Calculations by the Rice team of theoretical physicist Boris Yakobson and his colleagues in China were reported this month in the American Chemical Society journal Nano Letters.
Graphene sheets grown in a lab often via chemical vapor deposition are almost neverperfect arrays of hexagons Yakobson said.
Yakobson is Rice's Karl F. Hasselmann Professor of Mechanical engineering and Materials Science and professor of chemistry.
#Cancer biologists find DNA-damaging toxins in common plant-based foodsin a laboratory study pairing food chemistry
For the study published online February 8 in Food and Chemical Toxicology Kern and his team sought advice from scientists at the U s. Department of agriculture about food products and flavorings.
To do this study well we had to think like food chemists to extract chemicals from food
so Kern's team analyzed p53 activity triggered by the chemicals found in liquid smoke.
Postdoctoral fellow Zulfiquer Hossain tracked down the chemicals responsible for the p53 activity. The strongest p53 activity was found in two chemicals:
pyrogallol and gallic acid. Pyrogallol commonly found in smoked foods is also found in cigarette smoke hair dye tea coffee bread crust roasted malt
and gallic acid but there could be ways to remove the two chemicals from foods and flavorings.
The research appears online this month in the American Chemical Society journal Nano Letters. The ribbons created at Rice are thousands of times thinner than a sheet of paper yet have potential that far outweighs current materials for their ability to charge
Ajayan is the Benjamin M. and Mary Greenwood Anderson Professor in Engineering and a professor of mechanical engineering and materials science chemistry and chemical and biomolecular engineering.
It is documented well that corn residues introduce a host of physical chemical and biological effects that negatively influence corn yields.
Effects of accumulated corn residues include reduced soil temperature increased soil moisture reduced N fertilizer availability and production of autotoxic chemicals all of
Peptides prior to the current 6f version have required additions that can only be made by chemical synthesis. The 6f peptide does not require these additions
This is one of the first examples in translational research using an edible plant as a delivery vehicle for a new approach to cholesterol said Judith Gasson a professor of medicine and biological chemistry director of UCLA
#Chemical trickery explored to help contain potato pestthe pale cyst nematode Globodera pallida is one bad roundworm.
Now however U s. Department of agriculture (USDA) and cooperating scientists are evaluating new ways to control G. pallida using naturally occurring chemicals called egg-hatching factors.
According to lead scientist Roy Navarre with USDA's Agricultural research service (ARS) the egg-hatching factors are exuded actually chemicals from the roots of potato and certain other solanaceous plants into surrounding soil.
There the chemicals stimulate G. pallida eggs to hatch Normally this helps ensure the survival of emerging juvenile nematodes.
But Navarre's approach calls for using the chemicals to trick the eggs into hatching
whose roots exude the chemicals but don't support the nematode's reproduction. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by United states Department of agriculture-Research Education and Economics.
#For smokers, low levels of Vitamin d may lead to cancernew research appearing online today in Clinical Chemistry the journal of AACC shows that decreased levels of Vitamin d may predispose smokers to developing tobacco-related cancer.
The data also indicate that tobacco smoke chemicals may influence Vitamin d metabolism and function while Vitamin d may conversely modify the carcinogenicity of tobacco smoke chemicals.
If further research confirms this it would be consistent with previous studies demonstrating the anti-tumorigenic effects of Vitamin d derivatives as well as the correlation of Vitamin d deficiency with favorable cancer-forming conditions and increased susceptibility to tobacco smoke carcinogens.
The above story is provided based on materials by American Association for Clinical Chemistry (AACC. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
#Social bees mark dangerous flowers with chemical signalsscientists already knew that some social bee species warn their conspecifics
Researchers at the University of Tours (France) in collaboration with the Experimental Station of Arid Zones of Almeria (Spain) have demonstrated now that they also use chemical signals to mark those flowers where they have previously been attacked.
whether bees are capable of using evasive chemical signals to mark those flowers where they have previously been attacked.
The above story is provided based on materials by American Chemical Society. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
Prior to this recent testing which used sensitive gas chromatography/mass spectrometry researchers were unsure of the historical use of tobacco on the Pacific Northwest Coast.
