Other deadly viruses and possibly chemical contaminates play a roll as well. To stave the losses the USDA program will pay farmers
and chemical additives are hardwired into our food system and make up the majority of the American diet.
In a recent report NRDC focused on a single legal loophole that allows hundreds if not more than a thousand chemical additives into the U s. food supply those unpronounceable ingredients on the back of the box bypassing safety review by the U s. Food
But because of a giant loophole in food safety law the generally recognized as safe or GRAS loophole chemical manufacturers can decide for themselves
when chemical additives enter our food supply. All this adds up to a serious lack of oversight intowhat goes into Americans'food.
if it doesn't know the identity of these chemicals in the first place or if it can't review the evidence demonstrating that their use in food is safe.
Ultimately the U s. Congress needs to close the GRAS loophole that allows manufacturers to leave the FDA and the public in the dark about the safety of chemical additives in food.
and should move now to end the inherent conflict of interest in the current system for reviewing the safety of chemical additives in food
The widespread use of chemical additives is just one of several deep-rooted problems in our industrialized food system.
Our industrialized agricultural system relies heavily on the intensive use of chemical fertilizers herbicides and pesticides
and cigarette exposure but less commonly discussed are chemicals found in plastic household cleaning products
or flame-retardant chemicals said Dr. Naomi Stotland a professor of gynecology at the University of California San francisco (UCSF) and a physician at San francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center.
For example chemicals called phthalates are found in air fresheners and dish soap and have been linked to obesity and birth defects.
The researchers noted that a 2011 study of more than 250 pregnant women found that all of them carried environmental chemicals in their bodies that could be passed onto the fetus.
and her colleagues surveyed 2500 obstetricians finding that 78 percent said they believed counseling their patients about chemicals in the environment could reduce harm to the baby.
because they felt they didn't have enough knowledge about such chemicals and didn't want to cause fear or anxiety in their patients.
Many women feel a mistaken belief that you need to use strong chemicals to get your house clean
Many plastics release toxic chemicals such as vinyl chloride or BPA according to a document released by UCSF researchers called Toxic Matters.
Cook store and heat in containers such as glass where we are worried not about chemical exposures.
Other women not just those who are need pregnant to know about environmental chemicals too Conry said.
The findings published today (June 25) in the journal PLOS ONE are based on chemicals lingering in bits of fossilized feces perhaps the oldest human poop known to science.
But two samples also had a dash of 5b-stigmastanol a chemical produced when the gut breaks down phytosterol a cholesterol-like compound that comes from plants.
He added that scientists need a much better reference database for the profile of chemicals they should expect to see in the fossilized feces of different animals such as bears and humans.
Researchers also need a better understanding of how these chemicals degrade over time he said.
and the chemical feel-good factor comes from the world s most widely consumed psychoactive drug.
The taste of chocolate comes from a mixture of chemicals many resulting from the roasting process in
Phenylethylamine another family of chemicals is found in chocolate in very small amounts. It is a naturally occurring substance with a structure that is closely related to synthetic amphetamines
Sulakvelidze added that phage bio-control products are an alternative to chemical washes and irradiation two mechanisms commonly used to kill bacteria in ready-to-eat food products.
Protect Public health Not Toxic Chemicals (Op-Ed) The FDA has linked ractopamine to nearly a quarter-million reported adverse events in pigs (more than half of those pigs were sickened
They respond to chemicals with lock -and-key mechanisms that resemble how animals smell. Plants have specific photoreceptors
When part of a plant gets eaten that causes distress chemicals to propagate through the plant
which responds with chemical changes to make itself less tasty to the predator Gilroy said. Not only can plants send signals within their own bodies
A disease or pest infestation in a neighboring plant sends out chemical signals that cause nearby plants to respond.
It gives off a chemical so the plant defends itself. Researchers have shown also corn seedlings lean toward sounds with a 220-Hertz frequency the same tune emitted by the plants'roots
In 4-ethyloctanal we identified a novel chemical that had never been demonstrated in nature before.
and polluted region in China more quickly excreted the cancer-causing chemical benzene from their bodies through their urine.
and colon-and liver-cleansing schemes to rid the body of harmful chemicals. In this new study a team led by Dr. Thomas Kensler who holds joint positions at Johns hopkins university in Baltimore
Kensler said that broccoli consumption initiates chemical reactions that assemble molecules that attach to benzene compounds making these benzene compounds more water soluble and easier to pass through the urine.
or herbs consumed periodically can flush the body of all of these nasties regardless of their chemical composition or place of storage.
