if large high-quality atomically thin MDS sheets could be grown in a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) furnace
Ajayan is the Benjamin M. and Mary Greenwood Anderson Professor in Engineering and a professor of mechanical engineering and materials science chemistry and chemical and biomolecular engineering.
Yakobson is the Karl F. Hasselmann Professor of Mechanical engineering and Materials Science and a professor of chemistry.
#Roman seawater concrete holds the secret to cutting carbon emissionsthe chemical secrets of a concrete Roman breakwater that has spent the last 2000 years submerged in the Mediterranean sea have been uncovered by an international team of researchers led by Paulo Monteiro of the U s
Yet Roman harbor installations have survived 2000 years of chemical attack and wave action underwater. How the Romans did made itthe Romans concrete by mixing lime and volcanic rock.
The seawater instantly triggered a hot chemical reaction. The lime was hydrated--incorporating water molecules into its structure
At ALS beamlines 5. 3. 2. 1 and 5. 3. 2. 2 x-ray spectroscopy showed that the specific way the aluminum substitutes for silicon in the C-a-S-H
whose career has been spent examining the archaeological data developing the chemical analyses and following the trail of the Eurasian grapevine (Vitis vinifera) in the wild and its domestication by humans this confirmation of the earliest evidence of viniculture in France is a key step in understanding the ongoing development of what he calls the wine culture of the world
What we haven't had is clear chemical evidence combined with botanical and archaeological data showing how wine was introduced into France
Combined Archaeological Chemical and Archaeobotanical Evidence Corroborate Discoveryat the site of Lattara merchant quarters inside a walled settlement circa 525-475 BCE held numerous Etruscan
After sample extraction ancient organic compounds were identified by a combination of state-of-the-art chemical techniques including infrared spectrometry gas chromatography-mass spectrometry solid phase microextraction ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography
tandem mass spectrometry and one of the most sensitive techniques now available used here for the first time to analyze ancient wine
and grape samples liquid chromatography-Orbitrap mass spectrometry. All the samples were positive for tartaric acid/tartrate (the biomarker
and expansion of a worldwide wine culture--one that has known its earliest roots in the ancient Near east circa 7000-6000 BCE with chemical evidence for the earliest wine at the site of Hajji Firiz in what is now northern
and the University of California at Davis. The study published online in the American Chemical Society journal Environmental science
Researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology Jena Germany discovered that the ability of Manduca sexta moths to recognize changes in the profile of volatile compounds released by plants being attacked by Manduca caterpillars allows them to lay their eggs on plants that are less likely
which has the same chemical composition but a different structure. The resulting changes in the volatile profile alerts Geocoris bugs to the presence of M. sexta caterpillars on the plant their potential prey.
Ideal conditions for Manduca offspringnow the scientists from the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology show another interesting effect of the chemical odor conversion:
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The expansion will mark Jove's eighth journal section after the recent additions of Jove Chemistry and Applied Physics.
This our second Science paper reports on the strength of large-area graphene films grown using chemical vapor deposition (CVD)
Currently scientists can grow sheets of graphene as large as a television screen by using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) in
In studying the processing techniques used to create their samples for testing they found that the chemical most commonly used to remove the copper substrate also causes damage to the graphene severely degrading its strength.
The differences may correlate with changes in the birds'gut chemistry over time or with changes in diet
and soft wood) with ultrasound consistently enhances the chemical reactions necessary to convert the biomass into high-value fuels and chemicals.
Commonly enzymes or chemicals are used to remove it from biomass and allow the freed sugars to be dissolved for further processing into biofuel.
Grewell and his colleagues report a third application for ultrasound in biofuel production showing that they can accelerate transesterification the main chemical reaction for converting oil to biodiesel.
The photovoltaic devices created in a project led by Rice chemical engineer Rafael Verduzco and Penn State chemical engineer Enrique Gomez are based on block copolymers self-assembling organic materials that arrange themselves into distinct layers.
They easily outperform other cells with polymer compounds as active elements. The discovery is detailed online in the American Chemical Society journal Nano Letters.