After two years of experimentation the researchers developed a chemical process where residue is extracted directly from the stone
The authors conclude that the application of pesticides on fresh produce may not only be a chemical hazard
Caffeine is a defence chemical in plants and tastes bitter to many insects including bees
Researchers found that 26 percent of people exposed to varying levels of secondhand smoke had signs of coronary artery calcification (CAC) compared to 18.5 percent in the general population.
The new data also shows that people who report higher levels of secondhand tobacco smoke exposure also have the greatest evidence of coronary artery calcification a build up of calcium in the artery walls as seen on a low-dose computed tomography scan.
or high secondhand smoke exposure were 50 60 and 90 percent more likely to have evidence of coronary artery calcification than those who reported minimal exposure.
Osmotic pressure which exists due to differences in sugar concentration between different components of the vascular tissue helps maintain stable gas bubbles
and effects of thawing sap dissolving gas bubbles and an osmotic pressure gradient between two components (vessels and fibers) in the tree's nonliving vascular tissue.
Barney earned his bachelor's degree in chemistry at the University of Kentucky and his master's and doctorate degrees in weed ecology at Cornell University.
determining cell wall chemistry to find plants with ideal genes. NREL's new High-Throughput Analytical Pyrolysis tool (HTAP) can thoroughly analyze hundreds of biomass samples a day
Tool Can Pinpoint Phenotypesto find out the chemical composition of the cell walls companies have to sample large quantities of biomass
HTAP integrates a molecular beam mass spectrometer with the pyrolysis unit to quickly determine chemical signatures (phenotypes) on small amounts of biomass samples that can be used for among other things identifying the genes controlling the chemical makeup.
Samples drop into the oven where the pyrolysis creates a vapor that is read by the mass spectrometer--a chemical fingerprint.
Combining the HTAP chemical phenotypes with information such as genetic markers can signal there is a gene nearby that controls those chemical phenotypes--for better or worse.
and the associated cell-wall chemistry changes Davis said. They discerned dozens of changes in transgenic biomass samples each slight genetic tweak corresponding with a slight difference in the amount of lignin in the sample.
and greater chemical specificity and resolution than they had seen before. An Explosion In demand for Quick Samplingnrel had partnered previously with scientists from Oak ridge National Laboratory the University of Florida
and the University of California Davis to demonstrate that the HTAP method could combine with genetic information to identify genetic markers associated with cell wall chemistry traits.
NREL's pyrolysis combined with a mass spectrometer was a big improvement over the old method of using wet chemistry to analyze
Even with this approach the method that would soon evolve into HTAP identified numerous genetic markers associated with cell wall chemistry
and provided greater chemical specificity and resolution than had been available before. So NREL used money from its internal general purpose equipment account to buy an auto-sampler the final piece in the goal of combining automation pyrolysis spectrometry and speed.
NREL's partners in the project include Extrel CMS which worked with NREL to design
and Oak ridge National Laboratory Spectrometer Reads the Chemical Fingerprints of the Samplesthe spectrometer's readings are translated into graphs that show single peaks that are easily identifiable phenotypes from
HTAP provides the information that combined with other genetic information tells us there's a gene controlling the plant's cell wall chemistry located somewhere on this chromosome--at the same location every time Davis said.
The data from the chemical makeup is averaged and generated in real time. If we know what each of these peaks are related to we can tell what has changed with each sample Davis said.
The above story is provided based on materials by American Chemical Society. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
what are termed commonly plastics through polymerization. With petroleum derivatives scientists have invested more than a hundred years of research into refining the polymer chemistry involved
and their success in that endeavor is evident in the range of plastics now part of common parlance such as Plexiglas polycarbonate and PVC.
Tang just received a National Science Foundation CAREER award to further develop the polymer chemistry he has been refining
since he arrived as a chemistry professor in USC's College of Arts and Sciences in 2009.
and aromatic structures that make good materials after polymerization he said. They have the rigid molecular structures
& astrophysics at the University of Chicago who used a new method called multi-object spectroscopy to analyze the planet s atmosphere from large ground-based telescopes.
Bean will use a technique called transmission spectroscopy to measure the chemical composition of the planet s atmosphere with unprecedented precision.
While researchers do not entirely understand the role of viruses in helping plants withstand extreme conditions Roossinck said that future research may help the agricultural industry naturally develop hardier plants rather than rely on chemical solutions that threaten the environment.
