Michelle Greve from the University of Pretoria who led the project as part of her Phd at Aarhus University.
which would not only have high carbon returns but would also conserve native biodiversity and support ecosystem services that is services that the environment provides which benefit humans.
thus identify areas where carbon projects would have wider co-benefits. An example of an area that showed high carbon returns
but was less important when these other factors were considered was the region around Lake victoria in East Africa.
and thus has a high potential for carbon stocking through forests. However it does not support as high biodiversity as some other areas
So setting aside land here to plant carbon forests would not be optimal. Rather regions of the Upper Guinean rainforests of West Africa and the Lower Guinean rainforests which are situated on the coast of Nigeria
and Cameroon were identified as having more optimal combinations of high carbon stocking potential high co-benefits for wildlife conservation and humans and high feasibility.
and the associated resources generated future studies on the molecular dissection of natural and artificial selection gene regulation and gene-environment interaction as well as biotechnological approaches to customize the crop to different uses in the production of sugar
Our project aims to clearly quantify environmental services such as water flow carbon storage and biodiversity conservation that decision makers will consider as they evaluate projects from forest restoration to watershed management said Jefferson Hall Smithsonian staff scientist and project director.
and E North america recent molecular analysis have shown that Altingia and Semiliquidambar are nested within Liquidambar. A new taxonomic synopsis published in the open access journal Phytokeys formally transfers all Altingia and Semiliquidambar taxa to Liquidambar
The cellulose nanocrystals represent a potential green alternative to carbon nanotubes for reinforcing materials such as polymers and concrete.
With this in mind cellulose nanomaterials are inherently renewable sustainable biodegradable and carbon-neutral like the sources from
Globally pork produced 24 kilos of carbon per kilo of edible protein and poultry produced only 3. 7 kilos of carbon per kilo of protein--compared with anywhere from 58 to 1000 kilos of carbon per kilo of protein from ruminant meat.
The authors caution that the lower emission intensities in the pig and poultry sectors are driven largely by industrial systems
and Sudan can in the worst cases release the equivalent of 1000 kilos of carbon for every kilo of protein they produce.
By comparison in many parts of the US and Europe the emission intensity is around 10 kilos of carbon per kilo of protein.
Using radiocarbon dating and isotopic analyses of carbon and nitrogen traces in the bones of cats dogs deer
Carbon isotopes indicate that rodents domestic dogs and pigs from the ancient village were eating millet
Carbon and nitrogen isotopes show that cats were preying on animals that lived on farmed millet probably rodents.
and exposures to other toxins and compounds identified in e-cigarettes such as formaldehyde acetaldehyde and acrolein.#¢
Gabriel's team's work will be outlined in a research paper that will be published in February in the journal Molecular Plant-Microbe Interaction.
whereby soil particles are removed from the bed by water currents. Many limiting factors However the seedlings also work against themselves.
#Indigenous hunting with fire helps sustain Brazils savannasindigenous use of fire for hunting is an unlikely contributor to long-term carbon emissions
and timber fix the carbon and thus collaborate in the regulation of global climate systems;
or accumulating carbon more. As they are trees with a longer turnover because they grow more slowly than pine plantations their management produces fewer disturbances in the system explained Ametzaga.
The concentration of the most active compound anigorufone however was much higher in the immediate vicinity of lesions on the roots of resistant bananas in comparison to infected root tissues of the nematode susceptible banana plants.
Lipid droplets containing the active compounds visible in the nematodethe toxic effect of anigorufone and other substances was tested on living nematodes.
and translocate the defense compounds on a molecular level. Such insights will provide important clues for the development of banana varieties which are resistant to the nematodes.
For this purpose they initially marked the pesticide to be examined with the nonradioactive heavy carbon isotope 13c
and the carbon contained therein was transported into the microbial biomass. For these kinds of residues we can give the all-clear signal
But where should policymakers focus their carbon mitigation efforts? Which technologies hold the most promise?
That would allow us to compensate for short term delays in mitigation by later taking carbon out of the atmosphere.
CCS is a yet-unproven technology that would remove carbon from fossil fuel or bioenergy combustion and store it underground.
In combination with bioenergy this results in carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere (owing to the previous carbon uptake of plants through photosynthesis)
Scientists have long been aware of a terahertz peak in nanotubes the tiny cylinders of rolled-up carbon that show so much promise for advanced materials.
Metallic carbon nanotubes are expected to show plasmon resonance in the terahertz and infrared range but no group has demonstrated clearly the existence of plasmons in carbon nanotubes Zhang said.
Previously people proposed one possible explanation--that the terahertz peak is due to interband absorption in the small band gaps in semiconducting nanotubes.
The researchers previously used this fact to demonstrate that aligned carbon nanotubes act as an excellent terahertz polarizer with performance better than commercial polarizers based on metallic grids.
We will be making various terahertz devices architectures and systems based on carbon nanotube plasmons. Rice alumni Erik Há
#Researchers find forests with bigger potential for carbon creditusing satellite images researchers at the Center of Geography
and Geomatics (Centrogeo) estimate the quantity of carbon that Mexican forests store and identify the species that best serve as a reservoir.
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