While commercial silicon-based solar cells turn about 20 percent of sunlight into electricity and experimental units top 25 percent there's been an undercurrent of research into polymer-based cells that could greatly reduce the cost
Verduzco is an assistant professor of chemical and biomolecular engineering. The National Science Foundation the Department of energy the Welch Foundation the Shell Center for Sustainability and the Louis and Peaches Owen Family Foundation supported the research.
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The density and chemical composition of the wood may provide clues to the climate and air composition in the past.
The UCLA researchers are seeking to pinpoint particular chemicals produced by gut bacteria that may be triggering the signals to the brain.
To test their ideas the Honda team grew various types of graphene on copper foil by standard chemical vapor deposition.
and hold the airborne iron-based catalyst particles from which the nanotubes grow. The researchers think graphene facilitates nanotube growth by keeping the catalyst particles from clumping.
Ajayan thinks the extreme thinness of graphene does the trick. In a previous study the Rice lab found graphene shows materials coated with graphene can get wet
but the graphene provides protection against oxidation. That might be one of the big things about graphene that you can have a noninvasive coating that keeps the property of the substrate
but stops the catalyst from aggregating. Testing found that the graphene layer remains intact between the nanotube forest and the diamond or other substrate.
Ajayan is the Benjamin M. and Mary Greenwood Anderson Professor in Mechanical engineering and Materials Science and of chemistry at Rice.
However our study suggests that the risk increases in a dose response manner as the length of exposure to these chemicals increases.
The structural modeling and electronic structure calculations were performed by the David Reichman lab in chemistry.
Scientists at the Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB) in the National University of Ireland Galway have published just their breakthrough polymerization method in Nature Communications.
Their new polymerization technique allows for the easy creation of new complex multifunctional branched compounds.
Because this work contradicts longstanding theories about polymerization we too have faced the challenge of acceptance.
The survival of organic material is really dependent on the particular chemical properties of the soil
and spatially separated co-catalysts says Peidong Yang a chemist with Berkeley Lab's Materials Sciences Division who led this research.
Artificial photosynthesis in which solar energy is converted directly into chemical fuels is regarded as one of the most promising of solar technologies.
and produce charge-carriers to drive separate water reduction and oxidation half-reactions. In natural photosynthesis the energy of absorbed sunlight produces energized charge-carriers that execute chemical reactions in separate regions of the chloroplast Yang says.
We've integrated our nanowire nanoscale heterostructure into a functional system that mimics the integration in chloroplasts
and titanium oxide--loaded with co-catalysts and with an ohmic contact inserted between them. Silicon was used for the hydrogen-generating photocathode
and predator bugs that in turn preyed on woolly apple aphids a pest that growers often control with chemical sprays.
and predator bugs that in turn preyed on woolly apple aphids a pest that growers often control with chemical sprays.
Arne Skerra from the TUM Chair of Biological Chemistry. In this process a molecule precursor binds to the Faeo enzyme (Fragaria x ananassa enone oxidoreductase) which converts it into the final product namely HDMF.
--and ended up understanding how Faeo produces the HDMF flavor compound explains Dr. Andr Schiefner from The chair of Biological Chemistry.
Thus the Faeo enzyme represents the first member of new class of biocatalysts--a discovery
Similar to the many studies that indicate tobacco use might reduce risk of Parkinson's our findings also suggest a protective effect from nicotine or perhaps a similar but less toxic chemical in peppers and tobacco.
Their study published in ACS'Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry found similar results as those published in the European union.
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Even when other known means of communication such as contact chemical and light-mediated signals are blocked chilli seeds grow better when grown with basil plants.
or chemical signals they germinated as though they could still communicate with the basil. A partial response was seen for fully grown chilli plants blocked from known communication with the seeds.
if it was all down to just these chemicals says Christopher Connolly a neuroscientist at the University of Dundee UK.
He argues that we should not allow farmers spray a toxic soup of chemicals onto their crops.
beneficial insects such as ladybirds and bees are exposed to lots of different chemicals and we have a really poor understanding of
In a related study published online Feb 21 in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Relyea's Pitt research team examined
Using three commonly applied pesticides that have similar chemical properties--chlorpyrifos carbaryl and malathion--the Pitt researchers exposed 15 populations of wood frog tadpoles to high concentrations of each insecticide.
but similar-acting chemicals said Aaron Stoler a coauthor of the second paper and a graduate student in Relyea's lab. In the future Relyea and his team plan to study the genetic mechanisms that underlie increased resistance in amphibians
The article published Feb 21 in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry is titled Cross-tolerance in amphibians: Wood frog mortality when exposed to three insecticides with a common mode of action.