The liver the primary organ to detoxify chemicals never needs to be cleaned because it doesn't work like the lint filter it's commonly portrayed to be.
The liver detoxifies chemicals by changing their composition into a less-reactive state. Chemicals that the liver can't detoxify simply pass through it unchanged at the risk of harming other organs.
The colon never needs to be cleaned either. The theory of autointoxication in which a dirty colon creates toxins that are reabsorbed into the body was disproved nearly 100 years ago
or juice can locate all these diverse chemical families within the body and safely and magically escort them out of the body.
and found that the chemical and bacterial composition matched the snacks buried with the mummies.
or chemical contamination as the most likely reason for CCD. In short waves of either chemical contamination
or viral infections are overwhelming the honeybees and the hives. Last summer for instance researchers from the University of Maryland and the USDA collected pollen from seven major types of crops along the East Coast where CCD has been especially destructive where bees had been in serious decline and fed
What the study indicated is that there may not be a single cause of CCD it could be a complex web of many chemicals that involves different types and classes of pesticides and fungicides.
and other chemicals that promote cancer and heart disease. 3. Limit or avoid dairy products to reduce the risk of prostate cancer.
The reason is that cancer-causing chemicals called heterocyclic amines (HCAS) are created when creatine and amino acids in skeletal muscle aka meat are cooked at high temperatures.
of which can be solved by massive but economic and environmentally safe desalination. There are some nifty examples of the bold human imagination ranging from super sustainable cities to the intelligence revolution.
and unless you're eating an organic orange peel covered in chemicals. If you do eat the peel you'll get a good amount of nutrients.
Cutting out the chemicals: Nature Newsozone experts are exploring ways to curb powerful greenhouse gases of their own making under the Montreal Protocol,
now, chemical manufacturers have moved on to a third-generation replacement, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCS; see graphic. HFCS are cheap
a network of experts worldwide and a 20-year track record of handling these types of chemicals.
We created these chemicals and we can get rid of them, says Durwood Zaelke, president of the Institute for Governance & Sustainable Development, an advocacy group in WASHINGTON DC.
We have the chemicals. We have the wherewithal within the treaty. It's just an administrative issue.
Emissions of some ozone-depleting chemicals will continue for some time and even in 2100 long-lived CFCS will remain the dominant ozone destroyers.
But schedules are in place to phase out most of the remaining chemicals of concern. The ozone story is winding to a close,
when analysing chemicals. And Fahey says Montreal's experts have performed well on that account. He co-authored a 2007 paper estimating that
depending on which chemicals fill the void. This is largely why the Montreal parties decided to weigh in on HFCS now.
In a particularly controversial example, industrialized countries have been offsetting their emissions by paying companies in the developing world to incinerate the chemical HFC-23,
The chemical giant Dupont, based in Wilmington, Delaware, is concerned more about industrial HFC refrigerants than incidental HFC by-products, for
better industrial processes and, ultimately, the development of new, more climate-friendly chemicals, says Mcfarland.
Chemicals in early refrigerants contributed to the hole in Earth's ozone layer-->Â See also Correspondence'Time running out to deal with banks of greenhouse gases
The directive promotes the use of non-chemical pest-control methods, bans aerial crop spraying without specific authorization and curbs the use of pesticides in areas such as parks and playgrounds.
The Swedish Chemicals Agency (KEMI) estimates that the compromise package will result in just 23 existing substances being banned,
Frank Keppler of the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry in Mainz, Germany, a co-author on the original report on plant methane emissions,
In 2004, Monsanto, an agricultural company headquartered in St louis, Missouri, announced that it was halting development of transgenic herbicide-resistant strains of wheat after US farmers expressed concerns that they would not be able to export the crops to other countries.
European Medicines Agency recommends approval of two H1n1 vaccines, from Novartis and Glaxosmithkline. 15 september 2009:
FDA approves four H1n1 vaccines, from CSL Limited, Medimmune LLC, Novartis, and Sanofi Pasteur. 10 september 2009:
Novartis says a trial on 100 subjects shows its H1n1 vaccine is potentially protective for 80%of subjects after one dose and over 90%after two doses. 21 august 2009:
marketed for adults as Coartem by Novartis. By 2013, the end of the current strategy,
The case against reincarnating OCO is that the spectroscopy it used to measure carbon levels needed reflected sunlight to work,
For example, next year, Monsanto, a US agricultural products company based in St louis, Missouri, intends to launch a line of maize (corn) that contains eight different genes that make the crop resistant to herbicides and to attack by insects.