A typical BECCS system converts woody biomass grass and other vegetation into electricity chemical products or fuels such as ethanol.
It appears in ACS'journal Chemical Research in Toxicology. Chiara Dall'Asta and colleagues explain that molds growing naturally on wheat corn
The above story is provided based on materials by American Chemical Society. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
The above story is provided based on materials by American Chemical Society. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
and zinc#published in Biomedical Spectroscopy and Imagingmillions of people worldwide are exposed regularly to arsenic through drinking water
The discovery is reported in Biomedical Spectroscopy and Imaging. Rice is the staple food of over three billion people.
In this latest work published in Biomedical Spectroscopy and Imaging the De Montfort University team#along with Dr Michael Watts from The british Geological Survey Keyworth Nottingham UK#has identified varieties that are low in arsenic but high in essential trace elements such as
The team analyzed 98 rice samples using a technique called Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) to determine total arsenic and also arsenic species in a selected group of samples.
Although the yield of aromatic rice is lower the farmers will not need to spend much money on applying chemicals that could pollute the environment and harm their own health.#
The researchers'results reported this month in the American Chemical Society journal Environmental science and Technology are the latest in a long effort to understand the environmental aspects of antibiotic resistance which threatens decades of progress in fighting disease.
That's the conclusion of an article in the ACS'Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.
The above story is provided based on materials by American Chemical Society. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
The species also assist the release of essential minerals in some chemical fertilizers though not in pesticides
The worms will survive in areas using chemical fertilizers but not those using chemical pesticides.
However the worms did well in areas of organic farming and so are likely to be sensitive to modern agrochemical contamination of the environment.
For example plants produce a plethora of chemicals that taste bad or serve as a poison to herbivores.
These chemicals are effective in deterring the feeding of most general insect herbivores. A well-studied practice by some specialist insects is their predilection to consume these plant poisons sequester those poisons into parts of their body then exploit the poisons for their own protection.
and analysed the chemical states of their metallic elements. Zinc was shown to dissolve and accumulate throughout the plants
Nanoceria is an excellent catalyst for internal combustion and oil cracking processes and is used also in gas sensors sunscreen products and cosmetic creams.
The use of microscopic synchrotron X-ray beams at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) and at the ESRF enabled scientists to determine the chemical form of these metals
and pods was in the same chemical state as in the nanoparticles. However part of the cerium had changed its oxidation state from Ce (IV) to Ce (III) which can alter the chemical reactivity of the nanoparticles.
Zinc was detected in nodules stems and pods in concentrations higher than in a control group of plants.
Cerium has no chemical partner in the plant tissue and is not biotransformed in the soya bean
COPS are a group of chemicals with diverse characteristics which are present in pesticides industrial waste and building materials.
and chemicals produced by the insects themselves. The findings published online this week in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences show that grooming helps insects maintain acute olfactory senses that are responsible for a host of functions including finding food sensing danger and even
which chemicals travel to reach sensory receptors for olfaction. Cockroaches clean their antennae by using forelegs to place the antennae in their mouths;
and nonvolatile chemicals accumulated on the ungroomed antennae of cockroaches but most surprising was the accumulation of a great deal of cuticular hydrocarbons--fatty candlewax-like substances secreted by the roaches to protect them against water loss.
or gold substrates in a process called chemical vapor deposition commonly used to make graphene.
which might bring in lots of new physics and chemistry especially on the nanoscale. For example 2-D boron is more conductive than graphene because of its unique electronic structure and atomic arrangement.
Yakobson is Rice's Karl F. Hasselmann Professor of Mechanical engineering and Materials Science and professor of chemistry.
and can generate high yields of fermentable sugars regardless of upstream processing says Blake Simmons a chemical engineer who heads JBEI's Deconstruction Division.
and elsewhere have been studying biomass pretreatments with ionic liquids--environmentally benign organic salts often used as green chemistry substitutes for volatile organic solvents.
In the nearby Natural sciences Building the research team used high-performance liquid chromatography to separate and quantify the amino acids that make up proteins.
The ability to literally walk out the door to work on tree defenses against pests like the gypsy moth coupled with an abundance of undergraduate talent makes the U-M campus an ideal location for studies in insect chemical ecology Barbehenn said.
and the effect appears to be slightly stronger with regard to more aggressive forms of the disease according to a study by investigators at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research center.