Research had shown previously that eating honey turns on detoxification genes that metabolize the chemicals in honey
and added different chemical components in extracts of honey. They identified p-coumaric acid as the strongest inducer of the detoxification genes.
This is a very important and fundamental process of ecosystem renewal around the planet that we really didn't understand says co-senior investigator Joseph P. Noel professor and director of Salk's Jack H. Skirball Center for Chemical
What we discovered she says is how a dying plant generates a chemical message for the next generation telling dormant seeds it's time to sprout.
The U s. park service actively suppressed forest fires until they realized that the practice left the soil of mature forests lacking important minerals and chemicals.
and charred ground In previous studies scientists had discovered that special chemicals known as karrikins are created as trees
The chemical structures the team solved revealed all the molecular contacts between karrikin and KAI2 according to Salk research associate Yongxia Guo a structural enzymologist and one of the study's lead investigators.
La Clair then joined the study contributing his chemistry expertise. While the new findings were made in Arabidopsis a model organism that many plant researchers study the scientists say the same karrikin-KAI2 regeneration strategy is undoubtedly found in many plant species. In plants one member
Pulickel Ajayan the Benjamin M. and Mary Greenwood Anderson Professor in Engineering and a professor of mechanical engineering and materials science chemistry and chemical and biomolecular engineering;
and Walter Chapman the William W. Akers Professor of Chemical and Biomolecular engineering all of Rice; and Prabir Patra an assistant professor of mechanical engineering at the University of Bridgeport with a research appointment at Rice.
Verduzco is an assistant professor of chemical and biomolecular engineering. The research was supported by an IBB Hamill Innovations Grant the Robert A. Welch Foundation the National Science Foundation and the National institutes of health through the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious diseases.
#Recipe for low-cost, biomass-derived catalyst for hydrogen productionin a paper to be published in an upcoming issue of Energy
& Environmental science researchers at the U s. Department of energy's Brookhaven National Laboratory describe details of a low-cost stable effective catalyst that could replace costly platinum in the production of hydrogen.
The catalyst made from renewable soybeans and abundant molybdenum metal produces hydrogen in an environmentally friendly cost-effective manner potentially increasing the use of this clean energy source.
and has resulted in the best-performing non-noble-metal-containing hydrogen evolution catalyst yet known--even better than bulk platinum metal Muckerman said.
We sought to fabricate a commercially viable catalyst from earth-abundant materials for application in water electrolysis
the best-performing non-noble-metal-containing hydrogen evolution catalyst yet known...This form of hydrogen production could help the scientists achieve their ultimate goal.
But with platinum as the main ingredient in the most effective water-splitting catalysts the process is currently too costly to be economically viable.
To make the catalyst the team ground the soybeans into a powder mixed the powder with ammonium molybdate in water then dried
We attribute the high activity of the molybdenum-soy catalyst (Mosoy) to the synergistic effect between the molybdenum-carbide phase
Structural and chemical studies of the new catalyst conducted at Brookhaven's National Synchrotron Light source (NSLS)
and provide further details underlying the high performance of this new catalyst. The presence of nitrogen and carbon atoms in the vicinity of the catalytic molybdenum center facilitates the production of hydrogen from water Muckerman said.
The scientists also tested the Mosoy catalyst anchored on sheets of graphene--an approach that has proven effective for enhancing catalyst performance in electrochemical devices such as batteries supercapacitors fuel cells and water electrolyzers.
The graphene-anchored Mosoy catalyst surpassed the performance of pure platinum metal. Though not quite as active as commercially available platinum catalysts the high performance of graphene-anchored Mosoy was extremely encouraging to the scientific team.
The direct growth of anchored Mosoy nanocrystals on graphene sheets may enhance the formation of strongly coupled hybrid materials with intimate seamless electron transfer pathways
thus accelerating the electron transfer rate for the chemical desorption of hydrogen from the catalyst further reducing the energy required for the reaction to take place Sasaki said.