Chemical regulation: The costs of complying with European union legislation on chemical safety (REACH) are much greater than thought,
according to a study released by toxicologists. Industry may have to spend  9. 5 billion (US$13. 6 billion) on toxicity testing six times more than expected
The chemical industry challenged the numbers as worst-case estimates. For more, see pages 1065 and 1080.
But a new model suggests that chemical reactions between carbon grains and oxygen could be the explanation.
He presented his ideas at the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry congress in Glasgow
and their colleagues, modelled the chemical processes that could have been occurring in the disk, to see how hot the oxygen there might have been,
Bergin's chemical model helps to take away the need for that heat, he says. If the new model is correct,
Nature Newsresearchers have created transgenic maize plants that fight off pests by emitting a chemical to attract insect-killing nematode worms. 1the method,
European and US researchers, headed by Theodoor Turlings, a chemical ecologist from the University of Neuch ¢tel in Switzerland
Identifying more compounds that act as chemical signals is crucial, says Turlings. And the approach could be combined with other transgenic pest control methods such as using genetically modified crops that carry toxins.
Guy Poppy, a chemical ecologist from the University of Southampton, UK, agrees that the method should allow farmers to reduce crop damage without eradicating the entire population of pests in a field's ecosystem-allowing biodiversity to remain mostly unchanged.
future studies should address the effects that enhancing natural chemical signals might have on a whole ecosystem including the resident populations of insect-killing nematodes.
since the volatile chemical would diffuse away, or be washed away by rain, if it were not being emitted continually by the plants it would be better to guide the nematodes to the plants most in need of protection,
The chemical was approved for agricultural use by the US Environmental protection agency in October 2007, prompting protests from activists and scientists.
The drug company Abbott laboratories in Abbott Park, Illinois, is to buy Solvay Group's pharmaceutical business for  4. 5 billion (US$6. 6 billion.
which includes Solvay's vaccines business, based in Belgium. The acquisition will also see Abbott increase its annual US$2. 7-billion pharmaceutical research and development investment by $500 million.
The week ahead 5-7 october The 2009 Nobel prizes for physiology or medicine, physics and chemistry are announced. http://nobelprize. org 5-7 october Singapore hosts the Stem Cells
relies on gasification to turn biomass into hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Proprietary bacteria then ingest the gases and produce ethanol
and later collaborated closely with Monsanto, the leading producer of genetically engineered seed, on transgenic crops.
The Danforth Center was founded with grants from Monsanto's philanthropic arm among others, and the president and chief executive of Monsanto is on the centre's board of trustees.
It was also Bill Danforth, the centre's founder, who originally proposed NIFA in 2004 when he was chair of a USDA task force;
At issue is a set of apparently conflicting assessments of the chemical's health hazard. In 2007, the EPA concluded that health standards could be met by proper use of masks and procedures,
and is a replacement for methyl bromide a chemical that has been found to eat away at the ozone layer,
All chemical soil fumigants are among the nastiest of the 1 200 substances registered for agricultural use,
The EPA approved methyl iodide in October 2007, prompting protest at the time including from a group of chemists familiar with the toxic properties of the chemical in the lab
. I have read enough papers with cautions around the use of the chemical that it made
Alternatives to chemical fumigants are available including rotating strawberries with crops such as broccoli that contain natural pest deterrents,
says study co-author JÃ rg Bohlmann, a chemical ecologist at the University of British columbia in Vancouver, Canada,
The goal, says Dezene Huber, a chemical ecologist at the University of Northern British columbia in Prince George
says Pushpito Ghosh, director of the Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute in Bhavnagar.
and opt for new chemical refrigerants that contribute less to global warming. Other improvements will focus on a host of technologies for improving engines and transmissions
The US Environmental protection agency (EPA) has agreed to set new rules governing emissions of mercury and other toxic chemicals from power plants by November 2011,
The GM brinjal variety was developed by Mahyco Monsanto Biotech, a joint venture between Jalna-based Maharashtra Hybrid Seed Company and US seed giant Monsanto.
The decision to seek further input has angered some crop scientists. The minister has set a bad precedent by ignoring the recommendation of the GEAC a statutory body consisting of scientists,
Chemical regulation: The US Environmental protection agency (EPA) laid out White house-backed principles for a radical reform of US legislation regulating toxic chemicals, at present controlled by the 1976 Toxic Substances Control Act.