Corresponding author Janet L. Stanford Ph d. and colleagues Marni Stott-Miller Ph d. a postdoctoral research fellow and Marian Neuhouser Ph d. all of the Hutchinson Center
Eating more than once a week may raise risk Specifically Stanford co-director of the Hutchinson Center's Program in Prostate Cancer Research
and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (chemicals formed when meat is cooked at high temperatures) aldehyde (an organic compound found in perfume)
and acrolein (a chemical found in herbicides). These toxic compounds are increased with reuse of oil and increased length of frying time.
The project was supported by the National Cancer Institute and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research center. Story Source:
The above story is provided based on materials by Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research center. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
because their chemical composition or fingerprint varies said Mark Failla professor of human nutrition at Ohio State and interim chair of the Department of Human sciences.
The research is published in a recent issue of the journal Food Chemistry. Failla and colleagues asked 14 healthy individuals between the ages of 21 and 55 years to collect saliva in the morning before they had eaten breakfast
The extent of the pigment degradation in saliva was primarily a function of the chemical structure of a given anthocyanin said Failla also an investigator in Ohio State's Comprehensive Cancer Center and Food Innovation Center.
and h-BN via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) created sheets with pools of the two that afforded some control of the material's electronic properties.
and used gas and liquid chromatography to analyze juice compounds. They found that orange juice from the fruit with HLB symptoms was often higher in limonin
Their results were published in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. In another study they investigated how HLB infection affects juice quality in the same three varieties of orange with respect to cultivar maturity and processing methods.
The pine beetles produce pheromones chemical signals that attract enough competitors and predators to prevent outbreaks says Sharon Martinson a member of the research team and first author on the new paper.
and more effective toxicity tests for airborne chemicals scientists from Rice university and the Rice spinoff company Nano3d Biosciences have used magnetic levitation to grow some of the most realistic lung tissue ever produced in a laboratory.
and wine appears in ACS'Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. Yoji Hayasaka and colleagues point out that Australia
The above story is provided based on materials by American Chemical Society. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
The most well-studied gene variations are substitutions of one type of chemical unit of DNA for another one at a single position along the genome.
but finite (about 3 billion chemical units long) the environment contains an infinite number of substances from dietary micronutrients to synthetic pollutants to
Wusirika thinks the rice callus culture may be attacking cancer with the same sort of plant chemicals that make vegetables so healthy to eat.
when it comes to combating global warming caused by emissions of ozone-forming chemicals location matters.
Scientists and policy analysts are interested in learning how curbing the emissions of these chemicals can improve human health
of these chemical emissions vary around the world. The chemicals which are produced from sources such as planes factories
and automobiles are converted to ozone in the presence of sunlight and subsequently transported by wind around our planet.
Among these chemicals are nitrogen dioxide carbon monoxide and non-methane hydrocarbons. By combining satellite observations of how much heat ozone absorbs in Earth's atmosphere with a model of how chemicals are transported in the atmosphere the researchers discovered significant regional variability--in some places by more than a factor of 10--in how efficiently ozone trapped heat
in Earth's atmosphere depending upon where the ozone-forming chemical emissions were located. This variability was found within individual continents and even among different regions with similar emission levels within individual countries.
High-latitude regions such as Europe had a smaller impact than lower-latitude regions like North america.
Variations in chemicals that lead to the production of ozone are driven by industry and human population.
whose chemical contents were the precursors to Aspirin willows are seen now as important crops for energy and the environment.
when to secrete specific chemicals when to divide and when to spread. They hypothesized that disrupting this system would leave the parasites incapable of growing
and ingest more samples from this rock which it will analyze for information about its mineral and chemical composition.
One line of evidence comes from inspection of light-toned veins with Curiosity's laser-pulsing Chemistry and Camera (Chemcam) instrument
The researchers grew polycrystalline graphene by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy for analysis to examine at the atomic scale grain boundaries on a silicon wafer.
They reported their results in the journal ACS Nano. We obtained information about electron scattering at the boundaries that shows it significantly limits the electronic performance compared to grain boundary free graphene Lyding said.
That's what Justin was able to measure with these spectroscopy measurements. Basically a grain boundary is a resistor in series with a conductor.