The scientists are conducting additional studies to gain a deeper understanding of the nature of the interaction at the catalyst-graphene interface
and earth-abundant transition metal such as molybdenum can be turned into an active catalyst by the controlled solid-state reaction with soybeans#The preparation of the Mosoy catalyst is simple
and transition metals#to produce catalysts for electro-catalytic reactions. Additional collaborators in this research were Chiu-Hui Wang and Yimei Zhu of Brookhaven Lab. Story Source:
#while the yellow flesh variety have carotenes#essential chemical components for the diet#and in greater quantities than in the usual commercial varieties.
article April 5 for the Metallomics journal of The Royal Society of Chemistry on how to use X-ray analysis to map a path to increasing the amount of nitrogen that legumes deposit into the soil Cultivation of legumes the plant family that includes peas beans alfalfa soybeans
Legumes use iron in the soil to carry out a complex chemical process called nitrogen fixation which collects atmospheric nitrogen
In the same way measures of optimism and pessimism can provide indicators for an understanding of animal welfare explains co-author Dr Elodie Briefer from Queen Mary's School of Biological and Chemical sciences.
Dr Alan Mcelligott also from Queen Mary's School of Biological and Chemical sciences said: The study shows that animal rescue centres such as Buttercups Sanctuary for Goats where we collected our data can provide a vital role in reversing long-term neglect once the animals receive excellent care.
In a new study at UC San francisco researchers measuring chemicals in the blood and urine concluded that hookah smoke contains a different--but still harmful--mix of toxins.
and tobacco the heat causes chemical reactions in the mixture which produce toxic volatile organic compounds (VOCS) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHS).
Dogs were key to the new study said Knight of CU-Boulder's chemistry and biochemistry department since results from previous studies suggested there were components of co-habitation involved in microbe sharing.
This team dubbed Algafuture is composed of undergraduates and graduate students from the departments of Geography and Environmental Engineering and Chemical and Biomolecular engineering.
Their faculty advisers are Edward Bouwer professor and chair of the Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering and Michael Betenbaugh professor in the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular engineering.
Cellulose and starch have the same chemical formula Zhang said. The difference is in their chemical linkages.
Our idea is to use an enzyme cascade to break up the bonds in cellulose enabling their reconfiguration as starch.
or chemical reagents and does not generate any waste. The key enzymes immobilized on the magnetic nanoparticles can easily be recycled using a magnetic force.
Additional resources were contributed by the Virginia Tech College of Agriculture and Life sciences'Biodesign and Bioprocessing Research center the Shell Gamechanger Program and the U s. Department of energy Bioenergy Science Center along with the Division of Chemical sciences
In the body the nitrate is converted to a chemical called nitrite and then to nitric oxide in the blood.
A combination of high-resolution accelerator mass spectrometry carbon-14 dates and a calibration using tree growth rates showed the GMT correlation is correct.
and you're apt to scarf'em all down--began coming out of the bag today in research presented at the 245th National Meeting & Exposition of the American Chemical Society.
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Their research which found some of the highest lead levels in baby food was among almost 12000 reports scheduled for the 245th National Meeting & Exposition of the American Chemical Society.
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and saltwater desalination plants as the solution to water scarcity. By the mid-1990s the megaproject approach was viewed widely as a poor response to a water crisis worsened by population growth and climate change.
The talks at the 245th National Meeting & Exposition of the American Chemical Society focused on
In chemistry a salt is a substance formed when an acid neutralizes a base. Organic substances are simply those containing carbon.
and on the development of many innovative methods over the course of his career Warner will receive the ACS Award in Analytical Chemistry sponsored by the Battelle Memorial Institute on April 9.
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That was the word today from an overview of the chemistry of hangovers presented as part of the 245th National Meeting & Exposition of the American Chemical Society the world's largest scientific society.
Mitchell spoke on the chemistry and physiology of the hangover at a symposium Chemistry of the Bar which connects with the ACS meeting's core theme The Chemistry of Energy and Food.
Hundreds of the 12000 reports on new advances in science scheduled for presentation at the meeting relate to that theme.
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& Exposition of the American Chemical Society (ACS) the world's largest scientific society being held here this week.
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& Exposition of the American Chemical Society the world s largest scientific society Nancy N. Rabalais Ph d. emphasized that oil spills like the 2010 Deepwater Horizon disaster claim a terrible toll.