EPA administrator Lisa Jackson said the act had proved to be an inadequate tool for protecting the public.
She wants to strengthen the EPA's authority to clamp down on dangerous chemicals, and for chemical manufacturers routinely to give the agency toxicity data.
The American Chemistry Council, which represents US chemical manufacturers, says it welcomes the reform. A congressional bill is expected soon.
Biosecurity: The US government should grade microorganisms and toxins according to their risk as potential biothreat agents,
and regulate them accordingly. That was the recommendation of a National Research Council report released last week, entitled Responsible Research with Biological Select Agents and Toxins.
The chemistry prize was yet to be awarded as Nature went to press. See page 706 and www. nature. com/news for more.
Similarly, major companies such as The Dow chemical Company and General electric are pushing for legislation as part of the US Climate Action Partnership.
In the past month, Monsanto and Dow Agrisciences have received government permission to plant transgenic maize across 24 plots,
where Monsanto has begun planting, transgenic maize is kept 500 metres away from conventional maize fields, says Eduardo Perez Pico, the firm's chief of research and regulatory affairs for the Latin american region.
and so contain a record of the Solar system's chemistry and evolution because material that falls in freezes, becoming trapped.
If those chemicals are being sprayed in those areas, then it is quite possible that you will get concentrations that cause toxicity,
if successful, would reduce the need to use chemical insecticides. Patients at the last chance clinic In February, artist Dunham Aurelius and accountant Sally Massagee got a thorough check-up at the US National institutes of health (NIH) in Bethesda, Maryland.
which patients have high Vitamin d levels and calcification in parts of their kidneys. William Gahl
So far, one new disease with a genetic underpinning has been discovered in a family with blood-vessel calcification below the waist.
was known not to be associated with ectopic calcification. I think it's important. A handful of patients, like Massagee, were diagnosed with known conditions.
The method can be tailored to produce a host of high-value chemicals, including molecules that mimic standard petrol,
enabling them to convert precursor molecules directly into fuels and other chemicals. The team then inserted genes from other bacteria to produce enzymes able to break down hemicellulose.
such as the climate or a particular environmental chemical, that affects one or more pigmentation genes, says Fang.
In 2007, agriculture was responsible for 43.7%of the total 30.3 million tonnes of chemical oxygen demand (COD) a measure of organic pollutants in water.
as has the nation's use of chemical fertilizers. In 2007 China consumed 32.6 million tonnes of nitrogen fertilizer, a 191%increase over 1981.
and was developed by Mahyco-Monsanto Biotech, a joint venture between the Jalna-based Maharashtra Hybrid Seed Company and the US seed giant Monsanto,
and food in the hands of our farmers and consumers instead of a few multinational corporations like Monsanto, says Gangula Ramanjaneyulu, director of the Centre for Sustainable agriculture in Hyderabad.
we do need not Monsanto, says Govindarajan Padmanabhan, a biochemist and former director of the Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore.
German chemicals company BASF has received its first approval to market genetically modified seeds. Its herbicide-tolerant soya bean'Cultivance,
BASF is hoping to break into a market dominated by Monsanto, Syngenta, Dupont and Bayer; its'Amflora'genetically modified starchy potato is awaiting European union approval.
Nature Newsthe European commission last week approved Amflora a genetically modified (GM) potato developed by German chemical company BASF.
Monsanto's MON 810 maize (corn), which is engineered to be resistant to the European corn-borer caterpillar,
and a Monsanto strain that is resistant to glyphosate-based herbicides such as'Roundup'.'And what about states that refuse to comply?
BASF has said that it only intends to grow the potatoes in countries that want it the company will begin planting Amflora this year on a few dozen hectares in Germany, Sweden and the Czech republic.
and also offer a way of charting the chemical evolution of the Milky way. The interstellar dust is fundamentally the stuff we're made of,
the firm has engineered strains of yeast to produce hydrocarbon fuels and other chemicals from sugarcane feedstocks.
Chemical safety: US chemical regulation looks set for an overhaul with the introduction of the draft Safe Chemicals Act.
If passed, the new legislation will require health -and-safety information to be provided for all chemicals,
and will pass the burden of proof of safety to the manufacturers rather than the regulators, in a similar way to the European union's REACH legislation.
biochemistry and pharmacology. go. nature. com/Errfze 27-29 april The Cambridge Healthtech Institute's Drug Discovery Chemistry conference is held in San diego, California,
which can lead to concentration of these chemicals in the environment and negative effects. The results are mixed that's why it is important not to speak of GMOS in general
Business watch Investors are losing confidence in Monsanto, the agricultural biotech giant based in St louis,
Monsanto is being squeezed in the North american soya and maize market by the world's number-two seed company Dupont,
Alexander worries that Monsanto will cut prices to protect its share, which could potentially hurt its research budget.