For a 2012 study in the Journal of Proteome Research the scientists used nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to study the amino acid composition of juice from oranges grown on HLB-positive or HLB-negative trees.
It has developed resistance to against more than 50 insecticides including DDT Bt toxins among others making the use of chemicals as a control measurement become ineffective.
and it may play an important role in the development of its ability to detoxify a wide range of chemicals.
Remarkably it appears that the very genetic adaptations that allow DBM to detoxify the chemicals in its food plants
We finally have a nanotube fiber with properties that don't exist in any other material said lead researcher Matteo Pasquali professor of chemical and biomolecular engineering and chemistry at Rice.
but the production rates for these solid-state fibers have proven quite slow compared with fiber-production methods that rely on a chemical process called wet spinning.
at the moment the scientists are working also on potato plants on behalf of a Japanese chemical company. They use their knowledge to get crops to yield a far greater amount of biomass.
and be able to disable plants'growth limits using chemical mutagenesis as well--that is to say using normal growing techniques.
This process involves using chemical additives to bring about changes in a seed's DNA sequence.
which reacts the oily triglyceride content with alcohol using a catalyst. The team has tested now successfully this chemistry on seeds from the mahua and sal trees.
They also demonstrated efficacy with neem seed although suggest the economics of using this species are prohibitive
The experimental results were reported in the Royal Society of Chemistry journal Physical chemistry Chemical Physics. The discovery Tour said could be a boon in the cleanup of contaminated sites like the Fukushima nuclear plants damaged by the 2011 earthquake and tsunami.
In the probabilistic world of chemical reactions where scarce stuff (low concentrations) infrequently bumps into something with
Kalmykov is radiochemistry division head and a professor at Lomonosov Moscow State university. Tour is the T. T. and W. F. Chao Chair in Chemistry as well as a professor of mechanical engineering and materials science and of computer science at Rice.
The Office of Naval Research Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative M-I SWACO and the Air force Office of Scientific research funded work at Rice.
Schools have physics chemistry and biology laboratories to teach these subjects. The combination of Raspberry Pi and Piface creates a cheap personal laboratory for computer science that every child can own.
Microbes can then be used to produce various chemicals such as bioethanol from the sugars. Lignocellulosic biomass contains substantial amounts of lignin
The main reason why strawberries don't work as teeth whiteners is their chemistry. They may taste great
#Chemical derived from broccoli sprouts shows promise in treating autismresults of a small clinical trial suggest that a chemical derived from broccoli sprouts
In a report published online in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences during the week of Oct 13 the researchers say that many of those who received a daily dose of the chemical sulforaphane experienced substantial improvements in their social interaction
In addition the chemical later turned out to improve the body's heat-shock response--a cascade of events used to protect cells from the stress caused by high temperatures including those experienced
Talalay notes that the scores of those who took sulforaphane trended back toward their original values after they stopped taking the chemical just like
because bacteria-based biofertilizers constitute an alternative to conventional chemical fertilizers that are expensive and less sustainable from the environmental point of view.
and where appropriate replace conventional chemical fertilizers so that their use can be reduced with the resulting economic and environmental benefits.
Conventional chemical fertilizers however supply the soil with chemical elements which despite functioning as a fertilizer can end up contaminating aquifers
and conventional chemical fertilizers to increase productivity in poor soils and specifically to combat the impact of the Sclerotinia sclerotiorum pathogen
or inhibiting oxidation processes caused by free radicals are of interest to consumers for their health-related contributions
and the chemical properties of the soil in which rice grows. They found that iron content in soil slowly increases as rice is growing
#U s. releases 13th Report on Carcinogensfour substances have been added in the U s. Department of health and human services 13th Report on Carcinogens a science-based document that identifies chemical biological and physical agents that are considered cancer hazards for people living
Ortho-toluidine used to make rubber chemicals pesticides and dyes has been reevaluated and is listed now as a known human carcinogen.
Ortho-toluidine is a synthetic chemical produced in other countries and imported into the United states by several companies in high volumes.
It is used primarily to make rubber chemicals pesticides and dyes. It is used also in some consumer and medical products.
Three substances added to the new report as reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogenthe chemical 1-bromopropane is a colorless to pale yellow liquid used as a solvent in many commercial industries.
Pentachlorophenol and by-products of its synthesis are complex mixtures of chemicals used as wood preservatives.
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