Rabalais pointed out that advances in chemistry and other fields do promise solutions. Fertilizers that stay in the soil and resist runoff for instance could have a big impact.
The American Chemical Society is a nonprofit organization chartered by the U s. Congress. With more than 163000 members ACS is the world s largest scientific society
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Technological solutions to these problems that employ the latest developments in materials science chemistry biology and electronics are capable of greatly enhancing the performance of these systems.
William F. Banholzer1 Phd The Dow chemical Company Executive department 2030 Dow Center Midland MI 48674 United states 989-636-0718 mbiehler@dow. comdow
is a leader in purification separation and chemical technology with a longstanding legacy of technology innovation for improving water quality and utilization.
Communities throughout the world depend on Dow reverse osmosis membrane technology for desalination and water reclamation.
In addition new processes for chemical production have been deployed that dramatically reduce wastewater production helping to preserve freshwater resources.
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and leach into local groundwater supplies said Avner Vengosh professor of geochemistry and water quality at Duke's Nicholas School of the Environment.
Now researchers with the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) through support from the Energy Biosciences Institute (EBI) have shed literally new light on cellulase catalysis. Using an ultrahigh-precision visible light microscopy
The enzymatic breakdown of cellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars has been the Achilles heel of biofuels a key economic bottleneck says chemical engineer Harvey Blanch one of the leaders of this research.
either crystalline or amorphous but these categories were probably more reflec tive of the limitations of imaging methods than the underlying structural organization of the cellulose says Jerome Fox lead author of the Nature Chemical Biology paper
#Microalgae produce more oil faster for energy, food or productsscientists have described technology that accelerates microalgae's ability to produce many different types of renewable oils for fuels chemicals foods
The presentation was part of the 245th National Meeting & Exposition of the American Chemical Society (ACS) on April 7.
This breakthrough allows us to create oils optimized for everything from high-performance jet and diesel fuel to renewable chemicals to skin-care products and heart-healthy food oils.
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--and the challenges of feeding a global population of 9 billion in a keynote talk at the 245th National Meeting & Exposition of the American Chemical Society the world's largest scientific society.
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& Exposition of the American Chemical Society (ACS) the world's largest scientific society being held here this week.
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--so long as he can find a manufacturer for the drug. 1 Neurotransmitters are chemicals that transmit signals from neurons (nerve cells) to target cells. 2 Funding:
and joins Queen Mary's School of Biological and Chemical sciences later this year. Most worker bees visit thousands of flowers every day in their search for nectar to feed their queen's brood.
Their study which includes molecular evidence that sorghum lacks the proteins toxic to people with celiac disease appears in ACS'Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.
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The discovery is featured a editor's choice in an online version of the chemistry journal Angewandte Chemie International Edition.
The biocatalysts used to release the hydrogen are a group of enzymes artificially isolated from different microorganisms that thrive at extreme temperatures some
Even more appealing this reaction occurs at low temperatures generating hydrogen energy that is greater than the chemical energy stored in xylose and the polyphosphate.
That means that low-temperature waste heat can be used to produce high-quality chemical energy hydrogen for the first time. Other processes that convert sugar into biofuels such as ethanol and butanol always have energy efficiencies of less than 100 percent resulting in an energy penalty.
Additional resources were contributed by the Shell Gamechanger Program the Virginia Tech College of Agriculture and Life sciences'Biodesign and Bioprocessing Research center and the U s. Department of energy Bioenergy Science Center along with the Division of Chemical sciences
Hirasaki Rice's A j. Hartsook Professor of Chemical and Biomolecular engineering said employing waste heat is just one example of a number of ways that Rice's team is looking to improve upon a tried-and-true technology for CO2 capture.
That technology--a two-phase chemical process--has been used for decades to remove naturally occurring CO2 from natural gas.
To test this idea Warudkar used a software package that's commonly used to model industrial chemical processes.
One variable he tested was tailoring the chemical formulation of the liquid amine solution. Other variables included the type of steam used and the size and pressure of the reactor--the chamber where the flue gas flows past the amine solution.
Study co-authors include Michael Wong professor of chemical and biomolecular engineering and of chemistry and Ken Cox professor in the practice of chemical and biomolecular engineering.
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