But on 5 may, Carl Casale, Monsanto's executive vice-president and chief financial officer, said research spending was not in jeopardy.
but Tans and other researchers have turned recently to accelerator mass spectrometry, which is faster and easier to scale up.
and another protester against the use of the chemical. You have to have a lot of faith that there won't be accidents.
There are non-chemical alternatives to soil fumigants including planting strawberries alongside mustard or broccoli, which release chemicals that deter insects
but these can be expensive or difficult to implement. The economic interests of farmers and pesticide manufacturers affect these decisions as much as science reports,
The chemical is registered already for use in 48 states. The agency does not have figures on how much methyl iodide is being used at present,
Organic fields where only a limited number of man-made chemicals can be used had far greater evenness than those where pesticides were applied regularly.
and is considered to be the least toxic alternative to chemical pesticides. But a new study has revealed adverse effects on the reproductive success of birds.
Bti is still much safer than chemical pesticides, says Mineau. The message that should not be taken away from this study is that people should go back to using chemical pesticide,
he says.
Mosquito saliva may signal infection outbreaks: Nature Newsbaiting mosquito traps with cards soaked in honey,
So far, only a potato with modified starch content Amflora, developed for industrial rather than food use by German chemical company BASF,
which would measure the subtle colour and chemical changes in the rainforest canopy in much more detail than the Terra satellite.
Chemical dispersants to break up the oil were applied at one of the highest rates in history.
whether they exhibit the chemical signatures of oil from the Ixtoc I well. It is unlikely that the oil is having any significant ecological effects after weathering away for so long,
DNA patent ruling hinders Monsanto: Nature Newsa decision by the European Court of Justice on a DNA patent held by global seed company Monsanto has caused a stir in the biotechnology industry,
with concerns that the ruling could limit the protection companies enjoy on their European patents. Nature explains more.
Since 1996, Monsanto has held a European patent on genes that give soya beans resistance to the company's Roundup herbicide specifically the active ingredient glyphosate.
Monsanto had sued importers such as Cefetra, based in Rotterdam, The netherlands, to try to prevent this practice,
The European Court of Justice Europe's top court, based in Luxembourg ruled on 6 july that Monsanto couldn't bar imports of the soya meal.
which Monsanto had gained patent protection in the first place. Why does it matter? The decision reflects a wider question about the scope and strength of DNA patents:
Monsanto were hoping for a broad interpretation of the biotechnology directive, which says: The protection conferred by a patent on a product containing
Indeed, Monsanto had withdrawn already its complaint against Cefetra after an undisclosed out-of-court settlement in June, following a preliminary opinion on the case from one member of the European Court of Justice.
as Monsanto have failed to do in Argentina. However, most patents incorporate other legal claims that could be used to enforce protection on products containing genetic material without resorting solely to claims over DNA sequences as Monsanto had to do, notes Martin Maclean of intellectual-property lawyers
Mathys and Squire in London. The court decision also highlights existing uncertainties in the biotechnology directive,
As for the wider impacts on Monsanto, the company stated that overall patent protection of the company's Roundup Ready soya bean was not at issue,
In individual disciplines, Princeton university in New jersey took top spot for mathematics and the University of California, Berkeley, led in chemistry.
the core of the Chemistry and Metallurgy Research Replacement (CMRR) project, has violated federal law by failing to produce an environmental-impact statement.
¢www. icm2010. org. in 22 26 august The American Chemical Society holds its autumn meeting in Boston, Massachusetts,
with the theme of chemistry for combating disease. ¢go. nature. com/AD8G6E 22 28 august The 28th International Ornithological Congress discusses all things bird-related in Campos do Jord ae'£o, S ae'£o
and the Nizhni novgorod region southwest of Moscow, according to figures from the Global Fire Monitoring Centre (GFMC), part of the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, based at the University of Freiburg in Germany.
Sagers and her team found two varieties of transgenic canola in the wild one modified to be resistant to Monsanto's Roundup herbicide (glyphosate),
Tom Nickson, head of environmental policy at Monsanto in St louis, Missouri, told Nature, Those familiar with canola know that these plants are readily found on roadsides and in areas near farmers'fields.
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